Medical research in_animal1_(1)

• 1. ON TARGET Done by : Asaad Awad ID :S200315471Presented to: Medical use in animal

2. ON TARGETSummary Layout Medial use in animalHistoryWhat is medical research that uses animals?Pets and Human HealthSignificanceConsiderationsUsing Animals in Research Medical use in animal 3. ON TARGETON TARGETMEDICAL RESEARCH IN ANIMAL Medical use in animal 4. ON TARGETON TARGETOver the centuries a number of scientific and medicalbreakthroughs have used animals totest theories.Louis Pasteur was the first to convincingly show thatanimals could be used in theresearch of diseases.In the 1880s,,He demonstrated germ theory by givinganthrax to sheep. Medical use in animal 5. ON TARGETThe following decade.. Ivan Pavlov used salivating dogs to show classicalconditioning.In 1922, insulin was extracted from dogs totreat diabetes.Russians used a dog, Laika, to test the effects of space on mammals in 1957by rocketing her intoorbit.Dolly the sheep was cloned from an adult cell, proving the possibilities ofcloning technique in 1996. Medical use in animal 6. ON TARGET Medical use in animal 7. ON TARGETTable 1. Medical Research with Animals Saves LivesDog Discovery of insulinMonkeyPolio vaccineMouse Rabies vaccinePig Skin grafts for burn victimsPig Computer-assisted tomography (CAT) scansRabbitCorneal transplantsRat Carcinogen screening Medical use in animal 8. ON TARGETPets and stressPets and excursivePets and Your Heart Medical use in animal 9. ON TARGETThe British Union for the Abolition of Vivisectionestimates that 100 million animals are tested on eachyear.Four classes of animals are commonly used:invertebrates, small animals, cats and dogs,and primates. Medical use in animal 10. ON TARGETInvertebrates such as flies and worms offer scientists insightinto collective actions and community development.The short life spans make them ideal candidates for largescale research.worms and insects have less-developed nervous and immunesystems, limiting their usefulness in disease work. Medical use in animal 11. ON TARGETMice and rabbits are the most commonly.The genetic makeup of these animals is 99 % similar to humans. They alsocontain many of the same features since they are mammals.According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), 20 million ratsand mice are used in medical research each year. Medical use in animal 12. ON TARGETCats and dogs are used in neurology, endocrinology,cardiology and bone research.The USDA shows that 66,000 dogs are used infacilities in the U.S. each year. Most are purchased inauctions or from shelters. Medical use in animal 13. ON TARGETThe USDA states that approximately 70,000 primates are used in medical research each yearworldwide.These animals are nearly identical to humans, making them perfect subjects for behavioralstudies, reproductive experiments, genetics, xenotransplantation and AIDS research. Medical use in animal 14. ON TARGETBaboons, marmosets, macaques, and green monkeys are most commonlyused in these experiments.The use of chimpanzees still occurs in the U.S.A. and possibly China. Medical use in animal 15. ON TARGETThe ethics regarding animals in medical research are the subject of muchdebate ,claiming it caused unnecessary pain and discomfort on animals.The first law was established in 1876 regarding the treatment of animalsin medical testing(Cruelty to Animals Act).Modern groups such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals workto end the use of animals in medical research(stop the testing). Medical use in animal 16. ON TARGETMost governments and scientific organizationsrequest that animal testing should be:1- limited to what is absolutely necessary.2- Require as little suffering as possible. Medical use in animal 17. ON TARGETThe U.S., European Union and many other countries have adapted guidingprinciples for this research called the Three Rs.Reduction of animals in medical research is enforced to require researchersto obtain more information from fewer animal tests.Replacement of animals in testing that may not require a full organism tocomplete the research.Refinement of the process to minimize or control suffering, distress and pain. Medical use in animal 18. ON TARGETMajor purposes:1- Basic and applied medical research.2- The development of drugs and medical devices.3- The production and standardization of vaccines and other biologicals.4- The safety testing of other chemicals.5- Educational activities.6- To diagnose disease and identify pathogens. Medical use in animal 19. ON TARGETThe Benefits of Using Animals In Medical Research:1- prolonged the lives of millions of people.2- Animals used as disease models in medical research to testtreatments and surgical procedures3- The disease animal models used in medical research have resulted intreatments to combat health disorders that affect humans. Healthdisorders such as diabetes and asthma.5- Without the use of animals in medical research, certain medicationsand treatments would be useless to humans. Medical use in animal 20. ON TARGETCritical risks, problems and assumptions58%23% 9%10% Fixing the productcustomer Knowledge Cost Competitors Medical use in animal 21. ON TARGET Thank youAnimal care |