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MEDICAL IMPORTANCE OF CULICOIDES
A) Vector of pathogen(Disease transmitter)
1) Filarial infection(Mansonella spp )• They are transmitted by biting midge and generally regarded as
non-pathogenic.
•Mansonella perstans is widely transmitted by Culicoides sp. in Africa
& South America.
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•Mansonella streptocerca transmitted is restricted in Africa.
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M. ozzardi transmitted by C. furens is restricted in South
America and usually endemic to beach areas in Caribbean.
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Clinical picture :
• fever
• headache
• eosinophilia rash
• pruritus
• abdominal pain
• arthralgia
-headache -headache
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2)Arbovirus(Oropouche fever)
• They are transmitted by biting C.paraensis in Brazil, Trinidad
and Colombia
• They are disease non fatal
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• Two distinct life cycle
-epidemic urban cycle in which human is primary host
-silent maintenance cycle in which forest animal are vertebrae
host
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Clinical picture
-headache
-arthralgia-photophobia
-myalgia
-nausea
-meningitis (rare)
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B)Culicoides as etiological agent of
disease(Causing disesase)
1)Bite :
• Annoyance and disturb sleep
• Allergic reactions( injection of saliva into skin)
• Skin lesion (inflammation and dermatitis)
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Treatment
1) Filarial infection (Mansonella spp)
• M.perstants-Mebendazole 100 mg & Ivermectin 150ug/kg per single dose
• M.streptocerca-Diethylcarbamazine
• M.ozzardi –Ivermectin 150ug/kg per single dose
2)Arbovirus( Oropouche virus)
• No specific therapy as no vaccine available
C t
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Contro
•Eradicate the population and their breeding place by suitable insecticide
•Removal of vector larva habitat such as rotting cacao husks , trunk of felled banana
plants
•Repellent consist DEET (diethytoluamide)
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• Avoid of infestation by taking these precaution
-Installation of window and door screen with a mesh size smaller
-Clothing impregnated with DEET or permethrin
2)Arbovirus (Oropouche fever)
-refrain from sternuous activites
-retire to bed
-consult their physician