Media convergence

, . Media Analysis I assignment

Katie HenryIvana Ivankovic

Tingting Li Abhishek Abhay Patwari

In what ways has the convergence of media changed media organisations and media work?

Convergence – the phenomenon that has not been fully understood yet

For the first time the mass of power has been transferred from ... the providers of information to the prosumers

Media Media

convergencconvergencee

Media Mediaorganizationsorganizations

Media Mediaworkwork

CaseCasestudiesstudies

Defining media convergence

, The idea of media convergence is not only a very interesting concept . but also an extremely complex one

[...]the flow of content across multiple media platforms, the cooperation between multiple media industries and the migratory behaviour of media audiences who will go almost anywhere in search of the kinds of entertainment experiences they want [...] Convergence is a word that manages to describe technological, industrial, cultural and social changes [...] ( ,2006)Henry Jenkins

Defining media convergence

... the ‘coming together’ of previously separate industries (computing, printing, film, audio etc.) which increasingly use the same or related technology and skilled workers. A feature of the contemporary media environment, convergence is a product of mergers between companies in different sectors as well as an outcome of technological development. ( , 2010 ) Branston and Stafford

Observ

ati

ons

of

Converg

ence

- by

Law

son

Bord

ers

:Media organisations should employ

The planning and execution process must center on

communicationCommunication

Commitment

Cooperation

Compensation

Culture

Competition

Customer

’ Organization s incorporation of convergence as a part of

’ it s mission

Members must be open to . sharing ideas and news tips

. Departments work together

Managers must consider recognizing and rewarding

the additional skills

Different cultures for every, media individuals must merge

work habbits and tehniques

Local competition must be handled both inside and

outside

. Central to convergence Has , more control decide when and what they would like to select

Impact on media organizations

, , ... Reducing costs investing in technology staff training

Benefits:

• reducing costs• increasing chances for cooperating with other

( )media organizations sharing resources• investments in technology• multiple platforms• ( increasing functionality integration of

) departments• - training multi skilled staff• one journalist presents one story on multipleplatforms• numerous ways of distributing content•E asier way of collecting feedback from the

audience

Impact on media organizations

:Disadvantages

• media owners tend to copy each other • market becomes less competitive

because of the mergers

Impacto n media work

, , .. More staff training deadlines platforms and feedback

Impact on media work

: Benefits

• more feedback from the audience•I ntegration of content• additional resources• new common working space

: Disadvantages

• ‘ , ’ job became unpredictable uncertain and constantly changing ( , 2005)Deuze• ( )new job requirements knowing at least fundamentals of other media•multitasking• multiple deadlines• technological challenges• reduction of original content• augmentation of work load• loss of editorial indipendence

Media

work

ing

pro

cess

- by

Wan

Ifra

mobile phones alert the audience of the breaking news online provides audience with more details and

comments story updates and

feedback newspapers are reserved for more extensive story

coverage

Case studies

’ Media General s Tampa News Center & MediaCorp Singapore

Tampa News, , Center Florida

USA

1. ’ Media General s Tampa News Center

News Center endorsed media convergence by moving its three news 2000. , units under the same roof in March The Tampa Tribune the

- - NBC affiliated WFLA TV and the Tampa Bay Online began to work 40 120 . jointly in a new $ million thousand square foot building

( Strupp in Garison& , 2003)Dupagne

a) changes concerning media organization buying more tehnical equipment‘ ’ superdesk – a circular multimedia assignment desk where editors

of all units work together primary mission is to cultivate cooperation and resource sharing in news gathering operations ( revenue growth not clear if convergence )contributed to this growth technological challenge shared human resources

1. ’ Media General s Tampa News Center

) b I mpact on media work

J obs ans roles have changed due to the additional , resources common facilities and new responsabilitiesJ ournalist do more multimedia thinking about

storytelling because they had to learn more about the other platforms

M ore people to use in covering storyM ore stories to cover with more people and less duplicationA vailability of new equipmentA , t the core tasks are much the same as beforeS ome employees feel their positions are now more demandingI ncreased collegiality and more interaction with journalists from other platformsT eam approach and declining sense of internal competition

2. ’ MediaCorp s Newsplex building

2009 Newsplex opened in October and it faciliated the only three – . ( , 2009)media newsroom in the region Galarpe

a) changes concerning media organizationC utting costs , , , , different newsrooms for TV radio print interactive media

productions and enterprises ( , , ...)one desk for each platforms newsplex bizplex sportsplex ’ difficulties with changing the journalist s mindsetS uccess is when they are the first to break the news online

) b I mpact on media work ( , sharing stories one journalist goes on the field )others focus on their own exclusive stories resistance to convergence because of fear – doing three platformsJ , ournalist should think quickly ask questions , quickly summarize quickly and figure out the headline and the lead quickly

Reference list

• Anoun., n.d. Media Convergence: the Singapore Model [online]. Available at: http://www.ajf.sg/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/AJF-Fellow2009-project-Mildred-Galarpe.doc [Accessed 8 November 2010]

• Aviles, J. G., Kaltenbrunner, A., Kraus, D., Meier, K. and Carvajal, M. 2008. Newsroom Convergence – a Transnational Comparison [online]. Available at: http://www.medienhaus-wien.at/cgi-bin/file.pl?id=57 [Accessed 7 November 2010]

• Bowman, S. and Willis, C. 2003. We Media: How audiences are shaping the future of news and information. The Media Center at The American Press Institute, Reston.

• Branston, G. and Stafford, R. 2010. The Media Student’s Book. 5thedition. Oxon: Routledge.• Chon, B.S., Choi, J.H., Barnett, G.A., Danowski, J.A. and Sung-hee, J. 2002. A Structural Analysis of Media Convergence: Cross-Industry Mergers and

Acquisitions in the Information Industries. Journal of Media Economics, 42(6), pp.141-157.• Deuze, M. 2005. Cultural Convergence in the Creative Industries: Understanding the Changing Nature of Media Work. Conference Papers –

International Communication Association, 2006 Annual Meeting, pp.1-28.• Galarpe, M. 2009. Convergence and Singapore Media available from http://www.ajf.sg/fellows/mildred-galarpe/ [Accessed 25 October 10]• Garrison, B. and Dupagne, M. 2003. A Case Study of Media Convergence at Media General’s Tampa News Center [online]. Available at:

http://com.miami.edu/car/columbia03.pdf [Accessed 8 November 2010]• IFRA. 2007. The Future of News [online] Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?gl=US&feature=related&hl=uk&v=xmG7aHM4Poc [Accessed

7 Nov 10]• Jan, M. 2009. Globalization of Media: Key Issues and Dimensions. European Journal of Scientific Research, 29(1), pp.66-75.• Jenkins, H. 2004. The Cultural Logic of Media Convergence. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 7(1), pp. 33-43.• Jenkins, H. 2006. Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York: New York University Press.• Lawsons-Borders, G. 2006. Media Organisations and Convergence: Case Studies of Media Convergence Pioneers. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum

associates, Inc., Publishers.• McPhilips, S. and Merlo, O. 2008. Media Convergence and the Evolving Media Business Model: an Overview and Strategic Opportunity. The Marketing

Review, 8(3), pp.237-253.• Micó, J., Masio, P. and Barbosa, S. 2009. Models of Business Convergence in the Information Industry: A mapping of cases in Brazil and Spain. Brazilian

Journalism Research, 5(1), pp.123-140.• Quinn, S. and Quinn-Allan, D. 2005. The World-wide Spread of Journalism Convergences [online]. Available at:

http://live-wirez.gu.edu.au/jea.papers/Quinn.rtf [Accessed 7 November 2010]• Saltzis, K. and Dickinson, R. 2008. Inside the Changing Newsroom: Journalists’ Responses to Media Convergence. Aslib Proceedings: New Information

Perspectives, 60(3), pp.216-228.• Toffler, A. 1980. The Third Wave. London: Collins.