Mechatronics Engineering: Overview, recent progress and …softrobotics.buaa.edu.cn/PPT/Chapter 1 Mechatronics Overview... · •Typical mechatronics products (system) are: CNC machine

6/10/2016

Mechatronics Engineering:

Overview, recent progress and future

School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation

Beihang University

Prof. Tianmiao Wang Prof. Li Wen

Mechanical and Electrical Control System &

The Development Tendency

• What’s mechatronics ？

• What is mechatronics consist of？And the function of

each part?

• What are the key technologies involved in the

mechatronics system?

• What`s the requirements of mechatronics system in the

financial market？

1 Fundamental concept

2

3

4

Development situation

5

System composition

Key technology

Product classification

I. An overview of mechatronics system

6 The difference with other technology

I. 1.1 The Concept of Mechartonics

Mechanical is a product of electronic technology, information

technology to the penetration of mechanical industry in the wave of

new technology.

The word Mechatronics comes from Japan （70s）.It consists of

Mechanics at the first half and Electronics at the second half.

Mechatronics involves many related disciplines

Mechanics ：mechanical design, mechanical manufacturing, etc

Electronics: electrical engineering, electrical machinery, digital circuits, analog circuits

Cybernetics: classical control, modern control

Computer science: microprocessor system and interface technology, application software technology (CAD, CAM, FMS, CAT, CNC）

Mechatronics

System

Basic

machine

ActuatorSensing

detection

Mechanical

transmissi

on

Gear-d

riven

Wo

rm-a

nd

-gear

Belt

driv

e

Hyd

rau

licd

rive

Mechanism

Bo

dy

Pro

p

Pre

ssu

resen

so

r

En

co

de

r

Gra

ting

Ele

ctric

Pn

eu

matic

Hyd

rau

matic

Serv

om

oto

r

Ste

pp

er

moto

r

So

len

oid

va

lve

Rela

y

IPC

Mic

roco

ntro

lle

r PL

C

Dig

ilog

ue

circ

uit

Power

systemControl and

information processing

Faste

nin

gs

• M echatron ics Techno log y： From the viewpoint of

system, it organically integrates the mechanical technology,

microelectronics technology, information technology, control technology

on the basis of system engineering in order to realize the system

optimization of a new science and technology.

• It is not a simple overlay of

mechanical and electronic, but

an application technology

based on information theory,

cybernetics and system theory.

Mechatr

-onics

Information

science

Mech

an

ics

Electronics

1.1 The Concept of Mechartonics

• Mechatronics generally contains Mechatronics

products (system) and Mechatronic technology.

• Typical mechatronics products (system) are: CNC

machine tools, intelligent robot, automobile electronic

products, instruments and meters, electronic

typesetting printing system, CAD/CAM system, etc.

1.1 The Concept of Mechatronics

CNC

Robot

装配

Industrial Robot

AssembleArc welding

Spot welding

AGV

…

…

CNC ndustrial robot

Basic

components …

…

servo drive

……

detectorsensor

transfer system

AGV

stereoscopic

warehouse

PLC

FMS

…

…

DNC

Key Equipment in Digital Production Lines

Th

e k

ey u

nd

erly

ing

au

tom

atio

n

eq

uip

me

nt

http://www.hollysys.com.cn/Product/images/p8b.gif

http://www.hollysys.com.cn/Product/images/p8b.gif

Microelectronic production equipment


2

3

4


5

System composition

Key technology




1.2 Development Overview

1.Before the 1960s is the first stage ，called the “Embryonic stage”

In order to improve the performance of mechanical products, engineerscombined the mechanical with electronic technology consciously orunconsciously.

However, due to the development of electronic technology is relativelybackward , the combination has not been widely used.

2.The second stage is between the 1970s to80s,called the“Vigorousdevelopment stage ”

The Computer technology, control technology, communication technology

make the base for the development of mechatronics. The characters of this periodare：

① Firstly, the term mechatronics is generally accepted in Japan ,it is not accepteduntil the 1980s about the world；

② Mechatronics technology and products have been greatly developed;

③ All countries have begun to give attentions and supports to the mechatronicstechnologies and products .

1.2 Development Overview

3.The late 1990s is the third stage, called the “intelligent stage”.

① Not only the optical and communications technologies are mechatronics,

micro-fabrication techniques revealed the first leg in mechatronics, there are

new branches such as mechatronics and micro mechatronics;

② Not only the design, analysis and integration methods of the mechatronic

systems model, but mechatronics discipline system and trends have been

studied in-depth.

③ Due to the huge advances in the field of artificial intelligence , neural

network technology and fiber optic technology, mechatronics technology

has gained a lot. These studies will lead to establish a complete mechatronic

basement and a scientific system.

The stage of the electromechanical control systems

Development of electromechanical control systems are divided

into the following stages by the control devices:

• The earliest electromechanical control systems appeared in the early 20th

century, it is only using the simple electrical contactors and relay controls to

achieve the start, stop and have speed control , but its control is slow and the

accuracy is poor;

• In the 1930s, the control system has developed from intermittent control

system to the continuous control; continuous control system can always check

the working status of the control object and according to the quantity of

output to control the object automatically, its rapidity and precision are much

higher than the intermittent control and not only simplify the control system,

but reduce the circuit contacts so that the reliability and efficiency are higher;

• The magnetic amplifier control and power controlled rectifier control mercury

has appeared between the 1940s-50s.


• In the late 1950s the control of the power transistors has been appeared, because

of it have many advantages such as good control characteristics, fast response,

long life, high reliability, easy maintenance, small size, light weight, etc. It has

opened a new era for the mechanical and electrical automatic control system.

• With the development of numerical control technology and the computer

applications, especially the emergence of the application of micro- computers,

make the control system to a new stage - sampling control.

• In the early 1970s, the computer numerical control (CNC) system was used in

CNC machine tools and machining centers, which not only enhanced the degree

of automation, but also improve the machine’s versatility and processing

efficiency, Besides, it has been widely applied on the production .

• The birth of industrial robots has made the basement of the overall machining

automation.

• Since the 1980s, there have been appeared the computer-controlled machining

centers automatic lines-Flexible Manufacturing System(FMS), which consists

of the CNC machine tools, industrial robots , automated guided vehicles, it is

an important component of automated workshop and factory automation .

• Advanced stages of manufacturing automation is to make the design and

integration, namely using the computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-

aided manufacturing (CAM) to form a complete system of product design and

manufacturing process, so as to make from product conception and design to

assembly and quality management automatic, in order to achieve high

efficiency, high flexibility, high quality, and computer integrated

manufacturing system (CIMS).



2

3

4


5

System composition

Key technology




1.3 The Com position of M echatron ics System

There are a lot of the elements in a mechatronics system, of

which five elements are necessary. We can get inspiration from

the five elements of human body.

heart

organs muscle control system

powerplant

detector actuator

mechanism

noumenon

Human Mechatronics

brain

skeleton

1 Mechanism NoumenonMechanical body framework connection achieve the

structure function

Requirements: reliable, small and beautiful

2 PowerProvide energy, converted to desired form.

Requirements: high efficiency and good reliability

1.3 The Composition of Mechatronics System

3 Sensing Device

Test product state of internal and external environment, realize measuring

function.

Requirements: small size, high precision, anti-jamming

4 Electronic Control UnitTreatment, operation, decision-making, implementation control

function

Requirements: high reliability, flexible and intelligent

5 Execution-drivenRequirements: electric, hydraulic and pneumatic


How it works：The operator inputs the process inform ation (such as size,

shape, accuracy, etc.) to the control com puter. The com puter sends a

start com m and to start the operation of the driving elem ent, driven

actuators for p rocessing . Measuring elem ent real-tim e detects the

processing cond ition , feedbacks the inform ation to the com puter. After

com puter analysis and processing , a correspond ing control com m and is

sent to real-tim e control actuator ̀ s m ovem ent. Step by step , the work

p iece is fin ished accord ing to the processed inform ation autom atically.

information

input

Position and

speed detection

unit

Motor

mechanical

part

Position

and

velocity

feedback

CNC



2

3

4


5

System composition

Key technology




1.4 The Key Technology in Common

1. Precision machinery technology

2. The information processing technology

3. Automatic control technology

4. Servo drive technology

5. Detection and sensor technology

6. System integration technology

Precision Machinery Technology

Emphasizes the use of precision mechanical design technology, it is

using high and new technology to achieve the changes on the

structure, material, performance.

Satisfaction

Reduce weight and the volume

Improve the rigidity and precision

Achieve standardization, generalization and seriation

The Information Processing Technology

Including information input, transformation, operation, storage and output.

Information processing tools are computer, including hardware, software, network and communication, database technology, etc.

Industrial control computer is adopted to improve the information processing in the system, its hardware includes input/output devices, display, external memory, host, programmable controller, the numerical control device and so on.

sensor A/D computer D/A actuator

Automatic Control Technology

Mechatronics automatic control system includes position control,

velocity control and force or torque control, self-correcting

compensation. Automatic control is the basis of the principle of

automatic control. It can be divided into:

Classical control theory: the single input and single output linear

time-invariant systems (on the basis of transfer function)

Modern control theory: multi-input - output, high precision ,

nonlinear system (based on the equation of state)

Requirements: steady, fast and exact

The Servo Drive Technology

The so-called "Servo" (Servo) is the meaning of "follow" .

electric signal mechanical operation

Under the command of control instruction, control the driving

element, make the mechanical parts move according to the

requirements of the command, and has good dynamic

performance.

Research object: actuators and drives

Types of actuators: electric, hydraulic, pneumatic

Driver: all kinds of motor driver

The Detection and Sensor Technology

The object of study: sensor and its signal detection device

Role: receptors, the feedback loop.

Requirements: can get information quickly and accurately and

has high reliability in the corresponding application environment It

is the important link to realize automatic control.

Main contents: 1. convert the physical quantities (displacement,

velocity, acceleration, force, torque, temperature, etc.) into a

electricity signal with certain proportional; 2.process electrical signals

such as amplification, compensation and calibration.

System Integration Technology

From the overall objective, use the viewpoint and method of systems

engineering, combine the various functional modules organically to

achieve the overall optimum of the system .

The key technology is interface technology, including electrical,

mechanical interface, human interface.


2

3

4


5

System composition

Key technology




1.5 Mechatronics Product Categories

Accordance with utility

Industrial machinery: electronic control machinery used for industrial production, such as numerical control equipment

Information machinery: used in information processing, storage, such as office automation equipment

Livelihood machinery: electronic machinery products used for people's life, such as household appliances

Accordance with functionCNC machinery :CNC machine, robots

Electronic device: automatic washing machine

Electro-hydraulic servo: electro-hydraulic shaking table

Information control: fax machines

Electromechanical combination: vending machines


2

3

4


5

System composition

Key technology




1) With the traditional electrical control

Trad itional electrical control technolog y, m ain ly achievethrough a variety of electrical electrom agnetic characteristics ,such as relays, contactors, etc., w ithout reg ard to or rarelyconsider the intrinsic link between them in the desig n

Mechatronics rely on com puter control ,em phasizing theinteraction and influence between m echanical parts and electricalcom ponents in the desig n process, the entire device has a certainintellig ence under com puter control.

1.6 The Difference With Other Technology

2) With concurrent engineering

Mechatronics combines mechanical technology, m icroelectronics,computer technology, control technology and detection technology in thedesign and manufacture stage together organically, pay g reat attention tothe interaction between mechanical and other components. Andconcurrent engineering makes these various techniques go hand in handwithin their range, only in different design and manufacturing technology ,and finally complete the overall device by a simple overlay.


3) With automation technology

Automatic control technology focus on the discussion control principle,

control laws, analytical methods and the structure of automated systems.

Mechatronics sees automatically control principles and methods as an

important supporting technology, the automation control component parts as

an important application of automatic control theory and methods, analysis

systems and estimates performance.

1.6 The Difference With Other TechnologyTechnology

4) With computer application technology

Mechatronics just makes computer as the core component of the

application, the purpose is to enhance and improve system performance.

Computer Applications in mechatronic systems is only part of the

computer application technology, it can be widely used in the office,

management and image processing. Mechatronics technology research is

mechatronic systems, rather than the computer application itself.


Many thanks!

Mechatronics Engineering: Overview, recent progress and …softrobotics.buaa.edu.cn/PPT/Chapter 1 Mechatronics Overview... · •Typical mechatronics products (system) are: CNC machine

Documents