RAJENDRA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, BIHAR RAJENDRA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, BIHAR Pusa (Samastipur) – 848125 Pusa (Samastipur) – 848125 HOD, Farm Machinery Status of farm mechanization Status of farm mechanization in Bihar, constraints and in Bihar, constraints and promotional strategy promotional strategy
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Status of farm mechanization Status of farm mechanization in Bihar, constraints and in Bihar, constraints and
promotional strategypromotional strategy
Important factsImportant facts 76% population depends on agriculture for 76% population depends on agriculture for
livelihood.livelihood. Marginal, small, semi-medium and medium farmers Marginal, small, semi-medium and medium farmers
contribute to 99.9% of total number of holdings and contribute to 99.9% of total number of holdings and 97.2% of total area of operational holdings.97.2% of total area of operational holdings.
Net sown area has decreased from 57.6% in 2011-12 Net sown area has decreased from 57.6% in 2011-12 to 42.3% in 2012-13.to 42.3% in 2012-13.
Cropping intensity has increased from 1.37 to 1.44.Cropping intensity has increased from 1.37 to 1.44. Cereals have share of more than 85% in total Cereals have share of more than 85% in total
cultivable land for crop production.cultivable land for crop production. Productivity has declining trend from 2012-13 and Productivity has declining trend from 2012-13 and
this is mainly due to mainly decrease in annual this is mainly due to mainly decrease in annual rainfall.rainfall.
Farm mechanization has growing trend and farm Farm mechanization has growing trend and farm power availability was 1.90 kw/ha in 2014-15.power availability was 1.90 kw/ha in 2014-15.
Agro Climate Zones of BiharAgro Climate Zones of BiharZoneZone DistrictsDistricts
Zone – I Zone – I :: West Champaran, East Champaran, Siwan, West Champaran, East Champaran, Siwan, Saran, Sitamarhi, Sheohar, Muzaffarpur, Saran, Sitamarhi, Sheohar, Muzaffarpur, Vaishali, Madhubani, Darbhanga, Vaishali, Madhubani, Darbhanga, Samastipur, Gopalganj, Begusarai Samastipur, Gopalganj, Begusarai (13 districts)(13 districts)
Land utilization (Area in '000 ha)Land utilization (Area in '000 ha)Land useLand use 2010-112010-11 2011-122011-12 2012-132012-13
Geographical areaGeographical area 9359.57 9359.57 (100.0)(100.0) 9359.57 9359.57 (100.0)(100.0) 9359.57 9359.57 (100.0)(100.0)ForestForest 621.64 621.64 (6.6)(6.6) 621.64 621.64 (6.6)(6.6) 621.64 621.64 (6.6)(6.6)Barren and uncultivable landBarren and uncultivable land 431.72 431.72 (4.6)(4.6) 431.72 431.72 (4.6)(4.6) 431.72 431.72 (4.6)(4.6)Land put to non-agricultural Land put to non-agricultural useuse
Land under tree cropLand under tree crop 244.56 244.56 (2.6)(2.6) 244.56 244.56 (2.6)(2.6) 246.34 246.34 (2.6)(2.6)Fallow landFallow land 121.88 121.88 (1.3)(1.3) 121.17 121.17 (1.3)(1.3) 121.78 121.78 (1.3)(1.3)Current fallowCurrent fallow 920.27 920.27 (9.8)(9.8) 781.26 781.26 (8.3)(8.3) 766.7 766.7 (8.2)(8.2)Total uncultivable landTotal uncultivable land 4100.87 4100.87 (43.8)(43.8) 3963.83 3963.83 (42.4)(42.4) 3957.17 3957.17 (42.3)(42.3)Net sown areaNet sown area 5258.70 5258.70 (56.2)(56.2) 5395.75 5395.75 (57.6)(57.6) 3957.17 3957.17 (42.3)(42.3)Gross sown areaGross sown area 71947194 7646.767646.76 7777.527777.52Cropping intensityCropping intensity 1.371.37 1.421.42 1.441.44
Note : The figure in parenthesis denote percentage share in total geographical area.Note : The figure in parenthesis denote percentage share in total geographical area.
Source : Directorate of economics & statistics, Govt. of Bihar
Distribution of holdings by size classDistribution of holdings by size class
Category of farmersCategory of farmers No. of holdingsNo. of holdings Operational Operational holdings (in ha)holdings (in ha)
Source : Agricultural Census Division, Ministry of Agriculture, New Delhi
Marginal, small and semi medium farmers contribute to Marginal, small and semi medium farmers contribute to 98.2% of total farming community. 98.2% of total farming community.
Annual rainfall for different season (mm)Annual rainfall for different season (mm)
In recent years, decrease in rainfall has adversely affected In recent years, decrease in rainfall has adversely affected crop production and agricultural mechanizationcrop production and agricultural mechanization
Note : Figures in parenthesis denotes actual rainfall as the percentage Note : Figures in parenthesis denotes actual rainfall as the percentage of averageof average
Source : Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Govt. of Bihar
Cropping patternCropping pattern
CropCrop Percentage in areaPercentage in area2010-112010-11 2011-122011-12 2012-132012-13 2013-142013-14 2014-152014-15
* In both years, massive demonstration on SRI and SWI * In both years, massive demonstration on SRI and SWI had impact on productivity of rice and wheat crop.had impact on productivity of rice and wheat crop.
Area and productivity Area and productivity under major crops in under major crops in
Bihar Bihar
CropCropArea Area
(in Lakh hectare)(in Lakh hectare)Productivity Productivity
Quantum jump in average productivity of three important cereals
Rice occupies a predominant position in Bihar, accounting for Rice occupies a predominant position in Bihar, accounting for 42.31 %42.31 % of the total cereals production against of the total cereals production against 50.5 %50.5 % in 2011-12. in 2011-12.
Operation-wise mechanization gapOperation-wise mechanization gap inin
study area (2013-14)study area (2013-14)
S. S. NoNo Name of blocksName of blocks
Operation-wise mechanization gap (%)Operation-wise mechanization gap (%)
• Net Cultivable area Net Cultivable area – 56.03 lakh hectare– 56.03 lakh hectare• Tractor population upto 2013-14 – 2,63,909Tractor population upto 2013-14 – 2,63,909• Tractor availability/ thousand ha – 47Tractor availability/ thousand ha – 47
Source : TMA, New DelhiSource : TMA, New Delhi
Subsidy utilization & its distribution in Subsidy utilization & its distribution in different heads different heads
(2015-16)(2015-16)• Total subsidy amount Total subsidy amount – Rs. 175.0 crore– Rs. 175.0 crore• Total subsidy amount utilized Total subsidy amount utilized – Rs. 115.0 crore– Rs. 115.0 crore• Utilization of subsidy amountUtilization of subsidy amount – 65.71%– 65.71%
S. S. No.No.
Utilization headUtilization head Subsidy amount Subsidy amount released (Rs. in released (Rs. in
• Small farmer and Small farmer and small farmssmall farms
• High cost machinery owning not profitable due to High cost machinery owning not profitable due to tendency of farmers for self use only.tendency of farmers for self use only.
• Inadequacy of farm power and matching implementsInadequacy of farm power and matching implements
• Lack of trained operators and mechanic.Lack of trained operators and mechanic.
• Lack of machinery service centres and unavailability Lack of machinery service centres and unavailability of spares at local level.of spares at local level.
• Special credit support to machine manufacturers and Special credit support to machine manufacturers and purchasers purchasers
• Promotional policy for machine manufacturersPromotional policy for machine manufacturers
• Innovating custom service model for farmersInnovating custom service model for farmers
• Training and demonstration in participatory modeTraining and demonstration in participatory mode
• Counseling to farmers for adoption of improved technologyCounseling to farmers for adoption of improved technologyCont…..Cont…..
Strategy of promotionStrategy of promotion• Establishment of Farm Machine Banks.Establishment of Farm Machine Banks.
• Special subsidy for owning and promotion of Special subsidy for owning and promotion of remunerative as well as high cost - low use period remunerative as well as high cost - low use period machine.machine.
• Promotion of machine ownership for custom hiring by Promotion of machine ownership for custom hiring by socially/ financially backward youth.socially/ financially backward youth.
• Promotion of small machines for individual ownership by Promotion of small machines for individual ownership by small and marginal farmers.small and marginal farmers.
• Promotion of Farm Machinery Advisory SystemPromotion of Farm Machinery Advisory System
• Categorization and grading of local manufacturersCategorization and grading of local manufacturers
• Timely execution of mechanization promotional Timely execution of mechanization promotional programmes.programmes.