MECHANICAL HANDLING CONVEYORNur Sabrina N or Jaeman, Mohamad Aznan Mahmud, Siti Nur Aida Damanhu ri, Siti Nur Aisyah Mohamad Othman, Siti Nur Amalina Mohd Sabli. Department of Biology and A gricultural n gineering, !ni"ersity #utra Malaysia. Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. ABSTRACT Mechanical handling conveyor is a system used for the transportation of material from one location to another. In agricultural and food process engineering field, the most commonly use is belt conveyor. This is because belt conveyor has high load carrying capacity, large length ofconveying path, simple design, easy maintenance and high reliability of operation. This paperprovides on the belt conveyor operation and how to calculate the performance of the belt conveyor. There are a few things being measured and calculated such as the peripheral force, material discharge rate, material efficiency, the pre-tensioning and cord check. Belt conveyorused is made by rubber with drive power of 1.k!, while the e"perimented materials are mung beanss weighed around #$$g. The mung beanss were released at one end of the conv eyor and the total mung beans that e%uipped the conveyor are weighed again as the output. The time taken forthe first beans to reach the end of the conveyor is also measured. The e"periment involved different fre%uency usage. &ey wor ds' mech ani cal ( handli ng( conv eyor( bel t( per for mance( agr icultu re( food process( efficiency( fre%uency( mung beans. 1. INTRODUCTION Mechanical handling conveyor is a common piece of mechanical handling e%uipment that aids in transporting materials especially the bulky and heavy one from a location to another location. )onveyor systems allow %uick and efficient transportation for a wide variety of materials, which ma ke them ver y pop ul ar in the materi al handli ng and packagi ng indust ri es. Mecha ni cal conveyors can include various types such as bucket conveyor, belt conveyor, chain conveyor and
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etc. The most common conveyor used in agricultural and food processing engineering are belt
conveyor, bucket conveyor and pneumatic conveyor. *1+
s for the belt conveyor, it is either flat or troughed and are often used for transporting materials
over long distances. lat conveyors are usually used to move bulky packages or bo"ed goods,and on the other hand, troughed conveyors usually transport loose items such as aggregates or
solid fuel. Belt conveyors are generally consisting of a metal frame with rollers at either end of a
flat metal bed. The belt is looped around each of the rollers and when one of the rollers is
powered by an electrical motor/. The powered pulley is called the drive pulley while the
unpowered pulley is called the idler pulley. conveyer belt can be a slide and be controlled by
the force of gravity.
There are a few parameters that that can be used to check on the performance of the beltconveyor such as the peripheral force, material discharge rate, and material efficiency. *#+ The
ob0ectives of this e"periment are to study the operation of belt conveyors by the mean of
measuring the parameters involved.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Apparatus
The apparatus that have been used in this e"periment are conveyor machine set,
measuring tape, tachometer, balance and stopwatch.
2.2. Metho s
irstly, a #$$g of the mung beans is weighed by using weighing scale. The sprocket pitch
diameter, belt width and belt length of conveyor machine is measured and the data is
recorded. Then, the conveyor machine set is turned on with #$ 2 of fre%uency. fter a
few minutes, the speed of conveyor machine is measured in revolution per minutes rpm/
by using tachometer and the data is recorded. 3e"t, the mung beans is placed at the
starting point of conveyor machine and released at the same speed. The time taken is
recorded when the mung beans arrived at the end point of conveyor machine. 4astly, the
Based on the conveyor speed and the material efficiency result, it shows an increasing value
as shown in igure 1. Theoretically, the graph should show decreasing value, since the speedof conveyor will affect the material efficiency.
igure 1' graph of conveyor speed against material efficiency.
Based on the results, the error occur due to the e"perimental error include human
error, systematic error and random error or error caused by environmental conditions or other unpredictable factors. 7ther than that, the machine used also a little bit old where some
defects were detected such as the conveyor belt taking a little longer to stop making the
outcome of the e"periment to be affected. 7ther than that, there were some mung bean that
stuck at the side of the belting conveyor that reduce the output of the conveyor. Tus, the
e"periment design and apparatus should be performing at its optimum condition so that the
e"periment could seeks to minimi2e e"perimental error, in order to produce the