MECH1300 Intro to Fluid Power Topics What is fluid power? Where is it used? Advantages? What are the 5 basic components of hydraulics? Standards? Applications?

MECH1300

Intro to Fluid PowerTopics

What is fluid power?Where is it used?Advantages?What are the 5 basic components of hydraulics?Standards?Applications?Units?

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What is Fluid Power?Three methods for transmitting power: Mechanical, Electrical and Fluid (Plasma as well)

Fluid power is the transmission and control of energy using pressurized fluid.

Fluid is considered to be gas or liquid

Hydraulics (oil) and Pneumatics (air)

The electric motor rotates a hydraulic pump causing the hydraulic pump to pump oil from a tank through a pipe to a hydraulic motor. This causes the hydraulic motor shaft to rotate, turning the conveyer.

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What is Fluid Power?The difference between Hydraulics and Pneumatics is that air is compressible and oil is relatively incompressible.

Pneumatics is used for:• Low power/light to moderate load capacity.

• Low to moderate precision.

• Quick response.

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Manufacturing• Industrial robots powered by hydraulics.

• Industrial machines use hydraulics as a power source.

• Plastic injection molding machines us hydraulics to close the mold.

• Lifting devices, such as fork lifts and jacks.

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Transportation• Airplanes use hydraulics to control landing gear.

• Shock absorbers on cars and trucks

• Brakes for cars and trucks

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Construction• Backhoes, Bulldozers, dump trucks all use hydraulics.

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Advantages:• Provide very high forces and can smoothly and accurately (precision)

control motion.

• Operate under water and other harsh conditions.

Disadvantages:• Can leak oil.

• Don’t work well in clean room applications.

Hydraulics

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5 Basic ComponentsPower Input Device – A pump that provides hydraulic power to the system. The pump draws the oil from the reservoir and pumps it into the supply line.

Control Devices – Valves control direction, pressure, and flow rate of pressurized oil in the hydraulic system.

Power Output Device – This is where the hydraulic power is converted back to mechanical power. The output devices are call actuators. There are two types of actuators:

Motors : Create rotary motion as the oil flows through it.Cylinders: Create straight line motion when oil flows into it.

Conductors – To transmit the liquid, conductors (pipes, tubing, or hoses) are used. There are two main lines in a hydraulic system:

Supply line: Provides flow to the actuators.Return line: Allows oil leaving the actuators to return to the reservoir.

Liquid – The power conducting medium. Typically oil, but other liquids are used sometimes.

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5 Basic ComponentsPower Input Device, Control Devices, Power Output Device, Conductors, Liquid

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StandardsNational Fluid Power Association (NFPA) – sets standards for cylinder sizes, mounting styles, testing methods and other parts.

It also looks at industry sales information.

American National Standards Institute (ANSI) – Coordinates organizations to make sure that there is a national standard. It does not write any standards.

International Standards Organization (ISO) – Same as ANSI on a international level. (Allows for compatibility)

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ApplicationsTwo Systems

Fluid Transfer – Move fluid from one location to another.Filling your car with gasLow pressuresFilling a water tank

Fluid Power – Transmit powerHeavy loadsHigh PressuresHeavy equipment and machines

Three Main Categories

Mobile Hydraulic – Construction and farm equipment. (largest sector)

Industrial Hydraulic – Machines, Robots, factories……..ect.

Industrial Pneumatic – Air tools, automated manufacturing.

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Pressure UnitsPressure has units of :

Ex: Convert 100mmHg to units of psi.

100𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔×14.7𝑝𝑠𝑖

760𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔=1.934𝑝𝑠𝑖

Temperature :

Ex: Convert 100⁰C to ⁰F

℉=1.8 (100 )+32=212℉