MEATS

MEATS

Objectives

Identify the differences between beef, pork, and lamb cuts; Diagram and identify the wholesale cuts of beef, pork, and lamb; List retail meat cuts and identify the wholesale cut that it came

from; Explain the yield and quality grades of meat; Describe the influence grade has on preparation procedures and

retail price; List signs and causes of meat spoilage; and Judge a class of meat cuts.

A. Identify the differences between beef, pork, and lamb cuts

•Beef: Cherry Red color, white fat, larger size

•Pork: Pale pink color and white fat

•Lamb: Darker red color, white fat, small size

B. Diagram and identify the wholesale cuts of beef, pork, and lamb

Chuck

Plate

Loin

RoundFlank

Shank

Brisket

Rib

BEEF

Loin

SideHam

Should

er

Jowl

Pork

ShoulderLeg

Rib

Breast

Loin

Lamb

C. List retail meat cuts and identify the wholesale cut that it came from

T Bone Steak7 Bone Steak/Roast

Eye Steak

Brisket

Round Steak/Roast

Flank Steak

Short RibsCross Cuts

Jowel

Should

er

Loin

HamSide

Jowel

Bacon

Ham

Loin Chop

Boston Blade

ShoulderRib

Breast

Loin

Leg

Breast

Loin ChopRib Chop

American Style Roast

Arm Chop

Meat Cuts

Draw THREE diagrams to represent the major meat cuts fromBeefSwineLamb

D. Explain the yield and quality grades of meat

Quality Grade: based on two factors:

1- Maturity of the carcass

- determined by observing bone and cartilage.

2- Amount of Marbling

“Marbling”- intramuscular fat or flecks of fat in the lean muscle that gives it taste

How Age is Determined

Young carcasses have cartilage “buttons” Old carcasses have bones that are

completely ossified

Marbling Grades

PRIME CHOICE SELECT

MARBLING GRADES:

PRIME

Moderately Abundant Slightly Abundant

Modest

MARBLING GRADES:

CHOICE

Small

Slight

MARBLING GRADES:

SELECT

Seven Quality Grades:

1-Prime 4-Standard

2-Choice 5-Commercial

3-Select 6-Utility

Prime

Choice

Select

Standard

Utility

Commercial

Prime 1 in 26

Upper 2/3 of Choice 1 in 19

Lower 1/3 of Choice 1 in 7

Select 1 in 5

Standard 1 in 2

Prime 1 in 26

Upper 2/3 of Choice 1 in 19

Lower 1/3 of Choice 1 in 7

Select 1 in 5

Standard 1 in 2

What does a quality Grade mean?

Quality Grade

Odds of having a

poor steak

Yield Grade

measure of the boneless, closely trimmed retail cutalso known as “cutability”a scale of 1 to 5 is used to judge Yield

- 1 is the highest, 5 is the lowest

E. Describe the influence grade has on preparation procedures and retail price

Retail Price: Consumers are willing to pay a higher price for higher quality meat.

VS

Meat with little marbling is tougher and therefore needs to be cooked at a lower temp over a long period of time.

Cooking Procedures Meat with more

marbling is more tender and can be cooked at a higher temperature

F. LIST SIGNS AND CAUSES OF MEAT SPOILAGE

Meat is considered “spoiled” when it is unfit for human consumption.

The major causes of spoiling are:

MicroorganismsBacteriaYeastMold

Signs of Meat Spoilage

Odor

Slime

Mold Growth

Discoloration

What is being done to prevent meat spoilage?

Have there been large scale spoilage outbreaks?

In the fast food or restaurant industry?

Find and document an article that discusses Meat Spoilage

Type a ONE PAGE summary of the article Include the TITLE, DATE PUBLISHED, &

AUTHOR!

How to Judge Meat Cuts

Observe and Rank According to: Highest amount of lean meat Least amount of exterior fat

Highest content of intramuscular fat or “Marbling”

vs

vs

G. Judge a class of meat cuts

I PLACE THIS CLASS:\

______ - ______ - ______ - _____Reasons:

1st PlaceI place #4 at the top of the class because: It has

the most meat and marbling, with the least amount of fat

  2nd Place#3 places 2nd because: It has a good amount of

meat, but slightly less marbling and more fat than #4.

  3rd Place#1 places 3rd because: It has less meat and much

less marbling than #3 and #4.  4th Place#2 places last because: It has the least amount of

meat and the most fat. 

23 14

Official Cuts: 3 - 6 - 3

Place a class of pork chops

Official Placing 4 – 1 – 3 – 2Official Cuts 4 – 6 – 3

FFA Application:Meat Evaluation and Technology

•Meat Cut ID•Written Test

•Quality and Yield Grading•Carcass placing•Team Activity