Measuring IPv6 Adop3on Jakub Czyz, University of Michigan Mark Allman, Interna=onal Computer Science Ins=tute Jing Zhang, University of Michigan ScoA IekelJohnson, Arbor Networks Eric Osterweil, Verisign Labs Michael Bailey, University of Michigan and University of Illinois SIGCOMM 2014 Chicago, IL, USA August 1722, 2014
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Measuring IPv6 Adop3on
Jakub Czyz, University of Michigan Mark Allman, Interna=onal Computer Science Ins=tute
Jing Zhang, University of Michigan ScoA Iekel-‐Johnson, Arbor Networks
Eric Osterweil, Verisign Labs Michael Bailey, University of Michigan and University of Illinois
• Internet con=nues growing • IPv4 space shrinking… • IPv4 exhaus=on events:
– IANA: February 2011 – Asia/Pacific: April 2011 – Europe: September 2012 – La=n America: June 2014
• IPv6 Community Flag Days – 2011 & 2012
Total Free IPv4 /8 At Registries
IANA Exhaus=on
Our Study
• Goal: a systemic “big picture” of IPv6 adop=on – Trading off depth for breadth – Are there cross-‐perspec=ve insights?
• Mul3-‐perspec3ve: 10 datasets • Mul3-‐year: 2-‐10 years • Mul3-‐aspect: 12 metrics • Findings: IPv6 adop3on – varies by where you measure (region) – varies by what you measure – recently made a qualita=ve jump
• New Datasets: – Traffic: Arbor Networks global traffic – Naming: Verisign .com/.net queries via IPv4, via IPv6 – Content: Tes=ng data of Alexa top-‐10K sites
SIGCOMM’14 Measuring IPv6 Adop=on – Czyz et al. 4
Metrics Prerequisite IP Func3ons • Address Alloca=on • Address Adver=sement • Topology • DNS Name servers • DNS Resolvers • DNS Queries • Server Readiness • Client Readiness
• Queries from .com/.net; IPv4 & IPv6 name servers – Five day-‐long packet samples over 2.5 years – IPv6 DNS users query similar domains as IPv4 – Query types are converging over this =me period:
Server Readiness: Alexa Top Domain Reachability
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
2011-06 2011-12 2012-06 2012-12 2013-06 2013-12
Frac
tion
of A
lexa
Top
10K
AAAA LookupsReachability
Measuring IPv6 Adop=on – Czyz et al. 9 SIGCOMM’14
IPv6 World Day IPv6 Launch Day
Client Readiness: visitors to google.com
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Frac
tion
Clie
nts
Usi
ng IP
v6
Measuring IPv6 Adop=on – Czyz et al. 10 SIGCOMM’14
(Data method in Colir et al., 2010)
+151%
+147%
+61% -‐7% +43%
METRICS (OPERATIONAL)
SIGCOMM’14 Measuring IPv6 Adop=on – Czyz et al. 11
Global Traffic
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 0.0001
0.001
0.01
Traf
fic V
olum
e/C
usto
mer
(bps
)
Rat
io IP
v6/IP
v4
0.0064
IPv4 A (peak)IPv6 A (peak)
Ratio A (peaks)
IPv4 B (average)IPv6 B (average)
Ratio B (averages)
Measuring IPv6 Adop=on – Czyz et al. 12 SIGCOMM’14
• Arbor Networks global provider neslow data • 260 service providers (Dataset B) ~ 1/3 – 1/2 of all inter-‐AS traffic
+433% +470%
Applica3on Mix (% of IPv6)
Measuring IPv6 Adop=on – Czyz et al. 13 SIGCOMM’14
{ User content
IPv6 Transi3on Technologies (Teredo + 6to4)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Frac
tion
of n
on-n
ativ
e IP
v6
Internet Traffic AInternet Traffic B
Google Clients
Measuring IPv6 Adop=on – Czyz et al. 14 SIGCOMM’14
Mostly Transi3on
Mostly Na3ve
CONCLUSIONS
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Conclusion 1: Regions Differ
1e-05
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
Address(A1) Routing(T1) Traffic(U1)
AFRINICAPNIC
ARINLACNIC
RIPENCC
Measuring IPv6 Adop=on – Czyz et al. 16 SIGCOMM’14
IPv6 / IPv4 Ra=
o
} Large Inter-‐Region Differences
Large Intra-‐Region (Cross-‐Metric) Differences
E.g. ARIN last place in alloca3on, first in traffic.
Conclusion 2: Perspec3ve Magers
Measuring IPv6 Adop=on – Czyz et al. 17 SIGCOMM’14
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
IPv6
/ IP
v4 R
atio
A1 (allocation - monthly)
A1 (allocation - cumulative)
A2 (advertisement)
R2 (Google clients)
U1 (traffic - A.peaks)
U1 (traffic - B.averages)
N1 (.com NS)
T1 (topology)
P1 (performance)
2-‐3 order of magnitude difference
Conclusion 3: IPv6 is Real!
Measuring IPv6 Adop=on – Czyz et al. 18 SIGCOMM’14
ß 20x growth!
ß 15x growth!
ß Traffic Flipped
ß Nearly on-‐par
Thank You!
Ques=ons?
SIGCOMM’14 Measuring IPv6 Adop=on – Czyz et al. 19
BACKUP SLIDES
Measuring IPv6 Adop=on – Czyz et al. 20 SIGCOMM’14
Internet Devices and Users Con3nue to Increase
SIGCOMM’14 Measuring IPv6 Adop=on – Czyz et al. 21
Dataset Summary
Measuring IPv6 Adop=on – Czyz et al. 22 SIGCOMM’14