Measuring Digital Trade in the U.S. Overview of activities at the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis UNCTAD E-Commerce Week – April 16, 2018
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Measuring Digital Trade in the
U.S.Overview of activities at the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
UNCTAD E-Commerce Week – April 16, 2018
Roadmap
• Current data
• New initiative
• Related work
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Current data: ICT services
ICT services
Those services used to facilitate information processing and communication. Includes:
• Telecommunications services
• Computer services
• Charges for the use of intellectual property associated with computer software
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Current data: ICT-enabled services trade
ICT-enabled services
“Services that are delivered remotely over information and communications technologies networks” and “include activities that can be specified, performed, delivered, evaluated and consumed electronically.” (UNCTAD)
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Current data: Potentially ICT-enabled services
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PICTE services
Services that can predominantly be delivered remotely over ICT networks
• PICTE services are a subset of services which are actually delivered via ICT networks.
• No certainty that PICTE services trade actually occurred electronically
• Collected by U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
• Follows UNCTAD methodology
Current data: ICT and PICTE services trade
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Total services
Maintenance and repair services n.i.e.
Transport
Travel (for all purposes including education)
Insurance services
Financial services
Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e.
Industrial processes
Computer software
Trademarks
Franchise fees
Audio-visual and related products
Other intellectual property
Telecommunications, computer, and information services
Telecommunications services
Computer services
Information services
Other business services
Research and development services
Professional and management consulting services
Technical, trade-related, and other business services
Architectural and engineering services
Construction
Industrial engineering
Mining
Operating leasing services
Trade-related services
Sports and performing arts
Training services
Other business services n.i.e.
Government goods and services n.i.e.
ICT services
PICTE services
Current data: U.S. services trade breakout
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Current data: Estimates of PICTE services trade
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LegendOther PICTE – PICTE services within other business servicesIP charges – Charges for the use of intellectual propertyFinancial – Financial servicesTCI service – Telecommunications, computer, and information servicesInsurance – Insurance services
Current data: Estimates of PICTE services trade
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Current data: Exploratory estimates on mode of supply
Ranking by mode of services supplied and received by the
United States:
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1. Mode 3 – commercial presence 2. Mode 1 – cross-border supply3. Mode 2 – consumption abroad4. Mode 4 – presence of natural persons
Data are exploratory and do not represent officialstatistics of the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
New initiative: Remotely delivered services
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New initiative: Remotely delivered services
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New initiative: Remotely delivered services
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New initiative: Remotely delivered services
Related work: Preliminary digital economy estimates
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The digital economy includes:
1. Digital-enabling infrastructure: the goods and services needed for an interconnected computer network to exist and operate.
• Hardware
• Software
• Telecommunications equipment and services
• Structures
• The Internet of Things (IoT)
• Support services
2. E-commerce: the digital transactions that take place using that system.• Business-to-business
• Business-to-consumer
• Peer-to-peer (“sharing” economy)
3. Digital media: the content that digital economy users create and access.• Direct sale/subscriptions
• Free (often supported by advertising or marketing revenue)
• Big data
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Related work: Preliminary digital economy estimates
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The digital economy includes:
1. Digital-enabling infrastructure: the goods and services needed for an interconnected computer network to exist and operate.
• Hardware
• Software
• Telecommunications equipment and services
• Structures
• The Internet of Things (IoT)
• Support services
2. E-commerce: the digital transactions that take place using that system.• Business-to-business
• Business-to-consumer
• Peer-to-peer (“sharing” economy)
3. Digital media: the content that digital economy users create and access.• Direct sale/subscriptions
• Free (often supported by advertising or marketing revenue)
• Big data
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Related work: Preliminary digital economy estimates
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0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
Arts, entertainment, and recreation
Educational services
Mining
Utilities
Management of companies and enterprises
Other services, except government
Accommodation and food services
Transportation and warehousing
Administrative and waste management services
Construction
Information
Retail trade
Wholesale trade
Digital economy
Professional, scientific, and technical services
Health care and social assistance
Finance and insurance
Manufacturing
Government
Real estate and rental and leasing
U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
Digital economy and industry share of total gross domestic product, 2016Digital economy was 6.5% ($1,209.2 billion) of total GDP in 2016.
From 2006 to 2016, real value added for the digital economy grew at an average annual rate of 5.6 percent, outpacing the average annual rate of growth for the overall economy of 1.5 percent.
Related work: E-commerce statistics
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• Meeting with groups such as Retail Trade Federation to refine definition of e-commerce and keep statistics relevant.
• Looking into the possibility of using NPD data to supplement survey data. Covers more than 20 industries, with unique information assets, based on:o Actual point-of-sale (POS) data from retailers, distributors, and
foodservice operatorso More than 1,300 retailers, including both e-commerce and brick-and-
mortaro Millions of receipts through all channelso More than 12 million consumer surveys annually
• Participating in international working groups through WCO, OECD, and others.
Contact information
Jessica R. Nicholson
Senior Economist
Bureau of Economic Analysis
+1 (301) 278-9171
Special thanks to my BEA colleagues:
Alexis Grimm, Michael Mann, and Kristy Howell.
Thank you!
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References
• International Trade in ICT Services and ICT-Enabled Services, UNCTAD, October 2015, http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/tn_unctad_ict4d03_en.pdf.
• Grimm, Trends in U.S. Trade in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and ICT-Enabled Services, Bureau of Economic Analysis, May 2016,https://www.bea.gov/scb/pdf/2016/05%20May/0516_trends_%20in_us_trade_in_ict_serivces2.pdf.
• International Data, Bureau of Economic Analysis, https://bea.gov/iTable/index_ita.cfm.• BE-120 Benchmark Survey of Transactions in Selected Services and Intellectual Property
with Foreign Persons, Bureau of Economic Analysis, https://www.bea.gov/surveys/respondent-be120.htm.
• Allen and Grimm, U.S. International Services, Trade in Services in 2016 and Services Supplied by Affiliates in 2015, Bureau of Economic Analysis, October 2017, https://bea.gov/scb/pdf/2017/10-October/1017-international-services.pdf.
• Mann, Exploratory Estimates of U.S. International Services by Mode of Supply, Bureau of Economic Analysis, May 2017, https://bea.gov/papers/pdf/Exploratory-estimates-of-trade-in-services-by-mode-of-supply.pdf.
• Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services 2010, United Nations, 2012.
• Barefoot, Curtis, Jolliff, Nicholson, and Omohundro, Defining and Measuring the Digital Economy, Bureau of Economic Analysis, March 2018, https://bea.gov/digital-economy/_pdf/defining-and-measuring-the-digital-economy.pdf.
• E-Commerce Statistics (E-STATS), U.S. Census Bureau, https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/e-stats.html.
• About NPD, https://www.npd.com/wps/portal/npd/us/about-npd/.
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