MEASUREMENTS. Lecture # 1 MEASUREMENTS Why we do measurements? Measurements tell you if the part is worn or damaged Measurements tell you if the parts.

MEASUREMENTS

Lecture # 1

MEASUREMENTS

MEASUREMENTS

Why we do measurements? Measurements tell you if the part is worn or damaged

Measurements tell you if the parts are out of adjustment or out of specs and by how much.

Example:Measuring the bore or diameter of engine cylinder

Measuring System

1. Metric System(M.K.S)2. S.I System3. Imperial and USC ( United State Customary)

MEASUREMENTS

Measuring System Metric System

Meter(m) for lengthKilogram (Kg) for massSecond (s) for Time

Prefixes

Kilo means 1000Deci means 0.10 (one tenth)Centi (one hundredth)Milli means (one thousandth)

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Measuring System Metric System

Examples:

1Km = 1000m1Kg = 1000gm1Liter = 1000ml

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Measuring System SI System

The International System of Units (abbreviated SI from the French Système international d'unités) is the modern form of the metric system. It is the world's most widely used system of measurement, both in everyday commerce and in science

MEASUREMENTS

The SI was developed in 1960 from the old metre-kilogram-second system

Measuring System SI Prefixes

MEASUREMENTSSI prefixes

Prefix Symbol 10n Decimal Short scale

tera T 1012 1000000000000 Trillion

giga G 109 1000000000 Billion

mega M 106 1000000 Million

kilo k 103 1000 Thousand

hecto h 102 100 Hundred

deca da 101 10 Ten

deci d 10−1 0.1 Tenth

centi c 10−2 0.01 Hundredth

milli m 10−3 0.001 Thousandth

micro μ 10−6 0.000001 Millionth

nano n 10−9 0.000000001 Billionth

pico p 10−12 0.000000000001 Trillionth

SI prefixes

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu_(letter)

Measuring System USC (United State Customary)

Foot (F) for length Pound (lb) for weight

Second (s) Time

Conversion

12inches = 1 foot3feet = 1 yard1760 yards = 1mile16 ounces = 1 pound2000pounds = 1tons

MEASUREMENTS

Tools and Measurement BasicsAutomotive repairs require the use of a variety of tools and measuring instruments.

These tools are manufactured for use in a particular way, and accurate work and safety can only be assured if they are used correctly.

MEASUREMENTS

MEASUREMENTS

Basic concept for using tools and measuring instruments:

1. Learn the correct uses and functions:Learn the correct uses and functions of each tool and measuring instrument. If used for any purpose other than that specified, the tool or measuring instrument damaged, and parts may be damaged or the quality of the job may be compromised.

2. Learn the correct way to use the instruments:Each tool and measuring instrument has defined operation procedures. Make sure to correctly apply tools against workpieces, apply correct force to the tools, and adopt the proper work postures.

3. Select correctly:There are various tools available for loosening bolts, depending on the size, position and other criteria. Always choose your tools to fit the shape of the part and the place in which the job is being carried out.


4.Try to keep organizedTools and measuring instruments should be positioned so that they can be accessed easily when needed, and replaced in their correct locations once used.

5. Strict adherence to upkeep and management of tools.Tools should be cleaned and where necessary oiled as soon as they have been used. Any necessary repairs should be carried out immediately, so that tools are always in perfect condition.

MEASUREMENTS

Basic concept for using tools and measuring instruments:Points to check before measurement:

1. Clean the part to be measured and the measuringinstrumentWaste products or oil can lead to errors in measurement values. Surfaces should be cleaned before measuring.

2. Choose a suitable measuring instrumentSelect the measuring instrument according to the level of precision required. Bad example: Using a vernier caliper to measure the outer diameter of a piston.

Measuring precision:0.05mmRequired precision:0.01mm

MEASUREMENTS


3. Calibrate zeroCheck that zero is aligned to its correct position. Zero is the basis for correct measurement.

4. Maintenance of measuring instrumentMaintenance and recalibration should be carried out regularly. Do not use if broken.

Points to check before measurement:

MEASUREMENTS


MEASUREMENTS

Points to be observed when measuring:

1. Fit the measuring Instrument to the part to be measured at a right angle.Achieve a right angle by pressing the measuring Instrument while moving it against the part to be measured. (For details, refer to individual instructions for measuring Instruments.)

2. Use an appropriate range.When measuring voltage or current, begin with a high range and adjust downwards. The measurement value should be read from a dial that is suitable for the range.

3. When reading the measurement valueMake sure your eye level is at a right angle to the dial and pointer.


MEASUREMENTS

Points to be observed when measuring:

1. Fit the measuring Instrument to the part to be measured at a right angle.Achieve a right angle by pressing the measuring Instrument while moving it against the part to be measured. (For details, refer to individual instructions for measuring Instruments.)

2. Use an appropriate range.When measuring voltage or current, begin with a high range and adjust downwards. The measurement value should be read from a dial that is suitable for the range.

3. When reading the measurement valueMake sure your eye level is at a right angle to the dial and pointer.


MEASUREMENTS

NOTICE:1. Do not drop or strike, otherwise apply impact. These tools areprecision instruments, and may damage the inside parts forconstruction.

2. Avoid using or storing in high temperatures or at highhumidity. Errors in measurement values may occur from useat high temperature or humidity. The tool itself may deform ifsubjected to high temperatures.

3. Clean the tool after use, and put it away in its originalcondition. Put the tool away only after it has been cleaned ofoil or waste products. All tools used must be returned in theiroriginal condition, and any equipment with a dedicated casemust be put away in its case. Measuring tools must be storedin a defined place. If tools are to be stored for a long term,apply rust protection oil where necessary, and removebatteries.

Measuring Instruments• Steel Scale

• Inside and outside caliper

• Vernier Caliper

• Micrometer

• Dial Gauge

• Feeler Gauge

• Plasti Gauge

• Wire Gauge

• Multimeter

MEASUREMENTS

Measuring tools

Steel scaleNot accurate enough for most of the automotive work

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MEASUREMENTS

Measuring tools

Inside CaliperThe inside calipers are used to

measure the internal size of an object.

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Outside CaliperOutside calipers are used to

measure the external size of an object.

MEASUREMENTS

Lecture # 2

MEASUREMENTS

• Vernier Caliper

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Vernier Calipers can measure length, outside diameter, inside diameter and depth.

MEASUREMENTSMeasuring tools

• Vernier Caliper

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1. Inside diameter of measuring jaws2. Outside diameter of measuring jaws3. Stop screw4. Vernier scale5. Main scale6. Depth measurement7. Depth rod


PARTS

• Vernier Caliper

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Examples of use1. Length measurement 2. Inside diameter measurement 3. Outside diameter measurement 4. Depth measurement


• Vernier Caliper

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Reading measurement


Read the main measuring scale, positioned to the left of the vernier 'zero'. Example A ) 45(mm)STEP1

• Vernier Caliper

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Reading measurement


Read the point, which the scale on the vernier and main measuring scale become aligned.e.g.) 0.25(mm)

STEP2

• Vernier Caliper

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Reading measurement


A+B e.g.) 45+0.25=45.25(mm)

STEP3

Lecture # 3

MEASUREMENTS

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MicrometerApplication Measures the external diameter / thickness of a part by calculating the proportionate rotation of the spindle in the shank direction.


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Micrometer Measuring (1) Apply the anvil against the item to be

measured, and rotate the thimble until the spindle is touching the item gently.

(2) Once the spindle touches gently the item to be measured, turn the ratcher stopper a few times and read the measurement.

(3) The ratcher stopper unifies the pressure applied by the spindle, so when this pressure goes above the specified level it idles.

NOTICE: 1. The micrometer should be fixed on

a stand when measuring small parts.

2. Search for the position at which the correct diameter can be measured, by moving the micrometer.


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Micrometer


Read the largest value, which is visible on the scale of sleeve. e.g.) A 55.5(mm)

1. Sleeve2. Thimble3. 1mm increments4. Base line on the sleeve5. 0.5mm increments

STEP1:

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Micrometer


Read the point, which the scale on the thimble and the scale on the sleeve become aligned.e.g.) B 0.45(mm)


STEP2:

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Micrometer


A+Be.g.) 55.5+0.45=55.95(mm)


STEP3:

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• Inside micrometer


Lecture # 4

MEASUREMENTS

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• Dial Gauge


Application The up- down movement of the suspended measuring tip is converted into revolutions of long and short pointers. Used for measuring deviation or bends in shafts, and surface oscillation of flanges, etc.

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• Dial Gauge


Application Types of suspended measuring tip

Long type: used to measure parts in a confined space

Roller type: used to measure convex / concave patterns of tires etc.

Seesaw type: used to measure parts that the pendulum cannot touch directly (vertical deviation of companion flanges)

Flat plate type: used for measuring piston protrusion, etc.

1. Long pointer (0.01mm / dial increment) .2. Short pointer (1mm / dial increment) .3. Dial face (Rotate to set indication to zero).4. Spindle .5. Suspended measuring tip.

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• Dial Gauge


Instructions 1. Measuring

(1)Always use positioned on a magnetic stand. Adjust the dial gauge position and the item being measured, and set the pendulum so that it is at the center of its range of movement.

(2)Rotate the item being measured, and read the deviation of the pointers.

2. Reading measurement value The dial shows a movement of 7 increments. Deviation range: 0.07mm

1. Long pointer (0.01mm / dial increment) .2. Short pointer (1mm / dial increment) .3. Dial face (Rotate to set indication to zero).4. Spindle .5. Suspended measuring tip.

Feeler Gauges A feeler gauge is a simple tool used

to measure gap widths

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•Feeler gauges are mostly used in engineering to measure the clearance between two parts.

Measuring toolsMEASUREMENTS

Feeler Gauges

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NOTICE:

(1) To avoid bending or damaging the tip of the gauge, do not force the gauge into the area to be measured.

(2) Before putting the blades, away, clean the surfaces and apply oil to prevent them from rusting.


Spark Plug Gap Gauge Application

Used for measuring and adjusting the spark plug gap.

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Each wires with different thickness are used for measuring the spark plug gap.

The ground electrode is bent by placing it in the groove of the gauge in order to adjust the gap.


1.Gauge 2.Adjustment plates 3.Spark plug gap

Spark Plug Gap Gauge • Adjustment

Place the cut-out portion of the adjustment plate over the ground electrode of the spark plug, and bend the electrode to adjust. Do not interfere with the insulation or the center electrode.

1. Ground electrode 2. Center electrode3. Insulation 4. Adjustment plate

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Lecture # 5

MEASUREMENTS

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• Plasti Gauge

ApplicationUsed for measuring the oil clearance of the areas that are tightened with caps, such as the crankshaft journals and crankshaft pins


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• Plasti Gauge

1. Plastigage2. Torque wrench3. The widest portion of the Plastigage4. Crank shaft5. Connecting rod bearing6. Connecting rod cap7. Connecting rod8. Oil clearance


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• Plasti Gauge

Plastigage is made of soft plastic, and comes in three colors, eachindicating a different thickness

Clearance measurement ranges:Green: 0.025 ~ 0.076mmRed: 0.051 ~ 0.152mmBlue: 0.102 ~ 0.229mm


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• Plasti GaugeInstructions(1) Clean the crankshaft pin and the bearing.

(2) Cut the plastigauge sleeve with plastigauge to match the width of the bearing.

(3) Place the plastigauge on the crankshaft pin as shown.

(4) Place the bearing cap over the crankshaft pin and tighten it at the specified torque. Do not turn the crankshaft.

(5) Remove the bearing cap and use the scale on the plastigauge sleeve to determine the thickness of the flattened plastigauge. Measure the thickness at the widest portion of the plastigauge.


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MultimeterA multimeter or a multitester, also known as a volt/ohm meter or VOM, is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions in one unit.

A typical multimeter may include features such as the ability to measure voltage, current and resistance.


MEASUREMENTS. Lecture # 1 MEASUREMENTS Why we do measurements? Measurements tell you if the part is worn or damaged Measurements tell you if the parts.

Documents

system slide

measuring system si

system of measurement

damaged measurements

variety of tools

management of tools

organized tools

tons measurements