Measurement While Drilling (MWD) Geohazards Forum 2016 Knoxville, TN Benjamin S. Rivers, PE Geotechnical Engineer FHWA – Resource Center August 8, 2016
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Measurement While Drilling (MWD)Geohazards Forum 2016
Knoxville, TN
Benjamin S. Rivers, PE
Geotechnical Engineer
FHWA – Resource Center
August 8, 2016
Topics
BackgroundOverview of several studies and case example:• Gui, Soga, Bolton, and Hamelin – 2002
“Instrumented Borehole Drilling for Subsurface Investigation”• Laudanski, Reiffsteck, and Benoit, – 2013
“Experimental Study of Drilling Parameters Using a Test Embankment”
• US 281 – FM 1604 Interchange, San Antonio, TX• Florida DOT and UF: David Horhota (PM), Mike McVay (PI) – 2016
“Drilled Shaft Resistance Based on Diameter, Torque and Crowd”Take-AwaysThoughts on Future Work
Special Thanks
Elizabeth Smith, Senior Principal, Terracon“Multi-Faceted Site Investigation in Karst Terrain for Foundation Design” – TRB 2015
Measurement While Drilling (MWD) - Background
AKA – Diagraphy Drilling, Instrumented Drilling, Use of Drilling Parameters
Predominantly used with rotary-percussive, air-rotary and rotary-wash drilling
ACIP Piles - Use many of the same drilling measurements
Often used in conjunction with LWD – Logging While Drilling (down-hole geophysics) in the Oil/Gas/Mining Industries.
Background - Measurements
Measured and Recorded while Drilling:• Fluid Pressure• Torque• Rotation Speed• Thrust-on-bit (i.e. Down-thrust, Down-
Pressure, Crowd)• Hold-Back• Penetration Depth• Time• Drilling-Speed (reciprocal of time)
Approximate Timeline of MWD
Oil & Gas Industry
Deep, Off-Shore Drilling
Mining Industry
Tunneling and Grouting Operations
Directional Drilling, Trenchless Technology
Geotechnical (Emerging)
Literature50s to 80s
Late 90s
Early 2000s
Mid 2000s
Early 2010s
Gui et al. 2002
Evaluated MWD using ENPASOL system
Kennington Park, London, UK
From Gui et al. 2002
From Gui et al. 2002
v = Vd/(dD)
f = W’/(Tq/D)
easy = -v/f
hard = 1/easy
E = logv/logf
From Laudanski et al. 2013Looked at…• Multiple bit types & CFA• Rotary and
Rotopercussion• Test Embankment with
multiple materials• Compound Parameters• Comparison with some
insitu tests
From Laudanski et al. 2013Comparison of normalized energy En with different tools.
From Laudanski et al. 2013 (Cont’d)Comparison of normalized energy En with different tools.
US 281 – FM 1604 Interchange
Project in San Antonio, TX
Geology – Edwards Limestone
Known karst habitat within ½ mile radius of the interchange
From Smith 2015
From McVay et al. – 2016
Related Drillability Strength, Ds, (Karasawa 2002) and Specific Energy (Teale 1965) to Unconfined Compressive Strength –Note: Plot Shown is controlled lab tests with Synthetic Limestone
Ds = 64NT2/Fud3
N, Rotation SpeedT, TorqueF, Crowdu, Penetration Rated, bit diameter
From McVay et al. –2016
Estimated strengths from field MWD “Monitoring Strengths” and unconfined compressive strengths from core specimens.
Take-Aways
Standardized in Europe - ISO/DIS 22476-15.2 – (Balloting Process)
Most Basically, MWD provides…• Continuous quantitative drilling record• Means to assess site variability• QA value
Take-Aways (Cont’d)
Immediate Applications• Karst Features• Detecting Boulders, Lenses, Bedrock Interfaces• Characterization of Piedmont Residuum and PWR• Stratification and material identification
Potential Future Work
Understanding interdependencies while maintaining production:• Between drilling parameters• Bit types and size• Drilling methods
Correlations to engineering index parameters
Thanks!
Questions?
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