MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS Liquid Ultrasonic Flow … Flow Measurement School Lafayette, LA April 17- 18, 2007 RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM Liquid Ultrasonic Flow Meters …

Acadiana Flow Measurement SchoolLafayette, LAApril 17- 18, 2007

RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM

Liquid UltrasonicFlow Meters

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Liquid Ultrasonic Meter with Integral TransmitterLiquid Ultrasonic Meter with Integral Transmitter

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


TransTrans--Alaska PipelineAlaska PipelineFirst Multi-path Ultrasonic Flow Meters for Liquid Petroleum Measurement

Application: Line Balance

Pipeline Length: ~ 800 miles

Number of Meters: 23

Size: 48 inch

Rate: ~ 100,000 BPH

Date Installed: 1976

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Creating Ultrasonic Sound Creating Ultrasonic Sound Piezoelectric Phenomenon

Crystal Rings to Produce Ultrasound – 0.5 to 2 MHz

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

3.20E-05 3.30E-05 3.40E-05 3.50E-05 3.60E-05 3.70E-05 3.80E-05 3.90E-05 4.00E-05

Voltage+

-

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Sound Wave Converted to Voltage

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

3.20E-05 3.30E-05 3.40E-05 3.50E-05 3.60E-05 3.70E-05 3.80E-05 3.90E-05 4.00E-05Voltage

Sound

+

-

Sensing Ultrasonic SoundSensing Ultrasonic SoundPiezoelectric Phenomenon

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


TransitTransit Time FlowmetersTime Flowmeters

Tup = L/(C-V cosθ)

Tdown = L/(C+V cosθ)

Where: L = Path LengthC = Speed of Sound in the fluidθ = Angle of sound path to the pipe axisV = Average velocity along the pipe axis

The solution for fluid velocity is independent of the speed of sound (C)

θ2cos )T(TLV

du •

• ∆Τ=

Tup

Tdown

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


PP11PP22PP33PP44

Differential Transit TimeDifferential Transit Time

Spool

Signal Processing unit

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


WettedWetted Transducers Transducers –– No RefractionNo Refraction

Caldon LEFM 240C

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


AccousticAccoustic Transducer Housings and RTDTransducer Housings and RTDCaldon LEFM 240C

Transducer Housings

RTD Temperature Probe

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


AccousticAccoustic Transducer AssemblyTransducer Assembly

Spacer Spring

Transducer HousingCompression Nut

Weld

Transducer

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Chordal Acoustic Paths and Flow ProfileChordal Acoustic Paths and Flow Profile

( ) φCosTTTPathLengthPnV

downup •∆•

=2

)(

Velocity of Each Path

AVkQ ii

bi •= ∑=

4

1

Integration into a Flow Measurement60-70 times per second

P1

P2

P3

P4

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Frequency Generator

Pulse FormationPulse Formation

AVkQ ii

bi •= ∑=

4

1

1/60 Sec

1/60 Sec

1/60 Sec

1/60 Sec

Continuous Pulse Output

1/60 Sec

1/60 Sec

1/60 Sec

1/60 Sec

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Transmitter(Signal Processing Unit)

Power: 24 Vdc, 120 Vac, 240 Vac

3 Pulse Channels: 0 – 5 V

Serial: ModBus RTU Up to 4 Analogs

Out:Flow Rate

DensityTemperature

Viscosity

Flow

Up to 3 Analogs In:Temperature

PressureDensity

Transmitter (Signal Processing Unit) Transmitter (Signal Processing Unit) Inputs and Output

Interconnect Cables

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Meter PricesMeter Prices

Exp

ense

($)

Increasing uncertainty

Cost of metering system

Financial exposure

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Meter Measurement UncertaintyMeter Measurement Uncertainty

Application Typical Uncertainty

Line Balance or Check Metering +/- 0.3 to 0.5%

Custody Transfer +/- 0.15 to 0.25%

Master Meter +/- 0.1 to 0.12%

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


TwoTwo--Path MeterPath MeterLine Balance and Check Metering

Major CharacteristicsStabilityReproducibilityReliabilityBidirectional Flow Economy

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


FourFour--Path MeterPath MeterCustody Transfer Measurement

Major CharacteristicsPrecision Accuracy LinearityStabilityBidirectional FlowProvability

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


EightEight--Path MeterPath MeterPremium Custody Transfer and Master Meter Measurement

Major CharacteristicsPremium Accuracy Immune to Installation Effects Total RedundancyBidirectional FlowMaster Meter

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Meter Installation and Flow Conditioning Meter Installation and Flow Conditioning

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Horizontal Meter Orientation Horizontal Meter Orientation

Avoids: Gas Interference at the Top of the Pipe Particles/Water at the bottom of the Pipe

Horizontal Acoustic Paths

Gas

Water/particles

ChordalPaths

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Proving Ultrasonic Flow Meters Proving Ultrasonic Flow Meters

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Theory of Proving Theory of Proving Flow

Known Volume

Meter Displacer Detectors

• Pipe/Displacer/Detectors

• Known volume (undisputed)

• 1st Mile long prover in USA 1958

• Modern provers

– Bidirectional– Unidirectional– Small Volume

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Theory of Proving

Comparison of the Meter’s Registration and to a Known Volume (Standard) to Determine a Meter Factor

The Comparison is Made Several Times and the Repeatability Measured

The Conditions at the Time are Recorded

The Process is Called Proving

)()(

metervolumeindicatedprovervolumeactualFactorMeter =

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Repeatability of Ultrasonic Flow MetersRepeatability of Ultrasonic Flow Meters

Vortices formed by viscous shear Against the pipe wall

Standard Deviation of Transit Time Measurement Between 1% and 2%

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


API Chapter 4.8, Appendix A

Proving Runs

Repeatability Limit

Meter Factor Uncertainty

3 0.02 2.7/10,000

4 0.03 2.7/10,000

5 0.05 2.7/10,000

6 0.06 2.7/10,000

7 0.08 2.7/10,000

8 0.09 2.7/10,000

9 0.10 2.7/10,000

10 0.12 2.7/10,000

11 0.13 2.7/10,000

12 0.14 2.7/10,000

13 0.15 2.7/10,000

14 0.16 2.7/10,000

15 0.17 2.7/10,000

16 0.18 2.7/10,000

17 0.19 2.7/10,000

18 0.20 2.7/10,000

19 0.21 2.7/10,000

20 0.22 2.7/10,000

Repeatability of Proving RunsRepeatability of Proving Runs

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Prover Size and Proving RepeatabilityProver Size and Proving Repeatability

Prover Volume vs Meter Size

5 Runs 0.05% 8 Runs 0.09% 10 Runs 0.12% 15 Runs 0.17%

Prover Size (bbl)4 33 15 10 6

6 73 34 22 14

8 130 60 40 25

10 203 94 62 39

12 293 135 89 56

14 399 184 121 77

16 521 241 158 100

Meter Size (in.)

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Prover Size and Repeatability Prover Size and Repeatability –– Small Volume ProversSmall Volume Provers

Proving Runs and Passes per Run5 Runs, 1 Pass per Run

5 Runs, 5 Passes per Run


10 Runs, 1 Pass per Run



MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Small Volume Prover Small Volume Prover Proving ReportProving Report

3 Passes per Run,

5 Runs Repeat within

0.05%

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Manufactured Pulses Delay and Dampening

Fundamental Pulse Delay or Sampling Period (PD)Dampening Filter Time Constant (DT)Proving Run Time (PT)Flow Rate Change (%) during the Prove Run (RC)

Time

PDDT DT DT

PT

Flow

R

ate

RC

Erroneous Indication of

Volume due to PD and DT

PTDTPDRCError )((%) +

≤

Example:

.5%(0.020+0.100)/0.500 = 1.2% Error

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Meter CharacterizationMeter Characterization

Improves meter accuracy by compensating for non-linearity of raw Meter Factor for varying Reynolds Number (Re)

Meter is calibrated in a laboratory on liquids and flow rates that most closely match the application Re

Because the meter directly measures the flow rate and viscosity, it knows the current Re and make the appropriate correction

νQDRe =

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


OIML Specification OIML Specification –– R117 LinearityR117 Linearity

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


OIML Specification OIML Specification –– R117 Linearity R117 Linearity

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


API Chapter 5.8API Chapter 5.8

Recommend Practices for the Custody Transfer Measurement of

Liquid Petroleum

Recommend Practices for the Custody Transfer Measurement of

Liquid Petroleum

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Meter Calibration versus In-situ Proving

API MPMS Chapter 5.8

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


White Rose FPSO Meters at SPSE, FranceWhite Rose FPSO Meters at SPSE, France

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Husky Oil – Crude Oil Metering System - White Rose FPSO

Measurement System Measurement System -- Master MeterMaster Meter

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


International Organization for International Organization for Legal Metrology Legal Metrology

OIML R 117A Series of Tests to Insure Operation and Performance Suitable for Custody Transfer Measurement

OIML R 117A Series of Tests to Insure Operation and Performance Suitable for Custody Transfer Measurement

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


OIML Performance Specification OIML Performance Specification –– R117R117

Additional Requirements:

• Sealing and Password Protection

• Dry Heat

• Power Voltage Variations

• Short Time Power Reductions

• Electrostatic Bursts

• Electromagnetic Susceptibility

• Tampering

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Certification by a third Party (NMi) that the Meter Meets the Requirements

Certification by a third Party (NMi) that the Meter Meets the Requirements

LEFM 240C

LEFM 220C

OIML ROIML R--117 Certification117 Certification

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Advantages of Ultrasonic Flow MetersAdvantages of Ultrasonic Flow Meters• Simplicity of Measurement System

– Large Size Meters – Smaller Systems – Fewer Components

• Reduced Cost of Measurement & Ownership– No Wearing Parts– Low ΔP– Less Proving

• Multi-property Measurement– Density– Viscosity– Temperature– VOS– Diagnostics, etc.

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


In a NutshellValue of Ultrasonic Meters

• Simplest Measurement Solution

• Lowest Cost – CAPEX & OPEX

• Not Just a Flow Meter

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS


Discussion, Discussion, Questions & AnswersQuestions & Answers

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS Liquid Ultrasonic Flow … Flow Measurement School Lafayette, LA April 17- 18, 2007 RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM Liquid Ultrasonic Flow Meters …

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