Measurement, Evaluation, Assessment and Statistics.

Measurement, Evaluation, Assessment and Statistics

Test and Measurement The heart of kinesiology. Why? Test – tool or instrument used to make a

measurement. Measurement – score on a test.

Quantitative and assigns a number to a performance. (qualitative?)

Evaluation and Assessment Eval – interpretation of the measurement.

Gives it meaning. Prescribe – correct any deficits. Assessment – the process of measure, eval,

identify and prescribe. Skills or health related measures.

WHY?

Reasons for Measurement and Evaluation Motivation

Study materialPractice skillsPrepare for post-test

DiagnosisAssess strengths and weaknessesDetermine baselineSkills vs fitness levelsPrescription

Assignment?

Reasons for Measurement and Evaluation cont… Classification

Group studentsHomogeneous vs heterogeneous Control intensity of exercise or knowledge

Achievement Progression of objectives and studentEffectiveness of programDetermine grades Subjective vs objective

Achievement?

Reasons for Measurement and Evaluation cont…

Evaluation Instruction and programCompare two groups or methods

Prediction Future performance

Research (systematic in-depth analysis of a question)

Determine grades Subjective vs objective

Objective vs Subjective?

Objective vs Subjective?

Statistics Organization and analysis of numerical

data. Simple arithmetic and algebra. Must follow the steps. Add, subtract, multiply and divide.

Statistics cont… Analyze and interpret data

Provides meaningful evaluation Interprets scores relative to one another

Understand researchProfessional journalsPractice their conclusionsEssential for your continued growth in the fieldDo not believe everything you read.

Statistics cont… Standardize scores

Units differ among testsStandardization allows comparison (SAT)

Determine worth of a testValidity and reliabilityContinuumConsider the appropriateness of a test

Appropriateness?

Appropriateness?

Distribution of Scores

Descriptive Stats

Data – result of the test or the scores. Variable – dependent characteristic or what you

are measuring. Population – all subjects. Sample – subgroup of the total population. Random sample – everyone has an equal

opportunity to be included.

Descriptive Stats cont…

Statistic – values from a sample. Descriptive – stats describe the sub-group only. Inferential – projections to a larger population. Discrete – whole numbers only. Continuous– broken down by decimal place.

Scales Nominal – code scoring with no quality

comparison between groups. Ordinal – rank scoring from highest to

lowest with no comparison of scores. Interval – no absolute zero but distance

between scores is measured. Ratio – absolute zero and measured

distance between scores.

Normal Distribution

Distribution cont… Bell shape – symmetrical and mirrored with

mean, median and mode all same. NEVER OCCURS!!

Skewed – tail determines the skew because mean is pulled.

Bimodal – two high points.

Rankage gender height weight accel strength attitude

1 41 1 170.18 68.18 1.14 133.63 52 38 1 170.18 95.45 1 127 43 35 2 152.4 53.64 1.78 76.67 24 34 1 177.8 74.55 0.99 134.09 15 34 2 162.56 63.64 1.19 112.59 56 33 2 165.1 59.09 1.29 87.07 37 32 1 177.8 84.09 1.23 148.74 48 32 1 177.8 95.45 1.14 195.24 19 32 2 162.56 65.91 1.17 120.94 510 31 1 180.34 81.82 1.42 151.83 2

Measures of Central Tendency

Fundamental Measures

Maximum and minimum Range Sum N

Data Setage gender height weight accel strength attitude

1 41 1 170.18 68.18 1.14 133.63 52 38 1 170.18 95.45 1 127 43 35 2 152.4 53.64 1.78 76.67 24 34 1 177.8 74.55 0.99 134.09 15 34 2 162.56 63.64 1.19 112.59 56 33 2 165.1 59.09 1.29 87.07 37 32 1 177.8 84.09 1.23 148.74 48 32 1 177.8 95.45 1.14 195.24 19 32 2 162.56 65.91 1.17 120.94 510 31 1 180.34 81.82 1.42 151.83 2

Mean

Arithmetic average Sum divided by the number of scores Most sensitive Considers all information Pulled away by extreme scores (outliers) Two decimal places

Data Setage gender height weight accel strength attitude

1 41 1 170.18 68.18 1.14 133.63 52 38 1 170.18 95.45 1 127 43 35 2 152.4 53.64 1.78 76.67 24 34 1 177.8 74.55 0.99 134.09 15 34 2 162.56 63.64 1.19 112.59 56 33 2 165.1 59.09 1.29 87.07 37 32 1 177.8 84.09 1.23 148.74 48 32 1 177.8 95.45 1.14 195.24 19 32 2 162.56 65.91 1.17 120.94 510 31 1 180.34 81.82 1.42 151.83 2

Median

Exact middle of scores. 50th percentile Not affected by outliers Position only Not used for stats Find half of N Odd scores will be middle Even will be average of two middle

Data Setage gender height weight accel strength attitude

1 41 1 170.18 68.18 1.14 133.63 52 38 1 170.18 95.45 1 127 43 35 2 152.4 53.64 1.78 76.67 24 34 1 177.8 74.55 0.99 134.09 15 34 2 162.56 63.64 1.19 112.59 56 33 2 165.1 59.09 1.29 87.07 37 32 1 177.8 84.09 1.23 148.74 48 32 1 177.8 95.45 1.14 195.24 19 32 2 162.56 65.91 1.17 120.94 510 31 1 180.34 81.82 1.42 151.83 2

Mode

Score that occurs most frequently May be bimodal May have no mode at all Least used stat Not affected by extreme scores

Data Setage gender height weight accel strength attitude

1 41 1 170.18 68.18 1.14 133.63 52 38 1 170.18 95.45 1 127 43 35 2 152.4 53.64 1.78 76.67 24 34 1 177.8 74.55 0.99 134.09 15 34 2 162.56 63.64 1.19 112.59 56 33 2 165.1 59.09 1.29 87.07 37 32 1 177.8 84.09 1.23 148.74 48 32 1 177.8 95.45 1.14 195.24 19 32 2 162.56 65.91 1.17 120.94 510 31 1 180.34 81.82 1.42 151.83 2

Quartiles

Divide scores into 4 equal parts Multiply N by .75 or .25 Find score or average two scores

Data Setage gender height weight accel strength attitude

1 41 1 170.18 68.18 1.14 133.63 52 38 1 170.18 95.45 1 127 43 35 2 152.4 53.64 1.78 76.67 24 34 1 177.8 74.55 0.99 134.09 15 34 2 162.56 63.64 1.19 112.59 56 33 2 165.1 59.09 1.29 87.07 37 32 1 177.8 84.09 1.23 148.74 48 32 1 177.8 95.45 1.14 195.24 19 32 2 162.56 65.91 1.17 120.94 510 31 1 180.34 81.82 1.42 151.83 2

Central Tendencyage gender height weight accel strength attitude

Mean 34.2 1.4 169.672 74.182 1.235 128.78 3.2Median 33.5 1 170.18 71.365 1.18 130.315 3.5Mode 32 1 177.8 95.45 1.14 #N/A 5SD 3.119829 0.516398 9.024053 14.63111 0.229456 33.63246 1.619328Variance 9.733333 0.266667 81.43353 214.0694 0.05265 1131.142 2.622222Range 10 1 27.94 41.81 0.79 118.57 4Minimum 31 1 152.4 53.64 0.99 76.67 1Maximum 41 2 180.34 95.45 1.78 195.24 5Sum 342 14 1696.72 741.82 12.35 1287.8 32Count 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Normal Bell Curve?