Mdg Presentation

CURRENT STATUS OF THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

An ArmsDown! campaign presentation.

The information and graphs featured in the following

presentation have been obtained from “The Millennium

Development Goals Report 2009.”

What are the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?

September 2000: World leaders came together at United

Nations Headquarters in New York to adopt the United

Nations Millennium Declaration and committed their

nations to a new global partnership to promote

development through a series of time-bound goals - with

a deadline of 2015.

In total, 8 goals were established, which have become

known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). 

What are the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?

The eight goals include:

1) Eradicate extreme hunger and poverty.

2) Achieve universal primary education.

3) Promote gender equality and empower women.

4) Reduce child mortality.

5) Improve maternal health.

6) Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases.

7) Ensure environmental stability.

8) Develop a global partnership for development.

Will the MDGs be met by 2015?

Despite the hard work by numerous organizations and

individuals striving to achieve the MDGs, it has become

clear that there remains immense obstacles to the goals

being achieved by 2015.

One major obstacle…

FUNDING

Military Spending vs. Development Spending

Throughout the years, funding for the MDGs has

remained stagnant and insufficient.

While at the same time…

Annual military spending on average has increased to a

2008 record high of…

USD $1.4 TRILLION.

The ArmsDown! campaign

In recognition of this disparity, the ArmsDown!

campaign has called on world governments to take

action:

Redirect 10% of military expenditure

for funding of the MDGs. 

The ArmsDown! campaign believes that this reallocation of funds will make up for the lack of past funding and progress of the MDGs and put the MDGs back on the road to achievement by 2015.

The ArmsDown! campaign

Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.

Extreme poverty = living on less than $1.25 a day.

More than one billion people live in extreme poverty.

The first goal of the MDGs aims to lessen the impact

poverty and hunger has on numerous regions of the world

by achieving three specific targets:

1) Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day.

2) Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people.

3) Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger.

Goal 1; Target 1: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day.

The following graph displays the percentage of

unemployed people living below $1.25 a day- 1990,

1999 and 2005.

By 2005, certain regions of the world experienced a substantial decrease of people living on less than $1.25 a day, whereas Sub-Saharan Africa witnessed only a small drop.

Despite the progress, in 2008, with the global economic meltdown, every region of the world experienced an increase of the number of people living below $1.25 a day.

Goal 1; Target 2: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people.

The following graph displays, per region, the output per

employed person in 1998 and 2008 (in US thousand

dollars).

In Sub-Saharan Africa, almost no change occurred during the ten year time period, with an output at $4,000 in 1998 compared to $5,000 in 2008.

Other regions, including Oceania, South Eastern Asia and Southern Asia achieved little or no growth during the ten-year time period.

Overall, the output of developing regions in 2008 ($11,000) remains significantly low compared to developed regions ($71,000).

Goal1; Target 3: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger.

The following graph presents the percentage of undernourished people, per region, during three time periods- 1990-1992, 2004-2006 and 2008.

By 2008, no region has halved the proportion of people who suffer from hunger, and in Oceania, the number has actually increased. Other regions, including Sub-Saharan Africa, have experienced an increase of malnourished people between 2006 and 2008 due to rising food prices.

As a whole, 17% of people from the developing regions of the world suffered from malnourishment in 2008, a small decrease from the 20% figure of 1990-1992.

Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education

Primary education = the four to five years of school when

the student is introduced to a set of studies in reading,

writing, and mathematics.

The second goal of the MDGs promotes development

through education with the desire to achieve the following

target:

Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls

alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary

schooling.

Goal 2; Target 1: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling.

The following graph displays the net enrolment

ratio in primary education- 2000 and 2007.

Progress has been made toward universal primary education- in the developing world as a whole 88% of children were enrolled in primary education in 2007 compared to 83% in 2000.

While the numbers are encouraging, the current trends are however moving too slowly to meet the 2015 target.

Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women.

In almost every region of the world, women continue to be

discriminated against and prevented from receiving equal

education and representation in the workforce.

The objective of the third goal of the MDGs is to reverse

this trend by achieving gender parity in all regions of the

world by achieving the following target:

Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary

education by no later than 2015.

Goal 3;Target 1: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education by no later than 2015.

The following graph displays the number of girls

per 100 boys who are enrolled in primary school

during the years1999 and 2007.

Progress has been made in every region of the world, mainly in Southern Asia, where in 2007, 95 girls per 100 boys were enrolled in primary school as compared to 1999 when the number was 84.

In the developing world as a whole, the number reached 95% in 2007, up from 91% in 1999.

Goal 4: Reduce child mortality.

Child mortality is the death of a child at the age of five or

younger.

Throughout the world, the tragedy surrounding the death of

a child has a severe impact on the family and its

community. The fourth MDG addresses this pressing issue

with one specific target:

Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-

five mortality rate.

Goal 4; Target 1: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate.

The following graph shows the under-five mortality

rate per 1,000 live births for the years 1990 and

2007.

For the developing world as a whole, in 1990 the number of child mortality rate was 103 deaths per 1,000 live births, in 2007 it was 74.

The under-five mortality rate has decreased, however, not one region has reached the goal of reducing the rate by two thirds. Sub-Saharan Africa, Southern Asia and Oceania have made the least amount of progress and remain significantly off target.

Goal 5: Improve maternal health.

Millions of women throughout the world have little or no

access to health care during their pregnancy, threatening

their life and the life of their un-born child.

The death of a mother during her pregnancy is an unjust

end to her life and a significant challenge to her family.

Therefore, the fifth goal of the MDGs continues to be

pursued by the global community with two targets in mind:

1) Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal morality ratio.

2) Achieve by 2015, universal access to reproductive health.

Goal 5; Target 1: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal morality ratio.

The following graph displays the maternal deaths per

100,000 live births in the years 1990 and 2005. 

• For In Sub-Saharan Africa, where half of all maternal deaths occur, there were 900 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in 2005, slightly down from the 920 figure in 1990.

In the developing world as a whole, there was a slight decrease in maternal deaths during a fifteen period with 450 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2005 opposed to the 480 figure in 1990.

Goal 5; Target 2: Achieve by 2015, universal access to reproductive health.

The following graph displays the percentage of

women, per region, who were attended four or

more times during pregnancy by skilled health

personnel- 2003 and 2008.  

The percentage of women who have received this amount of care is still less than 50% in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, where the overwhelming majority of maternal deaths occur.

Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis.

Preventable and curable diseases such as HIV/AIDS,

malaria and tuberculosis cause an untold amount of

suffering for millions of people each and every year.

The sixth goal of the MDGs provides various guidelines to

tackle this problem. The three targets of Goal 6 include:

1) Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS.

2) Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment of HIV/AIDS for all those who need it.

3) Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases.

Goal 6; Target 1: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS.

The following graph displays the number of people living

with HIV, the number of people newly infected with HIV,

and the number of deaths due to AIDS, between the years

1990 and 2007.

The number of people newly infected with HIV peaked in 1996 and has since declined to 2.7 million in 2007.

The number of AIDS deaths peaked in 2005 at 2.2 million and has declined to 2 million in 2007.

The number of people living with HIV worldwide continue to grow, largely due to the longer survival rate of HIV infected persons.

Goal 6; Target 2: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment of HIV/AIDS for all those who need it.

-In a five years time, coverage of antiretroviral treatment in

developing countries increased tenfold.

-By 2007, 3 million people in the developing world had

access to antiretroviral drugs, a 47 percent increase from

the year before.

-In 2007, an estimated 200,000 children were receiving

treatment, compared to 75,000 in 2005.

-Despite the promising trends, globally, 69% of people who

are HIV+ still do not have access to the required drugs.

Goal 6;Target 3: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases.

The following graph displays the worldwide number of

administered doses of artemisinin-based combination

therapies used to combat malaria from 2001 to 2008.

Worldwide, the number was 130,000,000 doses in 2008, a dramatic increase from the 500,000 doses in 2001.

Countries that have received this dosage increase have seen declines of more than 50% in severe malaria cases and deaths.

Goal 6, Target 3: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases.

The next graph shows the number of tuberculosis (TB)

cases per 100,000 people per region for the years 1990

and 2007.

The number of cases of TB has significantly fallen in Southern Asia, Eastern Asia and Latin America.

However, in Sub-Saharan Africa and the CIS region, the case is the exact opposite, with TB cases actually increasing from 1990 to 2007.

Overall, in 2008, 234 per 100,000 people had TB in developing regions, a decrease from the 1990 number of 370.

Goal 7: Ensure environmental stability.

Many of the environmental issues that the world is facing today- from

climate change to ozone depletion- are global in nature.

The seventh goal of the MDGs aims to remedy these environmental

issues with four targets in mind:

1) Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources.

2) Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss.

3) Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation.

4) By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers.

Goal 7; Target 1: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources.

Although governments throughout the world have pledged

their allegiance to sustainable development and clean energy,

greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise in every region of

the world, as illuminated by the following graph, which displays

the emissions of carbon dioxide(billions of metric tons) in 1990

and 2006.

Almost every region (excluding CIS) has experienced an increase in carbon emissions, most noticeably in the developing regions of Eastern Asia, where there was a significant increase from 2.9 billion metric tons in 1990 to 6.7 billion in 2006.

Goal 7; Target 2: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss.

The target of significantly reducing the rate of loss of

biodiversity has yet to be achieved, made evident by the

following graph, which displays the annual net change in

forest area in the years 1990-2000 and 2000-2005.

In total, the net global loss during the years 2000-2005 was 7.3 million hectares per year, down from 8.9 million hectares per year in 1990-2000.

However, it various regions of the world, such as Latin America and the Caribbean, forest loss actually increased from 2000-2005.

Goal 7; Target 3: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation.

The global community is on its way to meeting the drinking

water target, though some communities, mainly rural ones,

still face some challenges as illustrated on the following

graph.

The world map indicates the countries that have met the target and number of people in other countries who still lack a safe water source.

The regions that remain most in need of safe drinking water include sections of Latin America and Southern Asia.

Goal 7; Target 4: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers.

The following graph displays the percentage of urban

populations living with shelter deprivations, 1990 and

2005.

In 1990, almost half the urban population in developing regions were living in slums. By 2005, that number had been reduced to 36%.

However, as of 2005, a large majority of urban dwellers in Sub-Saharan Africa (62%) were still living in slums.

Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development.

The eighth and final goal of the MDGs calls on

the global community to come together and

implement an array of programs and policies to

bring about sustainable development throughout

the world. The last goal of the MDGs has six specific

targets:

Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development.

1) Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system.

2) Address the special needs of the least developed countries.

3) Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and small island developing States. 

4) Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term.

5) In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries.

6) In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications.

Goal 8; Target 2: Address the special needs of the least developed countries.

According to the following graph, which displays the net

official development assistance from OECD-DAC countries

as a proportion of donor’s gross national income,1990-

2008, not much has been accomplished in terms of an

increase of official development assistance (ODA) for the

least developed countries (LDCs).

With ODA for the LDCs falling significantly during the 1990’s, the ODA numbers (as a proportion of the donors’ gross national income) for the least developed countries has climbed back to 1990 number of around .10 %

Goal 8; Target 4: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term.

The following graph displays the external debt payments of

each region as a proportion of export revenues.

In every region, the external debt payments as a percentage of export revenues have decreased from 2000 to 2007- a positive trend.

Goal 8; Target 6: In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications.

Increasing access to technology for people around the

world has been successful according to the following

graph, which displays the number of internet users per 100

population, 2002 and 2007.

In every region of the world, the number of internet users per 100 people between 2002 and 2007 has grown. However, little growth has occurred in several regions, including Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia.