Ashley Etienne Political science dept – International Relations Dr. Kyeonghi Baek SUNY Buffalo State STAR SEARCH: CAN CELEBRITY POLITICIANS HELP ADVANCE DEMOCRATIZATION?
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Ashley EtiennePolitical science dept – International RelationsDr. Kyeonghi BaekSUNY Buffalo State
STAR SEARCH: CAN CELEBRITY POLITICIANS HELP ADVANCE DEMOCRATIZATION?
Do pop icons turned political leaders help advance democratization in newly democratizing and developing nations?
Whether and/or how Michel Martelly, as a celebrity politician, has contributed to democratization in Haiti.
RESEARCH QUESTION:
Introduction Etienne 2/ 23
1.Dynastic Political leaders Corazon Aquino of the Philippines,
Benazir Bhutto of Pakistan, the Gandhi Political Dynasty
2. Celebrities through Humanitarian workAngelina Jolie and Bono of the Band U2
3. Celebrity politiciansImran Khan, Marudhur Gopalan Ramachandran (MGR)and Michel Martelly
WHY IT MATTERS?
Introduction Etienne 3/ 23
Common in early democratized statesWomen in power: Corazon Aquino and
Benazir Bhutto (Amirell, 2012)Attention to Global Issues (Cooper, 2008, ) The message of the common man (Dikey,
1993)Land redistribution (Amirell, 2012)Corruption Scandal: Money Allocation
(Burron, 2013)
WHAT DO I KNOW SO FAR?
Literature Review Etienne 4/ 23
A rare look at People’s Perception/ Opinion on Socioeconomic development (e.g., housing, and economic wellbeing)
Political development (e. g., a decline in political corruption)
Under the Martelly administration
MY CONTRIBUTION
Literature Review Etienne 5/ 23
Colonized as Sant Domingue under French Colonialism (1697)
January 1, 1804 the world’s first free black republic
A pattern of class hierarchy and political instability
United States Occupation (1915-34)
The Duvalier Dynasty (1957-71): Francois Duvalier “Papa Doc”, Jean-Claude Duvalier “Baby Doc”
Jean-Bertrand Aristide (1990-95, 2001-04)
BRIEF HISTORY OF HAITI
History Etienne 6/ 15
HAITI: AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE
Methodology Etienne 7/ 15
HAITI: AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE
Methodology Etienne 8/ 15
Total Haitian Population: 10.4 million
94 percent of people in displaced person camps have departed for alternative housing.
GDP growth from 6 to 8 billion from 2010 to 2013
How does the class divide in Haiti, contributes to a positive and/or negative opinion of Martelly amongst the Haitian people?
A class divide: People with lower socioeconomic status tends to prefer Martelly
HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis Etienne 9/ 23
This research examined the Haitian population:Professionals (e.g., engineers, bankers, bureaucrats ..):
10 ParticipantsDomestic Workers: 6 ParticipantsYouth (18-29): 3 Participants
Demographic questions: Age, Gender, Education, Job, Political Party Affiliations, etc.
The open-ended questions: Are you satisfied with Martelly’s performance? Why or why
not? Do you think the Martelly administration, as well as his
policies, have affected those in your community?
METHODS: INDIVIDUAL INTERVIEWS
Methodology Etienne 10/ 23
Non-random sampleSmall-N StudyPort-au-Prince, Haiti
CHALLENGES
Methodology Etienne 11/ 23
MY FINDINGS
Findings Etienne 12/ 23
Nation
al Vo
tes
Interv
iewer
Votes
0
20
40
60
80
PROCON
Voter Turnout for Martelly, only contributed to 15% of 4.7 million registered voters.
Election turnout was low 85% of the population were unregistered non voters.
Lower Middle Upper0
1
2
3
4
5
6
AGREEDisagreeNeither Agree/DisagreeDon’t Know
MY FINDINGS: POLITICAL KNOWLEDGE (CONT’D)
Findings Etienne 13/ 15
Lower Middle Upper012345678
AgreeDisagreeNeither Agree nor DisagreDon’t knowRefused
MY FINDINGS: TRUST IN GOVERNANCE (CONT’D)
Findings Etienne 14/ 15
MY FINDINGS: KEY WORDS- REPEATED BY ALL PARTICIPANTS
(CONT’D)
Schoo
l
Int'l C
om & Ai
d
Educa
tion S
y...
Riots
Roads
Protes
t
Corrup
tion
Constr
uction
Ti Mam
an Che
rieFo
od
45 42
23 2315 13 10 9 7 6
Findings Etienne 15/ 23
HAITI: AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE
Findings Etienne 16/ 15
Lower Middle Upper05
10152025303540
Intl Com & AidEducational SystemInfrastutructueRiots a& ProtestCorruption
MY FINDINGS: KEY WORDS BY CLASS (CONT’D)
The Good: Concrete
InfrastructureSocial Services to
the PoorRelatively safe
social environmentA possible
peaceful transition of power
The Bad:Corruption: No
concrete Democratic Institution
Political Protests and Riots
FINDINGS
Findings Etienne 18/ 23
The Martelly Administration has not provided a more democratic state. Haiti is currently politically unstable, without a proper political institution development.
CONCLUDING REMARKS
Concluding Remarks Etienne 19/ 23
HAITI’S FUTURE?
Future Evaluation and Interviews to fellow up on Haitians and Haitian Americans, and how they view Martelly as head of state.
Difference of opinion between those living in Haiti and the US.
FUTURE RESEARCH PLAN
Future Plan Etienne 21/ 23
THANK YOU:DR. BAEK
RONALD E. MCNAIR POST-BACCALAUREATE
ACHIEVEMENT PROGRAM
QUESTIONS?
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