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CASTLES OF THE MOREA IN 1467W. McLEOD / TORONTO
From the early years of the First Veneto-Turkish War
(1463-1479)there survive four Venetian lists of castles in the
Peloponnese. One, en-titled Dichiarazione di tutta la Morea, fatta
nel 1471, was transcribed byAndreas Moustoxydes (1785-1860), and
published by J.-A. Buchon, Re-cherches historiques sur la
Principaute franaise de Moree et ses hautesBaronnies (Paris 1845)
I> 1 The others, two of 1463 and one of 1467,come from the
manuscript Annali Veneti of Stefano Magno (1500-1572);they were
published by Charles Hopf, Chroniques greco-romanes ineditesou peu
connues (Berlin 1873) 202-206. All four lists drew upon
officialdocuments no longer extant. The first editors recognized
that some daythey would be of inestimable value for students of the
geography of themediaeval Peloponnese; perhaps they did not foresee
how far off thattime would be.
All four lists have recently been republished by Antoine Bon, La
Moreefranque (B. E. F. A. R. 213, 1969)693-694. His
RecherchesTopographiquesmake telling use of them; he identifies
many sites, and lets us understandthe lists s never before. We can
now see that three of them are organizedin a logical order. Of the
fourth, that of 1467, Bon says, "l'ordre geo-graphique semble moins
rigoureux" (454).
Yet even it can be brought to heel. For if the names identified
by Bonare tabulated, and others are added which resemble modern
toponyms,it becomes clear that Stefano Magno (or his apographer)
had before hima list with the places geographically arranged in
vertical columns. Notperceiving the fact, he transcribed them
horizontally, thus effectivelymasking any rational progression,
The strongest argument for this hypothesis is the mere fact that
itreduces the names to a sensible order. But there are welcome
confirmations.Formerly the rubric Questi fin qui sono di Coranto
was appended to aseries of names covering an embarrassingly wide
area, extending s farwest s the castle of Saint Omer (S. Damerf) at
the rim of the plain ofElis, and including even Patras; in the list
s reconstituted, this labelfollows a smaller group of names,
corresponding to the old Castellany ofCorinth. Equally striking,
again and again blocks of names in the restoredlist of 1467
coincide with the order in the other lists.
If we grasp this new key, it may enable us to locate and perhaps
identifymore of the strongholds of the fifteenth Century
Peloponnese. As a firstStep in this direction, the list is set
forth below, restored to its archetypalorder. Then follows a
commentary, which treats the individual sites region
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354 / Abteilung
by region, s they appear in the list; it records proposals for
the identifi-cation of most of the names. To avoid any possible
ambiguity, sites arelocated by reference to the nearest modern
settlement; the present localadministrative divisions are specified
fully, so that the toponyms may befound on a large-scale map of
modern Greece. If a mediaeval fortificationhas been reported at or
near the site, the fact is duly noted. The commen-tary relies
heavily, s we all must henceforward, on Professor Bon'smagnum opus\
it also rehearses many details from a recent book by adiligent
amateur, Joannes Sphekopoulos. They will provide the
interestedreader with references to the older literature. For each
region a final para-graph summarizes the geographical order of the
sites, quotes parallelsfrom the other lists, and suggests the
general location of the unidentifiednames.
The writer assumes that several entries in the list are corrupt:
Pazodafor Payada (col. l, 6); Alinori for Aginori (col. 1,7);
Diacastro for Dia-cofto (col. 2, i); Chestena for Phostena (col. 3,
6); Guevano for Grevano(col. 3, 10); Piada for Piana (col. 2, 18);
Limisana for Dimisana (col. 3,16); Tradici for Gradici (col. 2,
36). It wants no great Imagination to seehow these names were
miscopied, unfamiliar s they were to the VenetianChancery scribes
or to Stefano Magno.
The editio princeps was copied from an apograph of Stefano Magno
inthe Imperial Library of Vienna, Ms. Foscarini no. 6216, fol. 394
v.-395 v.;but Hopf adds (205, n. 3), "Le meme catalogue se trouve
aussi dans:Stefano Magno, Cronaca Veneta (Cod. Marcian. Ital. Cl.
VII, no. 518),Tom. VI, fol. 38v.~39r. et date de 1469 dans les
'Genealogica varia*(Cod. Marcian. Ital. Cl. VII, no. 90), fol. 31
r. v." The present notedepends entirely on the published
transcriptions, without inspection ofthe Originals.1
1 This note was prepared while the writer was Holding a Canada
Council Leave
Fellowship in Athens. He wishes to express his gratitude to
Professor Antoine Bon forencouragement. The following works are
cited by the names of their authors: Alberghetti= Breve
descrizzione corografica del Peloponneso o Morea, con l'origine de
primihabitanti, serie de prencipi, titolo di ciascheduna provincia,
possessori di quelle, naturade paesi, costumi de popoli, principio
e fine d'ogni loro avvenimento, con suoi testi latini,con
geroglifici, imprese, medaglie, & armi gentilitie d'ogni
provincia: Estratta dalvolume di D. Pier' Antonio Pacifico;
Aggiuntovi la Notizia delle quattro provincie, divisein
ventiquattro territorii, con li nomi topografici delle ville, fatta
dal Sig. Giusto Alber-ghetti (Venice 1704) 117-135; Kevin Andrews,
Castles of the Morea (GennadeionMonographs 4, Princeton 1953);
Antoine Bon, La Moree franque: Recherches histori-ques,
topographiques, et archeologiques sur la principaute d'Acha'ie
(1205-1430) (B. E.F. A. R. 213, Paris 1969); Demetrius J.
Georgacas-William A. McDonald, Place Namesof Southwest
Peloponnesus: Register and Indexes (Supplement to Peloponnesiaka
vol. 6;Athens 1967); J. Longnon - P. Topping, Documents sur le
Regime des Terres dans laprincipaute de Moree au xive siecle
(Documents et Recherches sur Teconomie des paysbyzantins,
islamiques, et slaves, et leurs relations commerciales au moyen ge
9; Paris1969); Joannes Th. Sphekopoulos, (Athens 1968).
For the current names of communities in Greece, the writer has
followed the officiallist published by the National Statistical
Service of Greece, ,
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W. McLeod, Castles of the Morea in 1467[Fol. 394 v]
1467 de settembrio questi sono Castelli sono in la Morea;quelli
hanno davanti una f sono della Signoria, et quellihanno R sono
rovinadi, el r es t o sono del Turco.
355
Coranto.Vasilica.
[Fol. 395 r]S. Zorzi Tropico.
R S. Vassili.R Silo Castro.
Pazoda.R Alinori.R Fanari.
f R Damala.R Angelo Castro.
Sero Castelia.Questi fin qui
sono di Coranto.Greban.
R Aito.R S. Lauro.R Janina.
Arcadia.R Neocastro. fR LoiR Adruisa.R Spedal.R Lila.
^R Apidimia.t R Maina."j* R Calamita.
R Stamiro.[Fol. 395 v]
f Chilidoni.f Vumero.
Cusibeni.
R Diacastro.R Vistizza.
R Listrena.Selmenico.Patras.
R Saravali.R Sidro Castro.
Curnaro Castro.Castrizzi.Paulo Castro.
R Camenonia.Riolo.
Mucli.
R Zipiana.R Proiteri.R Droboliza.R Silimo.R Piada.
Tavia."f* Arziro castro. f
Posenichi.Candela Catafigo.
R Vestra Catrona.R Castelli.
Ruballo.
R Arvano Castro.
Acumba.R Mondriza.R Zoia.
Tricalia. Gardichi.Tarses. S. Elia.
R F ne a.Calavita.
R Calandrezza.R Chestena.
Selevizza.S. Dameri.Pertes.Guevano.Xironeo Castro.S. Biasio.
Ajuto pandatoriaCasali.
Trisotenia.Acoua.Limisana.Caricena.S. Zorzi Scorta.Lendari.
R Diracchi.Gordichi salo.
R Acovo.Siminia Casal.Longanico.
Chiaramonte.f Olena.
Fanari.R Diminiza.R Vunargo.
5
10
15
20
25(25)
, , 1961, 31. 12. 1961 (Athens 1963) The following additional
abbrevia-tions are used: d. = demos; e. = eparchia; k. = koinotes;
M K = mediaeval fortifi-cation; n. = nomos; v. = village or
settlement; 1463 A = Stefano Magno's first listof 1463; 14636 =
Stefano Magno's second list of 1463; 1471 = Moustoxydes' list
of1471 (in which an asterisk denotes castles in Venetian hands; r.
= rovinata).
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356 Abteilung
Demeco. f &e Iveder. Araclavo. 30Gardizi. Crivo Cori. R Pari
a.
R Spoliza. Strovizi. Sidro Castro.
t Serenes. R Manconico. f Malvasia.f R Castri. R Lico castro. f
Astro.
f Verdonia. R Teologo. *)* Astrizi. 35Misitra. Tradici grando. R
Platanos villa.Asopes. Zerachi. f R Gariposti overo Garipoli.
f Vadica. R Ales Linidi. f CochichiaoverColichitia.t Arnavilla.
f Mantegna. t Mainagrande.
t RJanizza. f Comusta villa. f Lefco. 40ARGOLIDOCORINTHIA (col.
i, 1-12)
Coranto: Archaia Korinthos (formerly Palaia Korinthos), v. and
k., e. Korinthia, n.Korinthia. On the M K, see Antoine Bon, "The
Medieval Fortifications of Acrocorinthand Vicinity," Corinth II
1.2: The Defenses of Acrocorinth and the Lower Town (Cam-bridge,
Mass. 1936) 128-281.
Vasilica: Vasilikon (now Sikyon), v. and k., e. Korinthia, n.
Korinthia. M K notpreserved; Bon 481-482; Sphekopoulos 72.
S. Zorzi Tropico: Hagios Georgios (now Nemea), v. and k., e.
Korinthia, n. Korinthia.M K about two kilometres south, on the
summit of Mount Panagia (formerly Polyphen-gos); Bon 482-483, 648.
Cf. S. Zorzi Scorta (col. 3, 18).
S. Vassili: Hagios Vasileios, v. and k., e. Korinthia, n.
Korinthia. M K south of thevillage; Bon 483-484, 635-636, with
plan, pl. 128.
Silo Castro: Xylokastron, v. and k., e. Korinthia, n. Korinthia.
M K not preserved;Sphekopoulos 79.
Pazoda: ? Piada (now Nea Epidauros), v. and k., e. Nauplia, n.
Argolis. The villageis built on the south slope of a hill which
bears at its top a M K; Bon 485-486; Longnon-Topping 257-258;
Sphekopoulos 110-111.
Alinori'. ? Hagionorion, v. and k., e. Korinthia, n. Korinthia.
M K described by Bon658-661 with plan, fig. 21; cf. 483-484.
Fanari: Ano Phanarion, v. and k., e. Troizenia, n. Peiraieus.
The village is built on theslope of a hill which is crowned by a
classical fortification reused in mediaeval times;Bon 490;
Sphekopoulos 116-117. Cf. Fanari (col. 3, 27).
Damala: Samalas (now Troizen), v. and k., e. Troizenia, n.
Peiraieus. M K less thana kilometre west of the village, at the
summit of the ancient acropolis; Bon 490-491, 648;Sphekopoulos
114-115. Plan (schematized), Gabriel Welter, Troizen und
Kalaureia(Berlin 1941) pl. 2.
Angelo Castro: Angelokastron, v. and k., e. Korinthia, n.
Korinthia. The village isbuilt on the slope of an ancient acropolis
which later served s a M K; Bon 484, 662;Longnon-Topping 258;
Sphekopoulos 75-76.
Sero Castelia: Xerokasteli was the unofficial name in the
eighteenth and nineteenthcenturies of the Monastery of Hagios
Demetrios (also known s Karakala), in the k. Ha-gios Hadrianos, e.
Nauplia, n. Argolis (Zakythenos, Hellenika 4 [1931] 387;
Longnon-Topping 258). In the early nineteenth Century the name
Xero-Castelli was also applied tothe classical fortification now
known s Kasarma, four and a half kilometres southeastof the
monastery (J.-A. Buchon, La Grece continentale et la Moree [Paris
1843] 376-377);the fortification was evidently used in the
mediaeval period; Bon 485; Sphekopoulos106-107.
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W. McLeod, Castles of the Morea in 1467 357Questi fin gut sono
di Coranto. [The area covered in these twelve entries
corresponds
roughly to the Castellany of Corinth under the Acciaiuoli; see
the accounts of the Castel-lany in 1365, Longnon-Topping 157-192,
and the list of its castles in 1377, Bon 691. TheCastellany did not
extend so far northwest (Xylokastro), nor southeast (Phanari,
Da-mala). The present catalogue follows no particular order, except
t hat the five castles tothe northwest precede the six to the
southeast. Cf. Coranto - Vasco - San-Zorzi Tropico -Vassili, rovin.
- Sillo-Castro, rov. - Lirota - Altori, r. (1471); Vasilica sivl
Valica -S. Zorzi Tropico (i403A).]NORTHERN ACHAIA (col. 2,
1-12)
Diacastro'. ? Diakopton, v. and k., e. Aigialeia, n. Achaia.
Sphekopoulos 134 tentati-vely locates the M K at the v. Kastron,
five and a half kilometres south, where ErnstMeyer had noted an
ancient city wall and a mediaeval building (Peloponnesische
Wande-rungen [Z rich 1939] 135).
Vistizza: Vostitsa (now Aigion), d., e. Aigialeia, n. Achaia.
One of the original elevenbaronies of the Principality. M K not
preserved; Bon 463-466; Sphekopoulos 135-137.
Listrena'. N. G. Lekkas, , - (Athens 1916) 93-96, n.
l,associates the name with a hill east of the v. Graikas, in the
homonymous k., e. Aigialeia,n. Achaia; cf. Sphekopoulos
138-139.
Selmenico'. Salmenikos, w. (Ano, Kato) and k., e. Patrai, n.
Achaia. Lekkas, op. cit.64-74, associates the name with an
acropolis above the region of Mesochori, close toAno Salmenikos;
cf. Sphekopoulos 140-142.
Patras'. Patrai, d., e. Patrai, n. Achaia. One of the eleven
original baronies. On theM K, see Bon 670-673, with plan, fig. 23;
cf. 449-453.
Saravali'. Saravalion, v. and k., e. Patrai, n. Achaia; Bon 454.
Sphekopoulos 159-160reports a M K at the west of the village.
Sidro Castro: Siderokastro, noted on the map of the Expedition
scientifique de Moree,near the Monastery of Omplos, k. Krene, e.
Patrai, n. Achaia. The name is no longercurrent; Bon 454;
Sphekopoulos 161-162. Cf. Sidro Castro (col. 3, 32).
Curnaro Castro'. Pournarokastron, v. in k. Elikistra, e. Patrai,
n. Achaia; Bon 455;Sphekopoulos 157-158. Alberghetti 121 gives
Curnaro-Castro s a villa in the Territoriodi Patrasso.
Castrizzi: Kastritsion, w. and kk. (Ano, Kato), e. Patrai, n.
Achaia; Bon 455;Sphekopoulos 146.
Paulo Castro'. Pavlokastron, v. in k. Thea (formerly
Tsaplanaiika), e. Patrai, n.Achaia. The map of the Expedition
scientifique de Moree notes a palaiokastro on thehill to the east;
Bon 454; Sphekopoulos 163.
Camemonia'. Kamenitsa, v. in k. Alissos, e. Patrai, n. Achaia. M
K not preserved; Bon454-455; Sphekopoulos 164.
Riolo: Riolos, v. and k., e. Patrai, n. Acha'ia. M K not
preserved; Bon 333; Spheko-poulos 167.
[The twelve entries are arranged in a line across northern
Achaia from the borders ofCorinthia to the confines of Elis, with a
single loop in the vicinity of Patras. Cf. Dracofeo,r. -Justizza,
r. (1471); Listrena, r. - Salmenico - Patrasso - Sanavalli -
Sidero-Castro Cuzanaro-Castro - Castrizi (1471); Sidero Castro -
Camer o Castro vel Cumero Castro(1463 A); Paulo-Castro -
Camomenitza, r. (1471).]SOUTHERN ACHAIA (col. 3, 1-12)
Tricalia'. Trikala, w. and kk. (Ano, Kato, Mese Synoikia
Trikalon), e. Korinthia,n. Korinthia.
Tarses'. Tarsos, vv. (Ano, Kato) and k. (Kato), e. Korinthia, n.
Korinthia. M K notpreserved; Sphekopoulos 78.24 Byant. Zeitschrift
(65) 1972
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I- Abteilung
Fonea: Phonias (now Panorama), v. and k., e. Korinthia, n.
Korinthia. A ruined toweris noted by Sphekopoulos 77-78.
Calavita: Kalavryta, d., e. Kalavryta, n. Achaia. One of the
eleven original baronies.The M K of Tremola, two kilometres east,
is described by Bon 634, with plan, pl. 116;cf. 466-469.
Calandrezza: Chalandritsa, v. and k., e. Patrai, n. Achaia. One
of the eleven originalbaronies. The only vestige of the M K is a
tower in the village; Bon 458-461; Spheko-poulos 181-182.
Chestena: ? Phostaina, v. and k., e. Patrai, n. Achaia; Bon
458.Selevizza: tmidentified. Stellt Levizza vel Seliviza (1463 A);
Salluizza (1471).S. Dameri: Santomerion, v. and k., e. Patrai, n.
Achaia. On the MK, see Bon 342-343,
646-648; Longnon-Topping 236; Sphekopoulos 173-175.Pertes:
Portes (now Portai), v. and k., e. Patrai, n. Achaia. M K not
preserved; Bon
343; Sphekopoulos 175.Guevano: Grevenon (now Spartia), v. and
k., e. Patrai, n. Acha'ia; Bon 343; Spheko-
poulos 178.Xironeo Castro: unidentified. Xerso (1471).S. Biasio:
Hagios Vlasios, v. in k. Glastra (formerly Vrostena), e. Kalavryta,
n.
Achaia.[The ten identified places are in a line which begins by
running roughly from east to
west from the western Corinthia to the edge of Elis; it then
turns south and returns east-ward. Cf. Farcalle - Farsas - Foura,
r. Callarita (1471); Calladrizza - Postena (1471);Salluizza -
Sandameri - Portes - Greveno - Xerso - San Biaso (1471); Santameri
velSantomari - Porsos vel Pertes (1463 A). Of the unidentified
places, Selevizza should bein western Achaia, south of Phostaina
and north of Santomerion; Xironeo Castro, insouthern Achaia, east
of Grevenon and west of Hagios Vlasios.]
LOCATION UNCERTAIN (col. 4, 1-2)Gar dicht: unidentified. Cf. Gor
dicht salo (col. 3, 21); Gardizi (col. l, 31); Tradici
grando (col. 2, 36).S. E Ha: unidentified.[The names Gardiki and
Hagios Elias are both common in Greece. The former is
derived from a Slavonic word meaning "fortification"; see Max
Vasmer, Die Slaven inGriechenland (Abh. Berlin, Phil.-Hist., 1941,
no. 12) index, s. v. The latter is particularlyassociated with
heights. Both occur in Messenia: a village Hagios Elias, now no
longercxtant, is noted on the map of the Expedition scientifique de
Moree, in k. Chandrinos,e. Pylia (Bon 432-433); and the name
Gardiki was formerly given to vv. (Ano, Kato) andk. (now officially
called Ampheia), e. Kalamai (Bon 423-424; Sphekopoulos 317-318).But
it is likely that the two names occurred also in other regions. In
1471, the namesGar dicht - Skalia immediately follow San Biasio;
this might indicate that the sites areto be sought in southern
Achaia.]
MESSENIA (col. i, 13-25)Greban: Krebene, a height above Melpeia,
w. and kk. (Ano, Kato), e. Messene,
n. Messenia. The nearby MK is described by Bon 654; cf. 440-441;
Longnon-Topping244-245.
Aito: Aitos (officially Aetos), v. and k., e. Triphylia, n.
Messenia. South of the villageis a MK, described by Bon 650, with
plan, fig. 16; cf. 417; Georgacas-McDonald no. 303.
S. Lauro: Saflaouros, the name of a height with a M K, in k.
Koromelea, e. Messene,n. Messenia; Bon 439; Georgacas-McDonald no.
6999.
Janina: unidentified. Tonava vel Janina (1463 A).
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W. McLeod, Castles of the Morea in 1467 559Arcadia: Arkadia (now
Kyparissia), d., e. Triphylia, n. Messenia. On the M K, see
Bon 669-670, with plan, pl. 99; cf. 412-414; Georgacas-McDonald
no. 677.Neocastro: The Frankish castle of Chteau neuf; almost
certainly to be identified with
the M K immediately north of Mila, v. and k., e. Messene, n.
Messenia; Bon 656-658 withplan, fig. 19; cf. 439-440;
Longnon-Topping 242.
Lot: Loi (now Diodia), v. and k., e. Messene, n. Messenia. M K
not preserved; Sphe-kopoulos 315-316; Georgacas-McDonald no.
4153.
Adruisa: Androusa, d., e. Messene, n. Messenia. M K described by
Bon 637-639 withplan, pl. 94; cf. 411-412.
Spedal: Spitalion, v. and k., e. Messene, n. Messenia.Lila: Nesi
(now Messene), d., e. Messene, n. Messenia. M K not preserved;
Bon
410-411.Apidimia: Pedema, v. and k., e. Kalamai, n. Messenia. M
K described by Bon
654-656 with plan, fig. 18; cf. 438-439-Maina: Mikromane, v. and
k., e. Kalamai, n. Messenia; Bon 438; Longnon-Topping
246. Cf. Maina grande (col. 3, 39).Calamita: Kalamata (the old
name has now officially replaced Kalamai), d., e. Kala-
mai, n. Messenia. On the M K, see Bon 666-668 with plan, pl. 92;
cf. 408-410.[The twelve identified sites are arranged roughly from
north to south, from the edge
of Triphylia to the edge of the Mani; a line joining them makes
a loop at Kyparissia, andthen proceeds southeastward in an irregulr
zigzag. Cf. Pidimia - Maina Calamata(1463 B). The site of Janina
should be towards northwestern Messenia, east of Kyparissiaand west
of Saflaouros.]EASTERN ARCADIA (col. 2, 13-25)
Mucli: Palaiomouchli, a mountain on the border between k.
Achladokampos, e. Argos,n. Argolis, and k. Hagiorgitika, e.
Mantineia, n. Arkadia. On the MK, see Bon 524;Sphekopoulos
122-126.
Zipiana: Tsipiana (now Nestane), v. and k., e. Mantineia, n.
Arkadia.Proiteri: unidentified.Droboliza: Tripolitsa (now
Tripolis), d., e. Mantineia, n. Arkadia. M K not preserved;
Sphekopoulos 208.Silimo: Silimna, v. and k., e. Mantineia, n.
Arkadia. Nearby is a MK; Bon 405-406;
Sphekopoulos 247.Piada: ? Piana, v. and k., e. Mantineia, n.
Arkadia. Nearby is a MK; Bon 406;
Sphekopoulos 221-222.Tavia: Davia, v., in k. Tselepakos, e.
Mantineia, n. Arkadia. Nearby, a MK; Bon
406; Sphekopoulos 220.Arziro Castro: Argyrokastro, a mountain
above Magouliana, v. and k., e. Gortynia,
n. Arkadia. There is a MK here; Bon 404-405; 648; Sphekopoulos
213-214.Posenichi: Bezenikos (now Vlacherna), v. and k., e.
Mantineia, n. Arkadia. Four
kilometres west is a M K, identified s Bocenico; Bon 403-404;
Sphekopoulos 210-211.Candela Catafigo: Kandela, v. and k., e.
Mantineia, n. Arkadia; Sphekopoulos
127-128.Vestra Catrona: ? Palaiokatouna, v. in k. Mostitsion
(now Drymos), e. Kalavryta,
n. Acha'ia.Castelli: Kastellion, v. and k., e. Kalavryta, n.
Achaia. Sphekopoulos 193-194 reports
aMK.Ruballo: Rouvali (now Nea Chora), v. and k., e. Kynouria, n.
Arkadia (but see the
next paragraph).
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j6o /. Abteilung[Of the identified sites, the first eleven are
arranged roughly from south to north, be-
ginning near the border with the Argolid above Lerna, then
swinging west, north, andeast, and returning northwest to the edge
of Achaia. The twelfth site is situated south ofthe beginning of
the line - a fact which may lead to reservations about its
Identification.Chalcocondyles 445.18 Bonn records a fortress of
Roupele in Phliasia, captured by theSultan in 1458; the notice is
unique, the site is unidentified, but the location is right.
Cf.Castelli, r. - Rubelli (1471). The unknown site of Proiteri
should be near the plain ofMantineia, southwest of Nestane and
northeast of Tripolis.]WESTERN ARCADIA (col. 3, entries 13-24)
Ajutopandatoria Casali: this rubric, or pair of names,
Aito-Pedetoria - Casalli, recursin 1471 betwten Justzzza (Vostitsa)
and Listrena, which are both in northern Achaia.
Trisotenia: Tripotama vel Trisetenia (1463 A): Tripotama, w.
(Tripotama, Ano T.,Kato T.), in k. Psophis, e. Kalavryta, n.
Achaia. On the ancient fortification, reused inmediaeval times, see
Bon 401-402, 662.
Acoua: Akova, one of the original eleven baronies. Generally
recognized in a hill nearVyzikion, v. and k., e. Gortynia, n.
Arkadia. The name Akoves was applied to the vicinityinto the
nineteenth Century. On the M K, see Bon 634-635, with plan, pl. 83;
cf. 393-396.
Limisana: ? Demetsana, v. and k., e. Gortynia, n. Arkadia.
Ancient, but no mediaeval,remains are reported; Sphekopoulos
222.
Caricena: Karitaina, one of the eleven baronies. v. and k., e.
Gortynia, n. Arkadia. Onthe M K see Bon 629-633 with plan, pl. 66;
cf. 366-369.
S. Zorzi Scorta: The castle of Saint George in Skorta is
discussed by Bon 386-389.He hesitates between two candidates: Ai
Psilo Georgi, a M K between Kourounios, v. andk., e. Gortynia, n.
Arkadia and Ano Karyai, v. and k., e. Megalopolis, n. Arkadia;
andHagios Georgios or Stala, in k. Lykosoura, e. Megalopolis, n.
Arkadia. He inclines to thelatter; in a brief paper Thanos
Vaghenas, "Three Castles of the Morea Identified,"Neo-Hellenika l
(1970) 23-29, argues vigorously for the former.
Lendari: Leontarion, v. and k., e. Megalopolis, n. Arkadia. M K
noted, Bon 646;Sphekopoulos 243.
Diracchi: Dirrachion, v. and k., e. Megalopolis, n. Arkadia.
Sphekopoulos 248 notesa M K, now called Paliopyrgos, two kilometres
east of the village.
Gor dicht salo: Gradizzi-Piccolo (1471): The name Gardiki is
applied by Buchen, LaGrece continentale et la Moree 486-488, to a M
K in the vicinity known in his time sKokkala, in k. Merope, e.
Messene, n. Messenia; Bon 423-425; Longnon-Topping 244.
Acovo: Akovos, v. and k., e. Megalopolis, n. Arcadia.Siminia
Casal: unidentified. Semiza-Casal (1471).Longanico: Longanikos v.
and k., e. Lakedaimon, n. Lakonia; Bon 512; Sphekopoulos
362-363.[The ten identified sites are arranged roughly from
north to south; the first seven are
in a straight line, which then Swings west, and finally crosses
over to the east, ending innorthern Laconia. Both candidates for
Saint George in Skorta fit equally well. Cf. Acora-Dimizana -
Caritena - San-Zorzi (1471); Caritena vel Carizena - S. Zorzi de
Scorta(i463A); Vendari - Dirachi* - Gradizzi-Piccolo (1471);
Semiza-Casal - Longatigo*(1471). Siminia Casal might best be sought
in the south of this region, northeast ofAkovos and southwest of
Longanikos.]ELIS AND TRIPHYLIA (cols. i and 2, 26-32; col. 3,
25-32)
Stamiro: a well attested Frankish castle. Alberghetti 124 gives
Stamerb Canzides sa villa in the Territorio di Gastugni. The name
is no longer current; but it was probablylocated somewhere in the
Elean plain; Bon 336-337.
Chilidoni: Chelidonion, v. and k., e. Eleia, n. Eleia. MK not
preserved; Bon 344;Sphekopoulos 277.
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W. McLeod, Castles of the Morea in 1467 361Vumero: Goumeron, v.
and k., e. Eleia, n. Eleia. On a nearby hill called Palaiokastro
is
a MK; Bon 344; Sphekopoulos 274-276.Cusibeni:
unidentified.Demeco : unidentified.Gardizi: Garditsa (now
Perivolia), v. and k., e. Olympia, n. Eleia; Georgfacas-Mc-
Donald no. 1321.Spoliza: Pavlitsa (now Phigaleia), v. and k., e.
Olympia, n. Eleia; Bon 337-338;
Georgacas-McDonald no. 6271.Arvano Castro: Alvaina (now Minthe),
v. and k., e. Olympia, n. Eleia. If so, the MK
is probably the one known s Chrysouli, described by Bon 648-649
with plan, fig. 15;cf. 374; Sphekopoulos 291-296;
Georgacas-McDonald no. 337.
Acumba: Paliakoumba, the name of a height above Platiana (now
Platana), v. and k.e. Olympia, n. Eleia. There is a MK here; Bon
391, 648; Sphekopoulos 288-290; Georga-cas-McDonald no. 5872.
Mondriza: Moundritsa (now Gryllos), v. and k., e. Olympia, n.
Eleia. M K not pre-served; Bon 349; Sphekopoulos 300;
Georgacas-McDonald no. 4934.
Zoia: Tzogias (now Prasinon), v. and k., e. Eleia, n. Eleia. M K
not preserved; Bon346-347; Sphekopoulos 302-303.
Belveder: the Frankish castle of Beauvoir, near Katakolon, v.
and k.,e. Eleia, n. Eleia.On the castle, see Bon 663-665 with plan,
fig. 22; cf. 328-330.
Crivo Cori: the Frankish castle of Creve Coeur; identified with
the ruins on the summitof Mount Palaiokastro, on the border between
k. Phanarion and k. Linistaina, e. Olympia,n. Eleia; Bon 388, 648;
Sphekopoulos 297-298.
Strovizi: Strovitsi (now Lepreon), v. and k., e. Olympia, n.
Eleia. M K not preserved;but the hill of Hagios Demetrios,
southeast of the village, is a likely site for it; Bon
389;Longnon-Topping 239-240; Georgacas-McDonald no. 7537.
Chiaramonte: the castle of Clermont (Chlemoutsi), in the v. and
k. Kastron, e. Eleia,n. Eleia. On the MK, see Bon 608-629 with
plans, PL 33-35; cf. 325-328.
Olena: Olene, v. and k., e. Eleia, n. Eleia. On the M K, see Bon
652; cf. 344-346;Sphekopoulos 273-274.
Fanari: Palaiophanaro, a height in k. Phrixa, e. Olympia, n.
Eleia. M K not preserved:Bon 347-348; Longnon-Topping 238;
Georgacas-McDonald no. 6027.
Diminiza: ? Dimenistra, toponym near Graikas, v. and k., and
again near Zakha (nowKallithea), v. and k.,both in e. Olympia, n.
Eleia; Georgacas-McDonald nos. 1908-1909.
Vunargo: Vounargon, v. and k., e. Eleia, n. Eleia. M K not
reported; Bon 337;Sphekopoulos 272.
Araclavo: the well documented castle of Araklovon; its location
is disputed. Aftera fll review of the evidence for its position and
the previous proposals for its identifica-tion, Bon concludes that
the necessary conditions are best met by a MK near Smerna,v. and
k., e. Olympia, n. Eleia; described by Bon 646 with plan, fig. 14;
cf. 369-377,Thanos Vaghenas, "Three castles of the Morea
identified," Neo-Hellenika \ (1970)23-29, writing before Bon's book
was available, identifies Araklovon with the MK ofLiodoros, near v.
Palaiokastron, k. Sarakinion (formerly Palaiokastron), e.
Gortynia,n. Arkadia.
Poria: ? Poria, a toponym near Strovitsi (Lepreon), v. and k.,
e. Olympia, n. Eleia;Georgacas-McDonald no. 6589.
Sidro Castro: Siderokastron, v. and k., e. Triphylia, n.
Messenia. On the M K, see Bon390-391, 648; Longnon-Topping 240;
Sphekopoulos 308-309; Georgacas-McDonaldno. 7063.
[The order of names here is less clear than in the earlier parts
of the list. Col. l beginswith three sites in the northeast of
Elis, which are followed by two unrecognizable names;
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362 I. Abteilung
Col. 2 begins with five places towards the south of Elis and in
northern Triphylia, in a linefrom south to north. In Col. 3 the
first five names are in a group situated between thenames at the
beginning of Col. l, and those et the beginning of Col. 2. The last
twonames of Col. i, the last two of Col. 2, and the last three of
Col. 3, are all in the extiemesouth of Triphylia, if one accepts
Bon's identification of Araklovon. Cf. Stamero velStamiro -
Chilidoni vel Clidoni- Vumeri(\46^ A; in inverse order); Chilidoni~
Vumero(1463 B). One might look for Cusibeni and Demeco in the
northeast of Elis.]LACONIA (Cols. i, 2, and 3, 33-40)
Serenes: Serones vel Seraphena (14633): ? Zaraphona (now
Kallithea), v. and k.,e. Lakedaimon, n. Lakonia. On the M K, see
Bon 512, 661.
Castri: Kastrion, v. in k. Kastoreion, e. Lakedaimon, n.
Lakonia. The M K is men-tioned by Bon 512; Sphekopoulos
365-366.
Verdonia: Vordonia, v. and k., e. Lakedaimon, n. Lakonia. Traces
of MK; Spheko-poulos 364-365.
Misitra: Mystras, v. and k., e. Lakedaimon, n. Lakonia. On the
castle see Bon 639-642,with plan, pl. 142; 500-501.
Asopes: ? Asopos, an ancient city on the peninsula of of Xyli,
k. Pappadianika, e. Epi-dauros Limera, n. Lakonia; Pausanias 3.22.9
and Frazer III 382; Sphekopoulos 390.
Vadica: Vatika (now Neapolis), v. and k., e. Epidauros Limera,
n. Lakonia; M K,Sphekopoulos 391; Heien Waterhouse-R. Hope Simpson,
B. S. A. 56 (1961) 144.
Arna villa: Arna, v. and k., e. Lakedaimon, n. Lakonia.Janizza:
Gianitsa (now Elaiochorion), v. and k., e. Kalamai, n.
Messenia.Manconico: unidentified. Mayayiado vel Maconico (1463 A);
Moncinuiaco (1471).Lico Castro: Sphekopoulos 363-364 applies the
name Lykokastron to the ancient forti-
fication of Sellasia, on the hill of Hagios Konstantinos, east
of the v. Vroulias (nowSellasia), in the homonymous k., e.
Lakedaimon, n. Lakonia. The ancient fortificationwas reused in
mediaeval times.
Teologo: Theologos, k. (with v., Hagios Joannes Theologos), e.
Lakedaimon, n. La-konia.
Tradici grando: presumably Gardici Grando. Possibly Gardiki (now
Anavryton), v.and k., e. Megalopolis, n. Arkadia.
Zerachi: Geraki, one of the eleven original baronies. Gerakion,
v. and k., e. Lakedai-mon, n. Lakonia. On the M K, see Bon 642-645
with plan, fig. 13; cf. 510511.
Ales Linidi: Leonidion, d., e. Kynouria, n. Arkadia;
Sphekopoulos 202.Mantegna: Mantineia, vv. (Mikra, Megale) and k.
(Mikra), e. Kalamai, n. Messenia.
M K not preserved; Sphekopoulos 329.Comusta villa: Koumousta
(now Pentavloi), v. in k. Xerokampion, e. Lakedaimon,
n. Lakonia.Malvasia: Monemvasia, v. and k., e. Epidauros Limera,
n. Lakonia. On the M K,
see Andrews 192-210; Sphekopoulos 390-391.Astro: Astros, w. and
kk. (Astros, Paralion A.), e. Kynouria, n. Arkadia. There is a
fort at the coastal site, but it is post-mediaeval; Bon
515-516.Astritsi: unidentified. Presumably near Astros, since the
two are usually mentioned
together.Platanos villa: Platanos, v. and k., e. Kynouria, n.
Arkadia.Gariposti overo Garipoli: Karyoupolis, v. and k., e.
Gytheion, n. Lakonia. Three
kilometres north is the MK of Passava; Bon 508-509; Sphekopoulos
383.Cochichia over Colichitia: Kolokythia, the name of a bay, off
the k. Kotronas, e.
Gytheion, n. Lakonia. A peninsula in the bay has traces of a MK;
Bon 508.
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W. McLeod, Castles of the Morea in 1467 363Maina grande: the
Frankish castle of Grand Maina, which was evidently located in
the southern Mani; its precise location is disputed. The name
has been applied to acastle near the harbour of Porto-Kagio, k.
Lagia, e. Gytheion, n. Lakonia, and to remainson Cape Tegani, k.
Kounos, e. Oitylos, n. Lakonia; Bon 502-504 shows that the
mostlikely site is the Chteau de la Belle, on Capo Grosso, further
south in k. Kounos.
Lefco: Leftron (officially Lefktron), v., in k. of Neochorion,
e. Kalamai, n. Messenia.The M K of Leutron (Beaufort) is described
by Bon 650-652 with plan, pl. 147; cf. 504.
[Once again the order is not s clear s one could wish. Col. l
begins with six names inan oblique band across Laconia from
northwest to southeast. In Col. 2 the first fiverecognizable names
are north and east of this band. In Col. 3 the first four names are
onor near the east coast of Laconia and Cynuria. The last four
names of col. 3 are in theMani; the last two of both col. i and
col. 2 are north of the Mani. Cf. Serones vel Sera-phena - Castri -
Verdonia (1463B); Castri vel Castriti - Verdognia (1463 A); Castro*
-Verdonia* - Mistra (1471); Arnavilla* -Janina-Villa (1471);
Moncinuiaco* - Vico-Castro* - Teologo* (1471); Zeraschi Alosisani
(1471); Malvasia* Astro* - Astrissi -Paltanos Villa - Garipoli*
(1471); Astro - Astrizi (1463 A); Astro - Astrid - Platanosvile -
Cariposti sive Caropoli in brazzo di Maina - Cocchochia sive
Colochita ut supra(14636); Maina grande in brazzo ut supra - Lefro
(14636). One might expect thatManconico would be in northeastern
Laconia.]
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