MCITP

MCITP

Network : The physical connection between two or more systems called as network.

Networking : The physical connection between two or more systems in order to share resources like a HDD, Drivers, Data………..etc, called as networking.Based on networks are three types:-They are

1. LAN – Local Area Network – 2.km 2. MAN – Metro Area Network – 30km 3. WAN – Wide Area Network – World Wide

Operation systems based on networks are two types:- Homo Genius Network:-In this network the system running same platform

called as homo genius network.

Hetro Genious Network:-In this network the systems are running with different company operating called as hetro genious network.

Topology:-Designs of networks is called as topology. They are four types.

Bus Ring Star Mesh

BUS:-In this network the system are connected end to end from along chain called as BUS Topology.

Requirements:- Co-Axial cable T – Connectors Terminators BNC Connector

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Advantages:-It is used in small offices & home networks. Dis-Advantages:-

Difficult to configure Difficult to troubleshoot A single system damage collapse the entire network

RING TOPOLOGY:-It is same line Bus topology but with out use terminators to connect to gether from a loop.

Requirements:- Co-Axial cable T – Connector BNC Connector

Advantages:-It is used in small offices & home networks. Dis-Advantages:-

Difficult to configure Difficult to troubleshoot A single system damage collapses the entire network.

Star Topology: - Without using no. of cables we can connect no. of systems in a network. By using single cable, which is in connecting on a junction box, called as Star Topology.

Requirements:- Twisted Paris cable RJ 45 Jack NIC card HUB/Switch

Advantages:- Easy to configure Easy to troubleshoot It is large networks. We can connect no. of systems in network.

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Mesh Topology:-It is a combination of above three topologies in an environment.

Cables:- (x-1) (x*2) (6-1) 6*2

(5)3 15.

Minimum requirements to establish network b/w two or more systems.

HARDWARE SOFTWARE

System Any O.S NIC card NIC Drivers Cables Protocol Connections Clints Devices Service

( HUB . Switch, Modem , router )

System:-It is an electronic device. It works on electrically. computer normal voltage 240v A.C, D.C voltage +12,+5,-12,-5,+3.3v

NIC:-It is also called network interface card, LAN card, eather net card, network card & networking card. It is used to transmit the data system to NIC cable & NIC cable to system through headers language.

Cable:-These are three types Co-Axial cable Twisted pair Fiber optical cable Co-Axial:- It comes with single copper lead covered with insulative state

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Twisted Pair:-These are two types UTP- Un Shielded twisted pairs STP – Shielded twisted pairs.

The main difference between UTP/STP, UTP supports EMI.STP doesn’t supports EMI. EMI Electro Magnet Interface

CABLE types CAT -1 It transmit any vice CAT - 2 4mbps transmit the data CAT - 3 10mbps CAT - 4 16mbps CAT - 5 100mbps CAT -5e 1gbps CAT -6 Beyond 1gbps

Twisted Pairs Cable Designs:- Straight Cable Cross Cable Reverse cable Straight Cable:- Orange ------------- orange orange White ------------- orange White Green ------------- Green Green White ------------- Green White Blue -------------- Blue Blue White -------------- Blue White Brown -------------- Brown Brown White -------------- Brown White

Cross Cable:- Orange ------------- Green Orange White ------------- Blue White Green ------------- Orange Green White ------------- Green White Blue -------------- Blue Blue White -------------- Orange White Brown -------------- Brown Brown White -------------- Brown White

Ex:-1-32-63-16-2

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Reverse Cable:-

Orange ------------- Brown White Orange White ------------- Brown Green ------------- Blue White Green White ------------- Blue Blue -------------- Green White Blue White -------------- Green Brown -------------- Orange White Brown White -------------- Orange

Fiber Optical Cable:- This cable is used in Wide Area Network & the data transfer rate is very high.

Connectors:-These are two types. They are T- Connector Rj 45T- connector:-These types of connectors are used in BUS, RING, MESH, and TOPOLOGY by using co-axial RJ-45 :-These types of connectors are used in star topology, by using twisted pair cables. It has 8 pins

Devices:-HUB, Switch, Router, Modem.HUB: - It is an junction box; through we can connect no. of systems in a network. It contains no. of ports The general speed of HUB is 10-100mbps.The data transfer rate divides the HUBSwitch:-It works on same like as HUB but it is advanced than HUB. Because it comes with a piece of software. It maintains the address of the system at port. Switch follows point – to – point communication.Router:-It shows the easiest way to each the destination. It is used to communicate the system which we are in different networks. Software Requirements

O.S:- It is a group of executable programs. It is interface between user & hardware Devices .O.S available In two models. CUI - Mode GUI - ModeOperating Systems:-

Microsoft - Dos, WindowsSun - Solaris

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Apple - AppleTalk, MechtashNovell - NetwareCisco - UNIXRed hat -Linux

Microsoft Operating Systems:-Dos - 1985 - 1.1----6.22Win9.5 - 1995 - 3.0Win 97 - 1997 -4.0Win 98 -1998 - 4.1Win ME -2000 - 5.0Win NT -4.0Win 2000 - 2000 -5.0Win Xp - 2002 -5.1Win 2003 -2003 -5.2Win – Vista -2007 -6.0Win .2008 -2008 -6.0Win.7 -2009 -6.1

The total Microsoft operating systems divided in two types.9x- familyNT family

9x Family:-DOSWin 95Win 97Win 98Win 98 SEWin ME

NT family:- - Sp1

Win NT4.0 - Sp2 -Sp3

Win 2000 --Server--Professional--Advanced Server--Data Center

Win XP --Home--Professional - --Xp1

--Xp2 --Xp3

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Crystal - XPBlue - XPBlack -XP

Win -2003 --Web edition --Enterprise --Standard --Data Center

--HomeWin Vista - --Business

--Ultimate --Home basic

-- EnterpriseWin 2008 - -- Standard -- Data Center

Win 7- -- Home --Business --Ultimate

NIC Drivers: - It is a piece of software which is used to interface between device & operating system.Protocol: - It is a piece of software which is used to communicate the one system to another system in a network. Types of protocols’:-NET BEUIIPS/SPXAPPLE TALKTCP/IP

Client:-It is used for Microsoft network which is used to access the data from client computers.Service:-File and print sharing service which is used to share the resources in a network.

ADDRESS Basically address is two types.Physical Address:-It is called as MAC address, built in network card. (Media Access Controller) In this address used in 0-9 numbers. A-F letters To view the physical address

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Start |RUN

|CMD

| Ok.

C:\getmac

Logical Address:-It is a 32 bit address built in protocol logical address is called as IP address. The total logical address divided into 5 classes.

Class – A ---- 1 to 126Class – B ---- 128 to 191Class – C ---- 192 to 223Class – D ---- 224 to 239Class – E ---- 240 to 255

The IP address should be start in 1.0.0.1 The IP address can’t start the 0 and 255 doesn’t end the 0 and 255 To view and add the IP address in XP & server-2003

My Network Places |

R/C |

Properties |

Local Area Network |

Properties |

TCP/IP |

Properties

To view and add the IP address in 2008 & Vista My Network

| Properties

| View Status

| Local Area Network

|

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Properties|

TCP/IP|

Properties

Class N/W Bit Host Bit A 1 3 B 2 2 C 3 1To view & modify the Host name (computer name)

My Computer|

R/C|

Properties|

Computer Name|

Change

To view add & modify host name in 2008 My Computer

| R/C

| Properties

| Charge Settings

| Computer Name

| Change.

Errors:-Requested timed out

The problem is physical connections.Ex:-LAN card, Jack---------e.t.cDestination host unreachable

The network IP’s different in a network.Ex:-100.0.0.1, 100.0.0.2

IP ConflictThe two systems IP address same in a network.

Ex: - 100.0.0.1 100.0.0.1

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Features of NT Based Operating System:-1. We can configure as Server & Work Systems2. SMP (Symmetrical Multiprocessing) Support3. Max. RAM support is 4GB4. Domain Architecture5. Profit concepts for user accounts6. Servers (DHCP, WINS, DNS, IIS, FTP)7. Advanced file permissions.8. Event log in

NT 4.0 Features:-1. It is a default domain controller2. There is no domain structure3. The Max .Ram is 4GB4. Max. Processor support 325. Suitable for applications6. By default protocol is NETBUI

Win 2000:-Server, advanced Server, Data center

Server:-1. 4 way SMP support2. The MAX.RAM is 4GB3. Suitable for applications4. We can configure as different servers5. Domain architecture

Advanced Server:-1. 8 way SMP support2. Max .RAM support is 8GB3. Suitable for applications’ in network load booting.

Data Center;-1. 32 way SMP support2. Support 32 processors3. Max .RAM is 32 GB4. Suitable for applications in network load booting

Win 2003Enterprise, Standard, Data Center

Standard:-1. We can configure as server & work section2. The Max RAM is 4GB3. Domain architecture4. The default protocol is TCP/IP

Enterprise:-32 Bit 64 Bit8 processor 32processor8 RAM 32 RAM

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Data Center:-1. 64 processes2. 64 GB RAM

Features of 2003:-1. IP version six supports2. IIS – 6.0 (for advanced web server)3, It support shadow copies4. Raids supported NTFS file system.

Features of 2008:-1. DHCP Server – 6.0 support

(Dynamic Host Configuration protocol)2. IIS – 7.03. Bit lock disk encryption4. Server Roles5. IP version 6 support6. NAP (Network access policy)7. Advanced Security with firewall

Bootable Files9x Family:-

1. I/O .sys2. Command.com3. MS DOS .Sys4. Config.sys5. Autoexec Bat

I/o. sys:-It maintains input & output devicesCommand.com:-It maintains internal commands very Microsoft have internal

commands it maintains file level administrationMS Dos . sys :-It is a mediator between I/o.sys and command.com

Config.sys:-It maintains device driver’s informationAutoexec.Bat:-It maintenance auto extentions

NOTE;-These two files config.sys and autoexec .Bat is called as start up files.

NT Family:-1. NTLDR2. Boot.INI3. Boot sect .Dos4. NTDetect.com

5. NT boot DD .SysAnd including 9X family Bootable files.

NTLDR:-It is a main bootable file of NT Family. It maintains entire operating system.Boot.INI:-It support duel Booting

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Boot Sect .DOS:-In this file maintains used to divides the two operating stem bootable files.

NT detect.com:-It maintains total components in a system.NT Boot DD. sys:-It maintains SCSI devices.

WIN, Vista, 2008, 20071. Boot mgr2. Boot Sect. Bak3. Page file .sys4. Hyberfil . sys

and including 9x family Bootable files. Boot Mgr:-It maintains entire operating system.

Default folders9x family:-

1. My documents2. Windows3. Program files

NT Family:-Win NT 4.0, 2000:-

1. Documents & settings2. Windows NT3. Program files

WIN xp.2003:-1. Documents & settings2. Windows3. Program Files4. WMPUB (Windows Media Publishers)

Win, Vista, 2008, 2007:-1. Users

2. Windows3. Program files

1. The folders my documents, users and document & settings maintains user account Data base 2. The folders Windows, Win NT maintains entire operating system. 3. The folder program file maintains application Software database.

Types of servers:-1. Stand alone2. DC (domain controller)3. Member Server

Stand alone:-It is fresh copy of NT family operating system. Ex:-xp, 2000, 2003, 2008.

Domain Controller:-It should be the first PC in domain invironment.It maintains centralised user data base, we convert 2000, 2003, 2008.Types of domain Controller:-

1. Primary domain controller

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2. Additional domain controller (Backup)3. Chiled domain controller.Member Server:-It is a member of domain controller

Windows 2008 InstallationRequirements:-

Processor - 1.7GHZRAM - 512HDD - 7 to 10GBFile system - FAT 32 and NTFSSource - One 2008 DVD

Process:- 1. Insert the DVD in DVD-ROM 2. We go to BIOS set Boot sequence as DVD.ROM, then save & exit setup 3. Press any key to Boot from CD/DVD

4. Select the language, English 5. To click the “Install now” option. 6. Select 2008 additions 7 I accept agreement

8. Select he custom installation option9. To delete the partition press “delete” option10. To create the partition press “new” option11. To setup the windows 2008 operating system press12. To restart your computer13. Then follow the installation14. To create user account 15. Then following installation Domain Controller Creation:-Requirements:-

1. NIC card 2. The boot partition should be in NTFS file system3. DNS4. the DC name should be comes with .com extension5. the system which we want to make a domain controller that

system should be having windows 2000/2003/2008 server based operating system

Start

| Run

| Dcpromo

| OK Create directory domain Servers installation

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| Create a new domain a new forest |

Next |

Type the FQDN name (fully Qualified domain)(EX-Siva.com)

| |Next

|Select the O.S name (Ex:-Win 2008 R2)

Next | Next | Yes |Next |

Type the password

Next |Next |Finish.

USER ACCOUNTSIt is an operating system program. By using user account we can pas the

instructions and get output results. User is a software program.

User Accounts Default User Account External User Accounts

1. Administrator2. Guest

Support.38To create user account in client systems:-To create user account in two models.

CUI ModeGUI Mode

CUI Mode :-( Vista, 2008)To create user account without password.

C:\ net user name /add C:\ net user sunny /add

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To create user account with password C:\ net user name password /add

C:\ net user sunny sunny /add

To set the password in already existed accountC:\ net user name *

C:\ net user sunny *

To delete user accountC:\ net user name /delC:\ net user sunny /del

GUI Mode:-In this create user account in two modelsA.)Vista

My computer -> R/C -> Manage -> Local Users & computers -> Users - R/C -> New user

A)WIN 2008My Computer -> R/C -> Manage -> Configuration -> Expand -> Local user & Groups -> User -> R/C -> New user

Vista & 2008 Control panel -> R/C -> Open -> User accounts -> Manage another account ->

reate a new account -> Type the name -> Standard user -> Create account

User permitions

Ofter creating D.C We can assain logon permitions for the user in security policyOn a workgroupThere is only local security policy in administrator tools

But on domain controller we have two permitionsDefault domain :-then give the prmitions to the user in this policy they can logon a domain onlyStart -> programs -> administrative tools -> group policy management -> expand the forest -> expand the domain -> default domain policy -> Edit -> Policies -> Windows Settings -> Security Settings -> Local policies -> User rights assignment -> Allow log in locally -> Add user (or) group -> Browse -> advanced

-> Find now -> Select the user -> OK.

Default domain controller :- then give the permitions to the user in this policy they can logon domains & domain controller

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Start -> programs -> administrative tools -> group policy management -> expand the forest -> expand the domain -> default domain controller policy -> Edit -> Policies -> Windows Settings -> Security Settings -> Local policies -> User rights assignment -> Allow log in locally -> Add user (or) group -> Browse -> advanced

-> Find now -> Select the user -> OK.Note:- so we can assain permitions to the users in both policy

Net group : - to view the user group To create a group C:\ net group group name /add

C:\ net group sunny /addTo add a user to the group (only in domain controller)

C:\ net group groupname user /add C:\net group sunny bunny /add

To delete user from group

C:\ net group groupname user /delC:\ net group sunny bunny /del

To delete the groupC:\net group groupname /delC:\ net group sunny /del Home Folder:-By using home folder concept as an administrator we can assign

our domain hard disk space to the particular user.

Process:-first of all we have to share the users folder with proper permission.Start ->Program -> Administrator tools -> Active Directory user & Computers -> Select the particular user -> R/C -> properties -> Profile tab -> Select correct option & then type ->\\Computer name\stand\folder name\user name\Ex:-\\red\users\nani.

USER PROFILESProfile:-

To maintain our own individual desktop settings at the time of user logon. By using profile we can maintain individual desktop settings .Ex:-Sreensaver, Icon Settings, Start menu settings & wallpaper settings……..etc at the time of user logon.Profiles are 3 types:-

1. Local Profile2. Roaming Profile3. Mandatory profile.

Local Profile:-Local profile are created at the time of first time user logon in a domain.

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Roaming profile:-TO maintains our own individual settings at the time of user logon in a logon domain in any client systems.Process:-2008:-To create a new folder in c drive & share with proper permissions. New folder name \\

Start -> programs -> administrator tools -> active directory users& computers ->select the domain controller name -> expand -> users ->select the purticaler user -> R/C ->properties -> select the profile tab -> then type -> \\hostname\shared folder name \user name \\REd\naren\sunny

Mandatory:-By using mandatory profile concept as an administrator we can fix the desktop settttttings to the particular user.ProcessProcess:-Goto boot partition, select the document & settings. Select the user folder, open, select the particular user and right click the NT user to NT user. MAN

Note:-It is used in 2000 & 2003 servers’ only. We can’t user 2008 server.

LOGON SCRIPTWhich is used tot eigute the for defined exigutable file search as the {calc.exe} at the time of user logon.Process:-1. Shared the windows folder with proper permissions.2. To open notepad and type the file path.\\hostname\windows\system 32\calc.exeSave the file c:\windowssystem 32 -> sysvol -> sysvol ->domain name -> scripts -> save the file witch .bat extension ->

Start -> programs -> admin tools ->active directory users & computers -> users -> select the particular user -> R/C -> properties -> profile tab -> logon script (file name 123.bat) -> apply -> ok

Protocol:- It is a peace of software which is pass the rules & regulations in a particular network and control the network data transmission.Protocol Task:-

1. Naming & Addressing:- It maintain system name & IP address2. Message Segmentation:- It divides the data packets type3. Flow control synchronization: - Acknowledgement.4. Error Controls: - It maintains feedback data translation.5. Routing:- It communicate with different networks.

Protocol types:-1. Net Beui - Microsoft2. Ipx/spx - Novell

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\\file name

3. Apple talk - Apple4. TCP/IP - Universal {ARPA}

Advanced Research Project Agency.

WINSWINS:- Windows Internet Naming ServiceIt is a one of the name service in windows Server family .Which resolve NetBIOS name to IP address.

Ex:-

Ping 100.0.0.1------------------RedPing RED ------------------100.0.0.1

Server Installation:-My Computer -> R/C -> manage ->features -> R/C -> add features -

>WINS -> next -> install

TO add WINS server client:-My Computer -> R/C -> manage -> server manager -> view network connection ->local area network -> R/C -> properties -> IPv4 -> properties ->Advanced -> WINS -> type the WINS server IP address -> add -> ok

DHCP:- Dynamic Host Configuration protocol.It is a one of the protocol Service, in windows Server family. Which provides the IP address to particular network in APIPA Systems.APIPA:-Automatic Private Internet Protocol Address.

DHCP Installation My Computer -> R/C -> manage -> roles -> R/C -> add roles -> DHCP -> next -> install

To add IP address in DHCP:-

Start -> administrative tools -> DHCP -> IPv4 -.> R/C -> new scope -> type the new scope -> add the start & ending IP address -> next -> NO.1 will configure systems -> ok

To Active the Scope:-Start -> admin tools -> DHCP -> IPv4 -> scope -> R/C -> active > ok

DNS Installation

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Domain Naming Service:-It is an advanced naming service in widows server family, which resolved domain name to IP address and IP address to domain name.DNS maintains fully qualified domain name service.

NT 4.0 2000 2003 2008 WINS WINS WINS WINS ADS ADS ADS ADDS DNS DNS DNS WINS

IIS ( Internet Information Service )

It is a web application.To installation IIS server installation

My Computer -> R/C -> manage -> roles -> add roles -> select IIs -> next -> next -> next -> install

2. To save the text document with “HTML” extension.

R/C Desktop

Text document Type the some data Save.html extension Save as -> c: -> Inetpub -> www root -> file name (123.html ) -> save -> ok

To add IP address in IIS Server:- My Computer -> R/C -> manage -> server manager -> View network connection -> local area connection -> properties -> IPV4 -> properties ->advanced -> IP settings -> type the IP address (100.0.0.50 ) add -> ok

To create Web Sites:-Start -> programs -> admin tools -> IIs manager -> expand the system

name -> sites -> R/C -> Add web site -> site name ( siva ) -> physical path -> IP address -> www.siva.com ->ok -> Default document -> add -> 123.html -> ok

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File register {IP address registors}My Computer -> c:\ -> windows ->. System32 -.>. Drivers -> . Etc -> host -> notepad ->ok -> then type address -> type the host name ( www. Siva.com) -> save

FTP Server Installation

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My Computer -> R/C -> manage -> roles -> add roles -> select IIs -> next -> next -> we can select FTP publishing service ->ok -.> next -> install

2. To save the text document with “HTML” extension.R/C Desktop

Text document Type the some data Save.html extension Save as -> c: -> Inetpub -> FTP root -> file name (123.html ) -> save -> ok

. To add IP address in FTP Server:- My Computer -> R/C -> manage -> server manager -> View network connection -> local area connection -> properties -> IPV4 -> properties ->advanced -> IP settings -> type the IP address (100.0.0.50 ) add -> ok

Web Site Creation:-Start -> programs – IIS 6.0 -> Expand system name -> FTP site -> R/C ->

new FTP site -> next -> next -> description -> Add IP address (100.0.0.50 ) read & write -> next -> c:\netpub \ETP \ FTP role -> next

Shadow Copy

It is used to copy the shared folders.

Process:-To create are folderAnd then create files in a folderShare the folder with proper permissions

R/C of the particular driver.

| Properties

|Shadow copies

| Enable

| Apply

|OK.

After modify the data, we can use previous data only.

R/C of particular folder -> previous version -> restore -> restore -> ok ->ok

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Distributed File System:-Which is used to access the total systems shared folders in a single system.To

install DFS server.My Computer -> R/C -> manage -> roles -> add roles -> DFS ->

next(2) -> install

To add the shared folders in DFS:- Start -> programs -> admin tools -> DFS management -> name

space -> R/C -> New Name Space ->Host name {naren}-> Next ->Folder nameDomain {or} Standalone -> Next -> Create.

To add the Shared Folders in DFS Folder:- Start -> Programs -> Admin Tools ->DFS Management ->Expand

name space -> Select the DFS folder -> R/C -> New Folder -> Shared folder name -> Add -> \\hostname\sharefolder -> //India/2 -> OK.

To Browse the shared folder in DFS:- Start

| RUN Stand Alone

|\\hostname\DFS foldername

\india\red.

Domain:-\\domainname\DFS foldername

\\red.com\red.

Remote Desktop

Which is used to access the one system to another system desktop. Start

| Programs

|Accessories

|Remote desktop

|Type the computer name (or) IP address

|Connect Type admin & password.

NOTE:- First of all we have to enable the remote desktop option.

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My Computer|R/C|

Properties|

Remote Settings|

Remote|

Allow connections from computers running any version of remote desktop.|OK.

Windows Server BackupWhich is used to save the data one location to another location, called as Backup. To install the Backup

My Computer|

R/C|

Manage|

Features|

Add Features|

Windows Server Backup Features|

Next|

Install.To Backup :-

Start|

Programs|

Admin Tools|

Windows Server Backup|

Backup Schedule|

Next|

Select custom option

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| Next

|Select the drive

| Next

|More than one a day

|Select the time

| Add

| Finish.

Remote Shared Backup:-Which is used to Backup the data one system to another system.

Process:- We have to create one folder in destination system and shared the proper permissions.

Start -> Programs ->Admin Tools ->Windows Server Backup ->Backup Schedule -> Next -> Select custom option -> Next -> Select the particular drive -> Remote shared folder -> type the destination system name & shared folder name -> Backup.

To Restore the Backup:- Insert the windows 2008 bootable DVD in DVD ROM. Set the Boot sequence. Press any key to boot from CD (or) DVD Select the language English Repair your computer, next Windows complete PC restore Use the last available backup NextNextfinish. I confirm that I want to erase all existed data and restore the Backup.

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