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McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols
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McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

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Page 1: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Chapter 14

MulticastingAnd

MulticastRouting Protocols

Page 2: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

CONTENTSCONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION• MULTICAST ROUTING• MULTICAST TREES• MULTICAST ROUTING PROTOCOLS• DVMRP• MOSPF• CBT• PIM• MBONE

Page 3: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

INTRODUCTION

14.114.1

Page 4: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 14-1

Unicasting

Page 5: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

In unicast routing, the router forwards In unicast routing, the router forwards

the received packet through the received packet through

only one of its interfaces.only one of its interfaces.

Page 6: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 14-2

Multicasting

Page 7: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

In multicast routing, In multicast routing, the router may forward the the router may forward the

received packet received packet through several of its interfaces.through several of its interfaces.

Page 8: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 14-3:a

Multicasting versus multiple unicasting

Page 9: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 14-3:b

Multicasting versus multiple unicasting

Page 10: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Emulation of multicasting through Emulation of multicasting through multiple unicasting is not multiple unicasting is not

efficient and may efficient and may create long delays, create long delays,

particularly with a large group.particularly with a large group.

Page 11: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

MULTICAST ROUTING

14.214.2

Page 12: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

MULTICASTTREES

14.314.3

Page 13: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

In a source-based tree approach, In a source-based tree approach, the combination of source the combination of source

and group determines the tree. and group determines the tree.

Page 14: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

In the group-shared tree approach, In the group-shared tree approach, the group determines the tree.the group determines the tree.

Page 15: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

MULTICASTROUTING

PROTOCOLS

14.414.4

Page 16: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 14-4

Multicast routing protocols

Page 17: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

DVMRP

14.514.5

Page 18: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 14-5

Reverse path forwarding

Page 19: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

In reverse path forwarding (RPF), In reverse path forwarding (RPF), the router forwards only the router forwards only

the packets that have traveled the the packets that have traveled the shortest path from the source shortest path from the source

to the router; all other to the router; all other copies are discarded.copies are discarded.

Page 20: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

RPF prevents RPF prevents the formation of loops.the formation of loops.

Page 21: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 14-6

Reverse path broadcasting

Page 22: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 14-7

RPF versus RPB

Page 23: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

RPB creates a shortest path RPB creates a shortest path broadcast tree from the source broadcast tree from the source

to each destination. to each destination. It guarantees that each destination It guarantees that each destination

receives one and only receives one and only one copy of the packet. one copy of the packet.

Page 24: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 14-8

RPF, RPB, and RPM

Page 25: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

RPM adds pruning and grafting to RPB RPM adds pruning and grafting to RPB to create a multicast shortest to create a multicast shortest

path tree that supports path tree that supports dynamic membership changes.dynamic membership changes.

Page 26: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

MOSPF

14.614.6

Page 27: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 14-9

Unicast tree and multicast tree

Page 28: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

CBT

14.714.7

Page 29: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 14-10

Shared-group tree with rendezvous router

Page 30: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 14-11Sending a multicast packet to

the rendezvous router

Page 31: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

In CBT, the source sends the In CBT, the source sends the multicast packet (encapsulated in a multicast packet (encapsulated in a unicast packet) to the core router. unicast packet) to the core router. The core router decapsulates the The core router decapsulates the

packet and forwards it packet and forwards it to all interested hosts. to all interested hosts.

Page 32: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

PIM

14.814.8

Page 33: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

PIM-DM is used in a PIM-DM is used in a dense multicast environment, dense multicast environment, such as a LAN environment.such as a LAN environment.

Page 34: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

PIM-DM uses RPF and pruning/grafting PIM-DM uses RPF and pruning/grafting

strategies to handle multicasting. strategies to handle multicasting. However, it is independent from However, it is independent from the underlying unicast protocol.the underlying unicast protocol.

Page 35: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

PIM-SM is used in a sparse multicastPIM-SM is used in a sparse multicastenvironment such as a WAN.environment such as a WAN.

Page 36: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

PIM-SM is similar to CBT PIM-SM is similar to CBT but uses a simpler procedure. but uses a simpler procedure.

Page 37: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

MBONE

14.914.9

Page 38: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 14-12

Logical tunneling

Page 39: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 14-13

MBONE

Page 40: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols.

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

DVMRP supports MBONEDVMRP supports MBONE


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