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M()C L()C
Lai n6i dati 3
Chuang 13. HQp chat nitrJ
13.1. H<;1pchat nitrozo13.1.1. Phuong phap t6ng h<;1p13.1.2. Tfnh chat
13.2. H<;1pchat nitro13.2.1. Phuong phap t6ng h<;1p13.2.2. Tfnh chat
13.3. H<;1pchat isoxyanat ya diisoxyanat13.3.1 Phuong phap Mng h<;1p13.3.2. Tfnh chat
1. Tac dvng YClinuClc2. Tac dvng YCliancol3. Tac dvng YCliamin
13.4. H<;1pchat azit13.4.1. Phuong phap t6ng h<;1p13.4.2. Tinh chat cua azit
1. Phan ling khti azit2. Phan ling phan huy cae ankylazit3. Phan ling phan huy cae axylazit
13.5. H<;1pchat diazo13.5.1. Phuong phap t6ng h<;1p
13.5.2. Tinh chat cua h<;1pchat diazo1. Tac dvng YCliaxit2. Tac dvng YClicloruaaxit hay anhidrit axit3. Tac dvng YClixeton4. Phan ling phan My h<;1pchat diazo5. Tac dvug YClian ken
13.6. Amin
13.6.1. Danh phap
13.6.2. Phuong phap t6ng h<;1p1. Ankyl h6a trl,ic tier amoniac hay amin2. Phan ling Gabriel (phan ling ankyl h6a gian tier)3. Phan ling thoai ph an Hofmann4. Phan ling khti .
a) Khti h<;1pchat nitro
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b) Khit h<;1pch~t mtrinc) Khit oximd) Khit amite) Khit imin
13.6.3. Tfnh chat v~t ly13.6.4. Cau trUc cua amiD
13.6.5. Tfnh chat hoa hQC1. Tfnh bazd
2. S1,1t~o muoi3. Pha.n ungcua hidro cua N- H4. Phan ung t~o thanh isonitrin
5. Tac d\mg voi SOClz6. Halogen hoa amiD
7. Tac d\mg voi SF48. Tac d\lng voi axit nitrd9. Phan ung oxi hoa10. Phan ung the VIlOnhan benzen cua amiD thdm
a) Phan ung halogen hOab) Phan ung nitro hoac) Phan ung axyl hoad) Phan ung Vilsmeiere) Phan ung sunfo hoaf) Phlm ung sunfoclo hoa
11. Phan ung dliic trung xac dinh amiD13.7. H<;1pchat amoni b~c bOn
13.7.1. Phlm ung tach cua h<;1pchat amoni b~c bon13.7.2. Xuc tac chuyen pha
13.8. Muoi diazoni13.8.1. Cau trUc cua cation diazoni
13.8.2. Can b~mg axit - bazd cua ion diazoni13.8.3. Tfnh chat cua muoi diazoni
1. Phlm ung tach Nza) Phan ung t~o thanh phenolb) Phan ung t~o thanh Ar- I
, c) Phan ung t~o thanh thiophenol Ar-SHd) Phan ung t~o thanh Ar-F (phan ung Schiemann)
e) Phan ung t~o thanh Ar- NOz (phan ung Gatterman)f) Phan ung Sandmeyer
g) Phan ung the Nz bang Hh) Phan ung aryl hoa (phan ung Gomberg- Bachmann)
2. Phan ung tier vi azoa) Phanung voi anilinb) Phan ung voi phenol va ddn xuat
13.9. Amin khong no - enamin va azometyl
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13.10. Diamin
13.10.1. PhuC1ng phap t6ng hIJp13.10.2. Tinh chat
13.11. Chat mau
13.11.1. Quan ni~m va cau truc chat mau13.11.2. Chat mau t\j nhien13.11.3. Phalli nhui)m
13.12. T6ng hIJp hfiu cC113.12.1. Cau truc bi) khung ml;tch cacbon
a) Tang mi)t cacbonb) Tang hai cacbonc) Tang ml;tch cacbond) Tang ml;tch cacbon chua n6i bae) Tang ml;tch cacbon chua n6i d6i
13.12.2. Nh6m chuc
a) Dua nh6m chuc vao phan titb) Lol;ti bO nh6mchucc) Chuyen h6a nhOm chuc
13.12.3. Kiem chung ve h6a h<;>cl~p the
a) Phlm ung the SN2b) Hidro hOa xuc tac ankyl
c) Khit bang Na trong NH3d) Oxi h6a anken bang tetroxit osmie) Ci)ng halogen vao ankenf) Tach luang phan titg) Hidro bo h6ah) Epoxy hOa ankeni) Md yang epoxitk) Ci)ng cacben
13.12.4. Nh6m baa v~
13.12.5. L~p sC1do t6ng hIJp
Chuang 14. Hqp chat dj vong
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100
14.1. HIJp chat d! yang khOng thC1m14.1.1. Danh phap14.1.2. PhuC1ng phap Mng hIJp14.1.3. Tinh chat cua d! yang khOng thC1m
14.2. HIJp chat d! yang thC1m14.2..1. D! yang Ham Cl;tnh
1. PhuC1ng phap t6ng hIJp2. Tinh chat v~t If3. Cau truc cua furan, pyrol va thiophen4. Tinh chat h6a h<;>c
a) Tinh axit
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b) Tinh bazo
c) Phan dng the electrophin SEd) Phan dng khli
e) Phan dng thuy phan0 Phan dng chuyen hoa giUa cac dj tog) Phan dng c(>ng
14.2.2. HCJpchat dj yang nam c~nh ngung t\l
1. Danb pbap va eau true2. Phuong phap t6ng hCJp3. Tinh chat
14.2.3. HCJp chat dj yang nam c~nh hai dj to - azol
1. Phuong phap t6ng hCJpa) HCJpcMit 1,2- oxazol duCJcdieu che tit ph an dng cua hidrazin
hay hidroxylamin vai 1,3- dicacbonylb) HCJp chat 1,2- oxazol duCJc dieu che tit phan dng yang hoa cua
nitrinoxit vai axetylenc) HCJPchat 1,3- azol duCJc t6ng hCJpMng cach lo~i nuac cua
1,4- dicacbonyl2. Tinh chat v~t ly3. Cau truc cua azol
4. Tinh chat hoa h9C
14.2.4. HCJpchat dj yang sau c~nh - pyridin1. Phuong phap t6ng hCJp2. Tinh chat v~t ly cua pyridin3. Cau truc cua pyridin4. Tinh chat hoa h9C
a) Tinh baw cua pyridinb) Phan dng the electrophinc) Phan dng the nucleophind) Phan dng khlie) Phfm dng oxi hoa0 Phfm dng cua goc ankyl cua ankylpyridin
14.2.5. HCJp chat dj yang sau c~nh ngung t\l1. Phuong phap t6ng hCJp
a) Phuong phap t6ng hCJpSkraupb) Phfm dng Dobner - Millerc) Phan dng Friedlanderd) Phfm dng Bischler - Napieralaki
2. Tinh chat hoa h9Ca) Phan dng the electrophinb) Phfm dng the nucleophinc) Phan dng khlid) Phan dng oxi hoa
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14.2.6. HelP chat d~ yang sau c~nh hai di to1. Phuong phIlp t6ng helP2. Tinh chat bOa hQc
14.2.7. Tinh chat d~c trung cua helP chat d! yang
14.3. Pyron14.3.1. Phuong phIlp t6ng helP
1. T6ng helP a- pyron2. T6ng helP y- pyron
14.3.2. Tinh chat cua pyron14.4. Ancaloit
14.4.1. Ancaloit co d! yang nam c~nh, mi?t nito14.4.2. D! yang nam c~nh, hai nito14.4.3. Ancaloit d! yang sau c~nh, mi?t nito14.4.4. Ancaloit d! yang sau c~nh, ngung t',1 chung mi?t nitd14.4.5. Ancaloit d! yang naill, sau c~nh ngung t',1 mi?t d! to nito14.4.6. Ancaloit co hai d! yang mi?t nito14.4.7. Ancaloit ba d! yang ngung t',1 vdi ba nita
14.5. Chat khang sinh14.5.1. Penixylin14.5.2. Tetraxyclin
14.5.3. Levomixetin (clomixitin)
14.5.4. Streptomixin
Chuang 15. Hidroxo va hidratcacbon
15.1. Hidroxo
15.1.1. Phuong phIlp t6ng helP hidroxo1. Phan ling ngung t',1 andol2. Phan ling ngung t',1 axyloin3. Ph an ling ngung t',1 benzoin4. Khti tung phan diandehit hay dixeton ho~c oxi hoa tung phan dial
15.1.2. Tinh chat bOa hQc
1. Phan ling 100;linudc (dehidrat boa)2. Phan ling phan cat m~ch3. Phan ling yang bOa
15.2. Hidratcacbon15.2.1. Monosaccarit
1. Cau hlnh d~ng hd cua monosaccarit2. Cau hlnh d~ng yang ctla monosaccarit3. Cau d~ng cua monosaccal'it4. S1j chuyen hoa anome5. Cau d~ng cua furanozo6. Tlnh chat hoa hQc cua monosaccarit
. a) Phan ling ete bOa
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b) Phan ung este h6ac) Phan ung t~o thanh axetal va xetal vangd) Phan ung t~o thanh phenylhidrazon va ozazone) Phan ung oxi hOa0 Phan ung khitg) Phan ung tang m~ch cacbonh) Phan ung rut ngan m~ch
15.2.2. Oligosaccarit1. Mantozo2. 8accarozo3. Lactozo4. Xenlobiozo5. Raffinozo
6. Chat duang photphat7. Phuong phap xac djnh cac hIJp chat duang
15.2.3. Polysaccarit1. Xenlulozo2. Tinh bqt
a) Amylozob) Amylopectinc) Xyclodextrin
15.3. Quang t6ng hIJp cac chat duang
15.4. Qua trinh chuyen hOa cua gluxit
Chuang 16. Aminoaxit - protit
16.1. Aminoaxit
16.1.1. Danh phap16.1.2. Phuong phap t6ng hIJp
1. Amin h6a cac halogenua axit2. Phuong phap este phtalimidomalonic cua Gabriel3. Phuong phap xyanhidrin4. Phuong phap Miscellaneous5. Khit cac hIJp chat nitro, oxim hay hidrazon cua a- andehit axit hay
a- xetoaxit
6. Tac d1,mgeste axetoaxetic the vClimu6i phenyldiazoni7. Cqng amoniac vao axit chua no8. 81,(phan giai cae hIJp chat aminoaxit quang ho~t
16.1.3. Cau truc cua aminoaxit va tfnh chat v~t Ii16.1.4. Tfnh chat h6a hQC
1. Tfnh axit - bazo cua aminoaxit2. Tinh chat cua nh6m -COOH3. Tinh chat ciia nhOm amin
a) Axyl hOa nh6m amin thanh amit trong diEmki~n kiem
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b) Ankyl hOa nhom am in bang CH31 hay (CH3)z804 khi co kiem4. Tac dl,mg cua nhi~t5. Pha.n ung mau cua aminoaxit
a) Phan ung biuretb) Phan ung xangtoproteitc) Phan ung Milond) Phan ung v<'lininhidrin
6. Phan ung d~c trung cua aminoaxit16.2. Peptit
16.2.1. Phuong philp t6ng h<Jp peptit16.2.2. Cau truc cua pep tit16.2.3. Tfnh chat cua peptit16.2.4. Phuong philp xac dinh cau truc peptit
16.3. Protit
16.3.1. Phan lol;\i protit1. Protein2. Proteit
16.3.2. Cau truc cua protit1. Cau truc b~c nhat2. Cau truc b~c hai3. Cau truc b~c ba va cao hon
16.3.3. Ttnh chat cua protit1. Ttnh chat luong tinh2. Phan ung mau3. Tfnh tan
4. 81,ibien ttnh cua protit5. 81,iket tua protit6. Hol;\t tinh sinh 11
16.4. Nucleoproteit - Axit nucleic16.4.1. Nucleoproteit16.4.2. Nucleotit16.4.3. Nucleozit
..16.4.4. Axit nucleic16.4.5. Vai tro sinh hc;>ccua axit nucleic
16.5. Enzym - Coenzym16.6. Thuc an nhan tl;\O16.7. Vitamin
16.7.1. Vitamin C
16.7.2. Vitamin Bl16.7.3. Vitamin B1216.7.4. Vitamin E16.7.5. Vitamin K16.7.6. Vitamin D16.7.7. Vitamin A
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16.7.8. Vitamin F16.7.9. Vitamin P
Chuang 17. Hqp chat cao phfm tic
17.1. Stj khac nhau giua h<;1pchat cao va thap phan tit
17.2. Danh phap polyme
17.3. Phan lo:;\i polyme17.3.1. Phv thuQc thanh phan17.3.2. Phv thuQc vao cau trUc m:;\ch phan tit17.3.3. PhV thuQc vao tfnh chat ly hQC
17.3.4. PhV thuQc vao thanh phan m:;\ch chlnh cua phan tit17.4. Phtl<1ng phap t6ng h<;1ppolyme
17.5. Monome - nguyen li~u dau cho t6ng h<;1ppolyme
17.6. Phlm ung trimg h<;1p17.6.1. Phan ung trimg h<;1pgoc
1. Cac giai do:;\n trimg h<;1pgoc2. Toc dQ phan ung trimg h<;1p3. Nhung nhan to anh huang tbi phan ung trimg h<;1p
a) Anh huang cua nhi~t dQb) A.nh huang cua chat klch thfchc) Anh huang cua Dong dQ maDamed) Anh huang cua ap suat
4. Cac phuong philp kfch thfch trung h<;1pa) Kfch thfch bang nhi~tb) Kfch thfch bang anh sangc) Kfch thfch buc x:;\
5. Phan ung chuyen m:;\cha) Chuyen m:;\ch qua maDameb) Chuyen m:;\ch qua chat kfch thfchc) Chuyen m:;\ch qua dung moid) Chuyen m:;\ch qua polyme
6. Chat dieu hba - Chat kim ham - Chat che't m:;\ch. 7. Cau truc maDame va kha Dang trung h<;1p
a) Phan ung trung h<;1pxay ra khi nhi~t trung h<;1pduongb) Toc dQ trung h<;1pphv thuQc vao hi~u ung electron cua nh6m
the
c) Toc dQ trung h<;1pphV thuQc vao cau truc l~p the cua monomed) Toc dQ trung h<;1pphv thuQc vao ban chat cua goc ttj doe) Cau truc cua mono me anh huang Ibn den cau truc cua m:;\ch
phan tit polyme17.6.2. Phan ung trung h<;1pcation17.6.3. Phan ung trung h<;1panion
17.6.4. Phan ung trung h<;1pdieu hba l~p the
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17.7. PMn ang dong trimg hqp17.7.1. Phan ang dong trimg hqp g6c17.7.2. Phan ang dong trimg hqp ion
17.8. PMn ang trimg hqp ph an b~c (hay doi chuyen)
17.9. PhuC1ng phIlp th\iC nghi~m tieD hi'mh trimg hqpa) Phuong phIlp trimg hqp khOib) PhuC1ng phIlp trimg hqp trong dung djchc) PhuC1ng phIlp trimg hqp nhii tuC1ngd) Phuong phIlp trimg hqp huyen phile) Phan ang trung hqp trong tu<1ng khff) Phan ang trung hqp trong tu<1ng ran
17.10. PMn ang trung ngung17.10.1. Phan ang trung ngung can bang17.10.2. Phan ang ph\! trong phan ang trung ngung17.10.3. PhuC1ng philp tieD hi'mh trung ngung can bang
a) Trung ngung Dong chayb) Trung ngung trong dung djchc) Trung ngung trong tu<1ng ran
17.10.4. Phan ang trilng ngung khOng can bang
17.11. Cali truc phan tii polyme17.11.1. Cali hinh cua phan tii polyme17.11.2. Cali d~ng polyme
17.11.3. Cali truc ngo~i vi ph an tii17.12. Tr~ng thai v~t If cua polyme
17.12.1. Tr~ng thai v~t If17.12.2. S\i bien d~ng cua polyme17.12.3. Duong cong co hQc
17.13. Tfnh chat cua polyme17.13.1. Tfnh tan
17.13.2. DQ nMt cua polyme
17.13.3. Kh6i luqng phan tii cua polyme17.13.4. DQ da ph an tii luqng1,,7.13.5. Tfnh chat cC1hQc cua polyme
17.13.6. S\i lao hoa cua polyme17.13.7. Phan ang chuyen hoa hoa hQc cua polyme
17.14. Elastome - Caosu
17.15. Chat cleo
1. Polyetylen (PE)2. Polystyren3. Polyvinylclorua4. Polytetrafloetylen5. Polyphenolfomandehit
17.16. TC1- sqi
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1. SQi bOng2. Td tam
3. SQi len
4. SQi bien tfnh (hay sQi nhan t~o)5. Td tong hQp
17.17. Nh~a trao doi ion
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Chuang 18. Phuong phap pho trong hoa huu cO
18.1. Pho di~n tit
18.2. Quang pM electron18.2.1. S~ chuyen muc :re ~ :re"
18.2.2. S~ chuyen muc n ~ :re"
18.3. Pho hong ngo~i (IR)18.3.1. S~ dao dQng phan tit18.3.2. Pho IR cua cac lo~i hQp chat
1. Ankan2. Anken
3. Ankyn4. Halogenua ankyl5. Ancol va ete6. Andehit xeton
7. Axit cacboxylic va este18.4. Pho cQng huang tit h~t nhan
18.4.1. Ph6 cQng huang tit proton HNMR18.4.2. DQ chuyen dich hoa hQc18.4.3. Tudng tac spin- spin18.4.4. PM cQng huang tit cacbon CNMR
18.5. Quang pM khOi (MS)
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