Mayomi Thesis

EFFECTIVENESS OF PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION IN BARANGAY LAPULAPU

A ThesisPresented to the

Faculty of Nursing DepartmentHoly Child School of Davao

Davao City

In Partial Fulfillmentof the Requirement

for the Degree in Nursing

by:Johnoel E. MendezMayomi B. Noval

Prudel D. Presbitero

Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS

INTRODUCTION

In this generation, a lot of poor people believe that life happens to them by fate

and they always give excuses and blame on the circumstances and focus on obstacles.

Among of the poor people are just dreaming about their dreams and just think about how

good it is going to be if they are rich, but they will never do anything about their dreams.

And most of them associate with the same people with the same level in the society.

Poverty is every body`s   problem. In every success received by a part of the society, the

other part of course experience poverty. The meaning of it must be thought to the

concerned for them to provide and contribute a solution to the uneven part of survival. In

the world today, it is a blessing if one does not often   bothered by the problem like this.

The people   who suffer poverty are mostly the unemployed people, the elderly, the

uneducated and the working poor. They may experience lack of income, work, goods and

help from the government. Some of them may have jobs but still  the earnings is not

enough to sustain the needs for the whole family   to a certain period of time. Poverty

also causes malnutrition in some parts of the country, it also affects the development of

the future of our country. They cannot think of ways on how to improve their lives and

country   when they have to think of where they can get their daily needs.

The 4Ps program is currently being implemented by the Department of Social

Welfare and Development (DSWD). It is a conditional cash transfer program known as

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) that had started in 2008 inspired by the

successes of similar programs in Latin American countries such as Bolsa Familia in

Brazil, Families en Accion in Columbia and OPORTUNIDADES in Mexico (Defensor,

2010). Mexico OPORTUNIDADES, apart from education and health cash grants are

accompanied by cash transfers for food and fare with clearly while in Brazil, Bolsa

Familia is a part of a larger economic and social protection scheme compose of

‘complementary action’ and services to poor families. Among the significant

complementary activities are employment creation, provision of income-generating

activities, and impairment of housing conditions (Briones, 2010). The Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is more than a welfare program; it addresses the

structural inequities in society and promotes human capital development of the poor,

thus, breaking the intergenerational cycle of poverty. The conditions attached to the

grants require parents to undergo trainings on responsible parenthood, have their children

undergo health checkups and ensure school attendance (Defensor, 2010).

In the Philippine government’s version of the conditional cash transfer in the

provision in cash grants for education and health activities, poor families need to comply

with a set of conditionality’s such as ensuring school attendance of children, regular visit

to health centers for immunization preventive health checkups and maternal care and the

program lasts for 5 years household-beneficiaries (Briones, 20120). These programs are

an important relief in measure because many poor Filipinos are desperate to survive these

trying times and it seems that 4Ps is like a magic bullet for poverty reduction. It was

designed to address issues on maternal mortality and child mortality, and as well as keep

children in school for five years but these vulnerable groups like senior citizens,

chronically sick and disabilities people. Some of the beneficiaries are not contented in

the cash grants that they received even though it reveals that most of them expressed

gratitude that with the cash grants, the health and education status of their families were

improving, thus, they need jobs. This program was supported by the local government in

the contribution to the Pantawid Pamilya. They said that they will continually work to

find ways on how they can improve the program and they will provide tighter

mechanisms to get views and recommendations on the program. In addition, Alango and

Mondejar (2022) added that they shall continue to be the Gabay, Bantay, Tulay at

Kaagapay to ensure integrity, transparency and accountability in the implementation of

the program. According to Spohr (2011) that 4Ps is a very good program and it can make

that program even better if the government will coordinate more of Civil Society

Organizations (CSO). Soliman (2011), cited that this recommendation will be better

improve the implementation of the program at the same time to serve as the third eye who

will report any anomalies being done in the government and they need help to ensure that

the limited resources of the government go to those who are really qualified beneficiaries

of the program. In Region 11, particularly in Davao City there are 3,000 household

beneficiaries who avail in the 4Ps program.

According to Taberna (2012), 4P is a conditional cash transfer program of the

government that had started in 2008. The program works quite simple. Very poor

families who had children below 14 years of age are given 500 pesos for health and

nutrition expenses while they receive 300 pesos for each child, a maximum of three, for

their educational expenses. Most of the beneficiaries receive 1,400 pesos per month, for

they maximize the 3 children limit of the 4P. In the eyes of a man who has access to the

internet to read this, the middle-class or higher class of Filipinos, 1,400 per month is quite

small, and may provide little, if any help, in the perspective of the not-poor sector of the

society. I take no surprise, 1,400 is not even enough to satisfy a Burgis, for they were

raised with a silver spoon, or a bronze spoon, or with a spoon for crying out loud. The

people that are receiving the 4P grew up, not with those spoons in the mouth like the

reader of this, but they grew up without any spoon, hell, they grew up without a stable

source of basic human needs, like food, water or shelter. Again, Taberna said that

according to the theory – though I am not sure if it is in practice – that the beneficiaries of

4P are the poorest of the poor and 1,400, is and will be a big help for them, it may not be

enough, but as they say, one can’t be a chooser if one is a beggar.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

According to Appelbaum (1970), humans by nature are social beings and we learn

out of our interactions with fellow human beings and the environment where we belong.

It is supposed to be a dynamic interaction between persons, complementing each other’s

needs, more particularly in terms of material needs, like food, clothing, shelter, etc., with

specific sectors producing such needs. This is a natural interdependency involving

economics that man lives by to affect the stability and survival. “No man is an island”

indeed. We buy and sell good and services. There is a continuous exchange of activities.

According to Social Psychological and Sociological perspective (2011), the social

change and stability as a process of negotiated exchanges between parties. Social

exchange theory posits that all human relationships are formed by the use of a subjective

cost-benefit analysis and the comparison of alternatives. The theory has roots in

economics, psychology and sociology. This is the very same principle that the Philippines

4Ps are anchored on. It is a based on reciprocity – “I give but you also give”.

Social exchange theory, also called the communication theory of social exchange,

suggests that human beings make social decisions based on perceived costs and benefits.

This hypothesis asserts that people evaluate all social relationships to determine the

benefits they will get out of them. This is the comparison level where individuals assess

the gains in maintaining such relationship. It also suggests that someone will typically

leave a relationship if he or she perceives that the effort, or cost, of it otherwise any

perceived advantages. In the 4Ps, however, the implements do make or break the

relationship.

The 4Ps have been implemented since January 2008. It has become nationwide

after going through a piloted program mode between June to December 2007. In 2010 it

is estimated that around 300,000 households were targeted under the program, which

aims to provide money to extremely poor households in order to allow the family

members to meet certain human development goals set by the government. In the

Philippines, studies have found a strong correlation between low schooling and high

malnutrition and poverty. In its conception until the re-running of the program, the main

objectives of the 4Ps remain the same, they are to increase enrollment/attendance of

children at the elementary level and reducing poverty.

According to John Rawls (1971), A Theory of Justice, puts it this way that each

person possesses an inviolability founded on justice that even the welfare of society as a

whole cannot override. For this reason justice denies that the loss of freedom for some is

made right by a greater good shared by others."  Indeed, "equal justice" for all, should be

the core principle of any just government. The poor cannot remain mere pawns. They

should not be made into that expendable collateral for and in the name of progress.

Human well-being, a decent life for each, is a matter of right and this recognition must

be translated into real programs for every right demands a corresponding moral duty.

This urgency is brought about by the fact that, as suggested by Jeffrey Sachs (2005),

"growth may enrich households linked to good market opportunities but it may bypass

the poorest of the poor...because they lack the requisite human capital - good nutrition

and health, and adequate education."

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

SOCIAL CHANGE THEORY

Sociology Economics Psychology

Dynamic Interaction Evolves a natural interdependency

Process of negotiation exchanges between

parties

Social exchange theory or “communication theory”

Person perceived costs and benefits

Person perceived advantages

THEORY OF JUSTICE

Conceptual Framework

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

CONCEPTUAL MODEL

Figure 1 is the conceptual framework which shows the variable of the study. As

reflected, the study is a survey in nature in which the researchers determine the

effectiveness of 4Ps program. The independent variable is the 4Ps implementation

involves information dissemination, application of the recipient, and release of grants

while the dependent variable is the Effectiveness of 4P’s implementation.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

4P’s Extent of Implementation

Information dissemination Selection Criteria of

beneficiaries Release of Cash Grants

Effectiveness of the 4P’s Implementation

Equal Justice

Human well-being

Good nutrition Good health Adequate Education

This research aimed to test the Effectiveness of 4Ps Implementation in Barangay

Lapulapu.

Specifically, this study will seek answer the following questions:

1. What is the extent of implementation of 4Ps in Barangay Lapulapu?

a. Information dissemination

b. Criteria of selection of recipients by CSSDO

c. Release of grants in terms of cash

2. What are the controversies encountered in the 4Ps implementation?

3. Is the 4Ps implementation effective?

4. Is there any significance on the effectiveness of 4Ps implementation in terms of:

a. Information dissemination

b. Criteria of selection of recipients by CSSDO

c. Release of grants in terms of cash

HYPOTHESIS

This study used the null hypothesis tested for the significance of the result.

Specifically null hypothesis is presented in the following sentence:

Ho1: There is no significant difference on the level of effectiveness of 4Ps

implementation in Barangay Lapulapu in terms of information dissemination, criteria of

selection and release of cash grants..

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS

This research study would be limited and conducted only at Brgy. Lapulapu,

Agdao on the second week of September 2012.

There are 60 participants who are taken for the study; all of them are beneficiaries

of 4Ps in Brgy. Lapu- lapu, Agdao, Davao City specifically whether the mother or the

father of the family. The researcher employs a simple random sampling technique in the

conduct of the survey where the status of the participants will carefully consider. The

study will conduct in the residences of the respondents in Brgy. Lapu- lapu, Agdao,

Davao City. Those participants that are included in the study are chosen because they are

the one who are able to answer the questions that will provide by the researchers since

that they are a member of the 4Ps program and they came from the community that is

targeted in the study. They are able to participate in the study due to the fact that they

already know about 4Ps program. The researchers also believe that the respondents are

honest in answering questions that will be implemented.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Result this will be beneficial to the following:

The Department of Social Welfare Department will benefit from this study. This

will help them to be aware of their program if it is progressively improving in reduction

of poverty. It may serve as a basis if their program is actually one of the solution to

poverty reduction and it also it can be the reference for planning more programs for the

4Ps beneficiaries.

The Department of Health, this study may also serve as a basis for them to be able

to strengthen the program in which it may increase the health of the Filipinos especially

the beneficiaries of the program.

The Barangay Officials wherein the beneficiaries or respondents located, it will

guide them to support the beneficiaries to become more effective and successful.

To the beneficiaries, it will guide them also on how to be a responsible person that

will convince them to attend trainings and seminars on responsible parenthood, have their

children undergo health checkups and ensure school attendance.

To the future researchers can also benefit from this study. This may serve as a

guide for them in knowing the effectiveness of the program by DSWD. It also help them

to make an interventions to encourage the beneficiaries of the 4Ps program to continue to

follow the conditions that was made by the DSWD and it may provide baseline data

needed for further study.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

To have a better understanding of the terms used in this study, they are defined as

follows:

4Ps. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program is also called as a Conditional Cash Transfer

(CCT) as Philippine government version. It provides incentives for poor families to

invest in their future by ensuring that mothers and children avail of health care and that

children go to school.

Health. It is a state of physical, mental and social well-being. The overall condition of

an organism at a given time. Soundness, especially of body or mind; freedom from

disease or abnormality.

Poverty. The condition or quality of being poor, unproductiveness, deficiency in or

inadequate supply of something.

Poverty line. The marginal income level at which an adequate living standard is

possible.

Poor. Having little money, few possessions and no luxuries. Showing small yield and

unproductive.

Education. Instruction or training by which people learn to develop and use their

mental, moral and physical powers.

Nutrition. The process of nourishing or being nourished, especially the process by

which a living organism assimilates food and uses it for growth and for replacement of

tissues.

Economic. Relating to or concerned with economics financially sound, reasonably

profitable. It is useful in the production of health or promotion of commercial prosperity.

Holy Child College of Davao

College of Nursing

Jacinto St., Davao City

Dear Respondents,

The undersigned BSN 4 students of Holy Child College of Davao are presently

conducting a research entitled “EFFECTIVENESS OF 4Ps IMPLEMENTATION IN

BARANGAY LAPULAPU, AGDAO, DAVAO CITY” in partial fulfillment of the

requirements in Research 2 (Thesis Writing). We are respectfully notifying you that

you’re area has been selected as our respondent. Below are the statements that will guide

in your assessments of the variables under study.

In this regard, we would like to request your help to answer the following

questions as honest and appropriate as you can. Rest assured that whatever information

you have shared will be kept confidential.

Thank you very much for your cooperation.

The Researchers:

NOVAL, MAYOMI B. BSN IV

PRESBITERO, PRUDEL D. BSN IV

MENDEZ, JOHNOEL E. BSN IV

“The Effectiveness of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program Implementation in

Barangay Lalpulapu”

I. Profile.

Name (Optional): Age:

Address: Gender: F M

EVALUATION CHECKLIST FOR HOUSEHOLD MEMBER IN BRGY. LAPULAPU,

AGDAO, DAVAO CITY

Scale Range of Mean Values Description Meaning5 5 Strongly Agree If the respondents agree in all the

time.4 4 to 4.99 Agree If the respondents agree most of the

time.3 3 to 3.99 Fair If the respondents agree sometimes.2 3 to 2.99 Disagree If the respondents opposed to the

subject.1 1 to 1.99 Strongly Disagree If the respondents don’t agree with

for sure.

INSTRUCTION: Please check ( ) appropriate box that corresponds to your answer.

1. Implementation

Information Dissemination 5 4 3 2 1

a. I get information on 4P’s through advertisement in television.(Nakakuha ko ug impormasyon mahitungod sa 4P’s pinaagi sa anunsyo sa telebisyon).

b. I get information on4P’s through advertisement in radio.(Nakakuha ko ug impormasyon mahitungod sa 4P’s pinaagi sa anunsyo sa radio).

c. I get information on 4P’s through dissemination of information from our barangay officials.(Nakakuha ko ug impormasyon mahitungod sa 4P’s pinaagi sa pag-istorya sa impormasyon gikan saamung barangay opisyales).

d. I get information on 4P’s from our neighbors.

(Nakakuha ko ug impormasyon mahitungod sa 4P’s gikan saamung silingan).

Criteria of Selection

a. I know that I live in one of the poorest provinces based on the 2006 Family Income and Expenditure Survey.(Kabalo ko nga nagpuyo ko sa usa sa pinakapobre nga probinsya base sa 2006 Family Income and Expenditure Survey).

b. I know that I live in one of the poorest provinces in six regions without a province in the list of the 20 poorest provinces. (Kabalo ko nga nagpuyo ko sa pinakapobre nga probinsya sa unom ka region nga walay probinsya sa listahan sa sa pinakapobre nga probinsya).

c. I know that Mindanao is one of the target areas for selecting a beneficiary. (Kabalo ko nga ang Mindanao kay isa sa target nga lugar pra sa pagpili ug mga benepisyaryo).

d. I know that through computerized selection of the poorest households based on a ranking system using Proxy Means Test developed for the program. (Kabalo ko pinaagi sa kompyuter ang pagpili sa pinakapobre nga matagbalay base sa hataas ang ranggo nga sistema gamit ang Proxy Means Test nga gibuhat sa programa).

e. I know that we are one of the household whose economic condition is equal to or below the provincial poverty threshold. (Kabalo ko nga usa kami sa pinakapobreng pamilya nga pareho o ubos sa provincial poverty threshold ang among kita sa pamilya). 

f. I know that:

(Kabalo ko nga:)

a. I have children 0-14 years old (naa koy anak nga nag edad ug 0-14).b. I was a pregnant woman at the time of assessment (buntis ko atong

panahon nga pag-interview sa akoa).c. We agree to meet the conditions specified in the program (ni uyon

kami sa mga kondisyones sa programa).

Release of Cash

a. I know that I am the responsible person to receive the cash.(Kabalo ko nga ako ang responsible nga tao na mo dawat sa kwarta).

b. I know that I can get the cash through a Land Bank cash card.(Kabalo ko nga makuha nako ang kwarta pinaagi sa Land Bank cash card).

Controversies Encountered

a. The 1,400 pesos per month is not enough to satisfy a Burgis for three (3) children which is limited in the 4P’s.(Ang 1,400 nga kwarta dli kaigo para sa

b. Beneficiaries grew up without a stable source of basic human needs, like food, water or shelter.

c. Beneficiaries of 4Ps are the poorest of the poor.

d. It doesn’t give any significant long-term benefit.

e. It is a mockery of the poor people and a waste of tax.

f. It is also a dole out.

g. Long-lasting solution to impoverished condition is to have a stable job or livelihood, free education for their children, and free medicines for indigenous people.

Strengths

a. Promotes human capital development of the poor

b. It breaks the intergenerational cycle of poverty

c. It alleviates their immediate need (short term poverty alleviation)

d. Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

e. Able to achieve the Universal Primary Education

f. It promotes gender equality

g. It reduces the child mortality

Weaknesses

a. The program is only palliative as it did not create jobs or

livelihood opportunities for its beneficiaries.

b. The families will go through the motion of having checkups at the health center and get certification from the school just to fulfill the requirements of the program.

c. Once the program is stopped, chances are they would again stop visiting the health center and stop sending their children to school.

d. Lack of transparency in the process of selection, delisting and deciding on the amount that a family would receive, depending on the performance and attendance of the beneficiaries.

e. They dole out makes them feel more indigent who could not complain of the charity they are receiving.

f. Regular attendance at the 4P’s meeting is a way of enforcing them to avoid deduction, dropping, and deleted as beneficiaries.

Effectiveness

a. Increasing number of students to attend classes.

b. Pregnant women are able to avail pre-post natal care and childbirth.

c. Children avail the immunizations and vaccines given by the health centers.

d. Children age 6-14 years old is able to receive deworming pills given by the health team.

e. The Family is able to sustain their basic needs (food, clothing and shelter).

f. The Family is able to have a livelihood.

Information Dissemination 1

e. I get information on 4P’s through advertisement on television.

f. I get information on4P’s through advertisement on theradio.

g. I get information on 4P’s through dissemination of information

from our barangay officials.

h. I get information on 4P’s from our neighbors.

Criteria of Selection

g. I know that I live in one of the poorest provinces based on the 2006 Family Income and Expenditure Survey.

h. I know that I live in one of the poorest provinces in six regions without a province in the list of the 20 poorest provinces

i. I know that Mindanao is one of the target areas for selecting a beneficiary.

j. I know that through computerized selection of the poorest households based on a ranking system using Proxy Means Test developed for the program.

k. I know that we are one of the household whose economic condition is equal to or below the provincial poverty threshold. 

l. I know that:

d. I have children 0-14 years old e. I was a pregnant woman at the time of assessmentf. We agree to meet the conditions specified in the program

Release of Cash

a. I know that I am the responsible person to receive the cash.

b. I know that I can get the cash through a Land Bank cash card.

Holy Child College of DavaoCollege of Nursing

Jacinto St., Davao City

August 1, 2012

MS. CHARMIE LOU PENA, RN, MANDean, College of NursingHoly Child College of DavaoJacinto St., Davao City

Ma’am,

The undersigned BSN students are presently conducting a research entitled “Effectiveness of 4Ps Implementation in Barangay Lapulapu”, in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Research 2N. The purpose of this study is to test how effective is the 4Ps implementation in the said barangay.

In this regard, we would like to ask permission for us to conduct our study on the selected barangay, the Barangay Lapulapu, Agdao, Davao city. We assure you that all the gathered information will be held confidential.Hoping for your kind approval regarding this request.

Thank you and God Bless.

Sincerely,

MENDEZ, JOHNOEL E. BSN IV Researcher

NOVAL, MAYOMI B. BSN IV Researcher

PRESBITERO, PRUDEL D. BSN IV Researcher

Noted By:

MS. ELVILRA GRACE PONCE DE LEON , MAEM Research Adviser

MS. CHARMIE LOU PENA, RN, MANDean, College of Nursing

Holy Child College of DavaoCollege of Nursing

Jacinto St., Davao City

August 1, 2012

HON. JULIETO D. ICOYBarangay CaptainBarangay Lapulapu, AgdaoDavao City

Sir,

We the 4th year BSN students of Holy Child College of Davao are presently conducting a research entitled “Effectiveness of 4Ps Implementation in Barangay Lapulapu”. The purpose of this study is to test how effective is the 4Ps implementation in the said barangay.

In this regard, we would like to ask permission from your good office to allow us to conduct a study in your barangay. We assure you that all gathered information will be held confidential. Rest assured that we will going to give you the copy of our study.Hoping for your kind approval regarding this request.Thank you and God Bless.

Respectfully yours,

MENDEZ, JOHNOEL E. BSN IV Researcher

NOVAL, MAYOMI B. BSN IV Researcher

PRESBITERO, PRUDEL D. BSN IV Researcher

Noted By:

MS. ELVILRA GRACE PONCE DE LEON Research Adviser

MS. CHARMIE LOU PENA, RN, MAN Dean, College of Nursing

Approved By:

HON. JULIETO D. ICOY

Punong Barangay

Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In this chapter, the researcher presents readings taken from journals, books

including those material attained from the internet.

PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM

According to Brul (2009) that Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is a

poverty reduction and social development strategy of the national government that

provides conditional cash grants to extremely poor households to improve their health,

nutrition and education particularly of children aged 0-14. The program is currently

being implemented by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD).

Additionally, Aquino's Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program as a stratagem to alleviate

poverty is not freedom from but a shackle that locks up the Filipino people to abject

poverty ( de Guia, 2011).

4Ps. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program is also called as Conditional Cash

Transfer (CCT) as Philippine government version. This program helps the penniless

people and most of them are living in squatter area and family who can’t provide their

basic needs. Cited by Department of Social Welfare and development (2010), Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program is a poverty reduction strategy that provides grants to

extremely poor households to improve their health, nutrition and education particularly of

children aged 0-14. The program objectives is to alleviate the needs (short term poverty

alleviation) of the poor people through cash grants and to provide discontinuity poverty

cycle through human investment capital.

According to Felizardo (2009), the 4Ps program is not a dole out. It’s not meant

to make the poor become lazy and rely on the government nor the NGO’s to alleviate

their sad poverty state. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program, just like the other

Conditional Cash Transfer programs of other countries prioritize human dignity through

availability of equal opportunities. It aims to provide monetary aid to poor beneficiaries

with the hope that these investments in human capital would lessen the great financial

divide among the haves and the have nots. The program was meant not a kind of dole-

out because the chosen beneficiaries are following the conditions through abiding the

agreement of the said program. In this, the family received cash to provide the needs of

the children especially the children will attend in school regularly, have visited the health

center for regular checkups and also the mother received a cash for their medical

checkups especially treatments during pregnancy.

MIMAROPA (2011), Pantawid Pamilya is a conditional cash transfer program

that provides incentives for poor families to invest in their future by ensuring that

mothers and children avail of health care and that children go to school. As such, it is a

human development program that invests in the health and education of children. On the

other hand, providing immediate relief from cash flow problems will alleviate through

providing cash. The benefits that can get by the beneficiaries of this program are health

and nutrition grant in which a household receives P500 per month that is intended for

their needs in health and nutrition; and for education the household receives P300 per

month per children that is intended for 10 months only per year, and those amount that

was receive by every household will depends on the compliance of the conditions that

was agreed.

According to Maboloc (2012), it can be argued by the PINOY government that

making the CCT program work should help guarantee the most basic entitlement of

people under any democratic system – respect for their humanity. The CCT can be

construed as a matter of right, i.e., the right "not to be hungry", to borrow from Amartya

Sen. It can be said that numbers or the many economic assumptions may be very

ambiguous at this point. The right thing to do, in this regard, is to introduce people,

especially the very poor or the poorest of the poor, to fundamental opportunities that will

ultimately untie them from the fetters of poverty.  The program is good, but he have some

serious doubts about it. The problem lies in the fact that the Pantawid Pamilya Program

does not address the root cause of poverty - our unjust and inequitable economic system.

At the outset, critics will say that it is more prudent to use this budget to fund the

construction of schools, hospitals, roads and many others. Basically, the argument

against it is built upon the standard idea in development theory that income is not equal to

"well-being achievement". Simply put, the idea is that the CCT is a "butas na balde",

metaphorically suggesting that the CCT can be money down the drain, for it teaches

people dependency. In short, it does not really empower them. But does the CCT uphold

the dignity of the poor? It does not. It only provides a temporary relief to their miserable

life.

According to the Center for Women’s resources (2012), the program is a dole out

plan and simple. The families go through the motion of having check up at the health

center and get certification from the school just to fulfill the requirements of the program,

not so much because they believe that having check up or getting education should be a

regular family activity. Once the program is stopped, chances are they would again stop

visiting the health center and stop sending their children to school in order to help in

providing income to the impoverished family, said by Cham Perez the CWR senior

researcher and sociologist. This observation has been validated by a physician in one of

the health centers involved in the CCT program. Requesting anonymity, the doctor

reveals that mothers have still a low level of appreciation in going to the health centers

because the centers lack medicines and other amenities needed by the indigent families.

“It is frustrating to prescribe a medicine when you know that the patient could not afford

to buy it,” the doctor shares. She adds that instead of dole out, the poor can benefit more

when there is an increased government budget for free medicines.

Poverty. Is a state of being poor physically and financially. A condition in which

an individual or group of people that can’t provide their daily needs especially the basic

needs such as; food, shelter and clothing. Being poor is a difficult situation that facing by

an individual to survive in everyday life. According to World Bank (2009), poverty is an

income level below some minimum level necessary to meet basic needs. This minimum

level is usually called the “poverty line”.

Poverty. According to Eilmot (2009), defined that poverty is already existed from

the past generation and until now it is still remains as a worldwide problem. In society all

of the cases about poverty is that everybody was equally poor. In addition, Spagnolis

(2009), poverty is usually called as a “poverty line’” it means that the family or

individual has an income below to it’s a minimum level for them to provide their basic

needs. It is usually varies across time and societies for them to be satisfy in their basic

needs. Therefore, it varies to the time and place which is applicable to their norms and

values. But this kind of situation is more likely the same everywhere. Poverty as same

time it is hunger and lack of basic needs especially shelter. Also, it is evidence that

people experiencing poverty is that they are not able to see a doctor if some members of

the family was being sick. The children are not able to enter the school so they don’t

know how to read neither to write. Poverty is not a state of being a jobless. Most of them

are losing a child to illness due to the fact that they don’t have clean water. In terms to

the society, they don’t have power and lack of presentation and freedom. Harack (2012)

emphasizes that people who belong in extreme poverty are the people who are barely

meet their minimal needs for their survival. Also, they are often to feed themselves

minimally while in moderate poverty are in less in danger wherein they are able to

access their basic necessities in life but they are lack in wealth, and they are not able to

educate their children.

Poverty Alleviation. Rahman (2012) cited that poverty eradication is the first

condition for the development. He emphasized that in the book of Adam Smith “Wealth

of Nations” noted that no society can surely be flourishing and happy of which by far the

greater part of the numbers are poor and miserable. Through this, the government made

an strategy to combat poverty reduction both in short and long terms. To address the

poverty reduction strategy framework the National Strategy for Accelerated Poverty

Reduction was revised to give an special importance on critical areas and essential

infrastructure for pro-poor growth and social protection for the vulnerable section of the

society and human resource management. Due to macroeconomic stability the domestic

savings rate was increased to 19.93% from 18.77% in the year of 2002-2004. Based from

the survey report of Household Income and Expenditure in the year 2010, the population

living below the poverty line was decreased to 31.5% (20120) from 40.4% in the year

2005. In that period, the poverty gap was reduced while the income inequality ratio

decreased moderately.

Mangabas (2009), statistically 53 percent of Filipino households call themselves

as “mahirap” (poor) as evidenced by the Survey Finding and in the last 26 years there is

no progress to fight against poverty as indicated. The result of the survey is that the

measurement of poverty is rapid and frequent due to increase SRP but fluctuations of

poverty is cannot be explained clearly by the economic growth. Filipino who are poor

needs increase of wages and stable consumer price and not the economic growth since

they can’t benefit. In addition to Bolivar (2009), the truth about poverty is hunger. As a

survey conducted last Nov. 27 to 20, 2010 was found out that there are 3.4 million

families are saying that they experience hunger and because of that problem the

Malacanang said that they are expecting to reduce the poverty as long as the Conditional

Cash Transfer (CCT) program is implemented. Also they categorized hunger base on the

experience of every household included: moderate hunger are those who experience

hunger just once or a few times and severe hunger t refers to those who experience

hunger as often or always. So, Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) is already implemented

and to complete the list of CCT beneficiaries to be able for it to validate is that Secretary

Corazon Soliman had traveled throughout the country. The DSWD is the group wherein

they are capable to manage the budget and to handle CCT beneficiaries to ease the

poverty and hunger situation. Calica (2011).

Philippine Star (2011), cited that poverty is arising because of the Philippine

economy due to the poorest performers in Asia as influenced by the rent seekers or vested

interests for the past 50 years. But then, annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth has

not been effective in reducing the incidence rate of poverty. the actual incidence of

poverty in the Philippines had actually risen since 2003 as thought that the economy is

grown well. To make it more inclusive the Stratbase pursue reforms in the governments

that would highly guarantee in the civil and political liberties in terms of influencing to

those vested interests, the grafters, rent seekers, peddlers and business suits. Other reason

for this is the corruption that was cited by the World Economic Forum (WEF) in doing

business in our country because it is to be said that corruption is due to the inefficient

government bureaucracy.

Health. Health is social. Inequalities in health remind us that action is much

needed beyond medical interventions. WHO defined health as a “complete state of

physical, mental and social well-being”, (cited by Guinto, 2012). He emphasized the

word “social” that it is often times the missing component in the equation. Based on

Social determinants of health, health products is a toxic combination of poor social

policies and programs, unfair economic arrangements and bad politics are the

unacceptable gaps in health. Social determinants of health refers to the conditions in

which people are born, grow, live, work and age. Guinto (2012) emphasizing the cause of

having a poverty country is based on the governance of the country in which the country

has a characterized by factors detrimental to overall population health: lack of policy

coherence and political will; weak accountability and implementation; corruption; lack of

motivation and skills among government workers; and limited participation of citizens

and civil society groups in decision-making, especially in health governance.

Nutrition Education Advocacy. It promotes the importance of proper nutrition and

good education as ways for kids to improve their lives and come closer to attaining their

dreams. Gov. Vilma Santos, 2011).

The program rendered by the Department of Social Welfare and Development is

only the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program beneficiaries wherein the beneficiaries are

living in one of the poorest provinces, poorest household based on a ranking system, the

economic condition is equal to or below the provincial poverty threshold, household that

has children 0-14 years old or having a pregnant women and agree to the conditions

rendered by the DSWD can benefit. The mother or the father of the family is the

responsible person to receive the cash and they get the cash through Land Bank Cash

Card.

Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, research participants, research

instrument, data gathering procedure, and statistical treatment of the data.

RESEARCH METHOD

In this study, descriptive method or survey research method will be used. This

type of research will utilize since it attempts to describe and explain the conditions of the

present by using many subjects and questionnaires to fully describe the phenomenon. It

also focuses on identifying the effectiveness of the implementation of the program. This

research method study generally is to take raw data and summarize it in a useable form.

Also, to gather data that will support in this study the researchers must apply

questionnaires, interviews and observations (Casdevall and Fang 2008).

RESEARCH LOCALE

The researcher employs a purposive sampling technique in the conduct of the

survey where the status of the participants will carefully consider. The study will

conduct in the residences of the respondents in Brgy. Lapu- lapu, Agdao, Davao City

during 1st semester of school year 2012-2013. Those participants that are included in the

study are chosen because they are the one who are able to answer the questions that will

provide by the researchers since that they are a member of the 4Ps program and they

came from the community that is targeted in the study. They are able to participate in the

study due to the fact that they already know about 4Ps program. The researchers also

believe that the respondents are honest in answering questions that will be implemented.

RESPONDENTS

The respondents of the study were limited to sixty (60) beneficiaries of the 4Ps

program in Barangay Lapulapu,Agdao,Davao City. A purposive sampling was used

because only those available were chosen to meet the purpose of this study.

Data Gathering Instrument

The researchers will utilize a survey questionnaire it is a means of gathering

information about a particular population by sampling some of its members, usually

through a system of standardized questions (Fairfax County, 2011). This used to

determine the effectiveness of 4Ps implementation in Barangay Lapulapu.

After a set of instructions and reminders, the researchers will set down the

questions for the survey proper. The research instrument is aim to test the effectiveness

of 4Ps implementation in Barangay Lapulapu. The survey questionnaires will prepare by

the researchers according to the level of understanding of the respondents. Revision of

the questionnaire was done to improve the choice of words and sentence construction,

check the validity and reliability of the questions, eliminate unnecessary questions to

lessen the error in collecting data. The survey questionnaire and interview guide will

construct that is based on the readings from books and reliable websites. The first draft

was admitted to the adviser for corrections. To ensure its reliability and validity, the

experts were also approached. The questionnaire takes about on the effectiveness of 4Ps

implementation among the beneficiaries of Brgy. Lapu- lapu, Agdao, Davao City.

Validation of the Instrument

To have the questionnaire validated, the researcher will get three (3)

knowledgeable persons preferably the beneficiaries.

Research Procedure

Permission that will conduct in the study will obtain from the barangay officials

of Barangay Lapulapu through a communication that is signed by all the researchers and

will note by the research adviser and the dean. Once permission to conduct the study will

be granted, the questionnaire will be administered by and before the researchers

administer the questionnaires the questions will verify the details regarding to the study

and it will also retrieve after the respondents finish answering. After, the data that will be

collected it will be tallied and statistically treated. And bring out the results if it is

already finalized by the researchers.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

The completed checklist was assembled and systematically treated to answer the

problem of the research. For valid and reliable interpretation of the data, the following

statistical tools are used.