Dream it, Design it, Build it. www.ccee.engineering.iastate.edu IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering David J. White, Pavana Vennapusa, Heath Gieselman, Luke Johanson, Rachel Goldsmith, Jiake Zhang, Stephen Quist May 21, 2008
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Dream it, Design it, Build it. www.ccee.engineering.iastate.edu
IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYCivil, Construction & Environmental Engineering
David J. White, Pavana Vennapusa, Heath Gieselman, Luke Johanson, Rachel Goldsmith, Jiake Zhang,
Stephen Quist
May 21, 2008
Minnesota Route 4 Aggregate Base and HMA
Texas FM 156 Cohesive Subgrade
Lime Stabilized Subgrade
Aggregate “Flex” Base
Kansas US69 Cohesive Subgrade
New York US219 Granular Subgrade
Granular Base
HMA non-wearing course layer mapa = 0.6 mm, f = 3000 vpm
Class 5 aggregate subbase layer map, a = 0.6 mm, f = 2500 vpm
Reflection of hard spots onthe HMA layer
Reflection of hard spots onthe HMA layer
Reflection of soft spots onthe HMA layer
HMA Map Subbase Map
CCVSubbase (a = 0.6 mm, f = 2500)
0 5 10 15 20 25
CC
V HM
A (a
= 0
.6 m
m, f
= 3
000)
0
5
10
15
20
25
y = 2.45 ln(x) + 2.3R2 = 0.69
Influence of Support Conditions – CCV
Minnesota Route 4, Kandiyohi County, MN
HMA Map Subbase Map
(NRCS 2008)
CR 98
CR 98 Approximate location where subgrade layer reportedly “failed” under test rolling, and IC mapping showed poor support conditions
Approximate location where HMA layer “failed” under construction traffic loads
548
Soil Unit 548 (NRCS 2008):Palms Muck, Sandy SubstratumVery poorly DrainedWater Table At Surface0 to 27 in – Muck27 – 39 in – Sandy Clay Loam39 – 60 in – Coarse Sand
kSΙSD map; nominal a = 1.10 mm, f = 30 Hz, and v = 3.5 km/h
kSΙPD map; nominal a = 0.80 mm, f = 35 Hz, and v = 3.2 km/h
kSIPD (MN/m)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
k SIS
D (M
N/m
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80Padfoot a = 0.8 mm, f = 35 HzSmoothdrum a = 1.1 mm, f = 30 HzPadfoot a = 1.3 mm, f = 35 HzSmoothdrum a = 1.1 mm, f = 30 HzPadfoot a = 1.0 mm, f = 35 HzSmoothdrum a = 1.5 mm, f = 35 Hz
0 10 20 30 40 50
CC
V
1234567
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
ELW
D-Z
2 (M
Pa)
0
20
40
60Pass 1
Lane 2: a = 0.93 mm, v = 6 km/h, f = 33 Hz (Low amp setting)
Pass 4 Pass 13
0 10 20 30 40 50
CC
V
1234567
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
γ d (k
N/m
3 )
14
15
16
17
18
19
20Pass 1 Pass 4 Pass 13
Dist 1 vs Pass 1 Dist 1 vs Pass 1
0 10 20 30 40 50
CC
V
1234567
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
w (%
)
5
10
15
20
Pass 1 Pass 4 Pass 13
Dist 1 vs Pass 1 Dist 1 vs Pass 1
0 10 20 30 40 50
CC
V
1234567
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50C
BR
(%)
0
10
20
30
40
50Pass 1 Pass 4 Pass 13
Dist 1 vs Pass 1 Dist 1 vs Pass 1
Distance (m)
0 10 20 30 40 50
CC
V
1234567
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
EFW
D-D
4.5 (
MP
a)
0
30
60
90
120
150Pass 1 Pass 4 Pass 13Avg. F = 27 kN
LWD
Nuke DD
Nuke w%
DCP - CBR
FWD
Pass
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
CC
V
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Pass
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
ELW
D-Z
2 (M
Pa)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Pass
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
d (k
N/m
3 )
10
12
14
16
18
20
Pass
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
CB
R (%
)
0
5
10
15
20
Values corrected using w% values after Pass 1
TB 4 Lane 3: a = 2.19 mm, v = 6 km/h, f = 26 Hz (High amp setting)
ISU Research Team Contacts:David J. White, Associate Professor, [email protected], (515) 290-1080 (cell)Heath Gieselman, Assistant Scientist, [email protected], (515) 450-1383 (cell)
Embankment/Subgrade (Sandy Silt/Gravel)
Aggregate Base (4 inch minus)
1
2
3
Embankment/Pavement Foundation LayersAccelerated Implementation of IC Technology for Embankment Subgrade Soils, Aggregate Base, and Asphalt Pavement Materials
US 219, Springville, NY – New York State Department of Transportation[May 17-May 22, 2009]
Notes:A. Moisture condition calibration test strip areas ± 1.5% optimum except as noted. B. NYSDOT assistance requested for FWD testing and information on project QA testing requirements. C. As time permits repeatability passes for roller will be performed on embankment and aggregate base.
Aggregate Base (2 inch minus)4”
8”
Date TB MachineAmp (mm)
Spot Tests Notes/Comments
05/17
ISU arrives at site to setup mobile lab (2pm)Setup BOMAG/CAT rollers and make trial runs with GPS (3pm)Meet with Contractor and identify potential test areas (4pm)Collect material samples for on-site laboratory characterization (5pm)
05/18
1BOMAG (smooth)
0.7, 2.0Auto
DCP, LWD, NG, PLT, BCD(?)
10 m x 60 m calibration test area. 1. Compact foundation layer with 8 roller passes and
map.2. Place one 300 mm loose lift of silty gravel over
area3. Compact in three lanes using low, high, and vario
control – 10 passes + 3 mapping passes4. Develop compaction curves5. Excavate trenches and repeat compaction
2CAT
(smooth)TBD
DCP, LWD, NG, PLT, FWD
Roller mapping in production areas of embankment and aggregate base. Monitor existing practice and perform in-situ tests for comparison. Use data for test run on IC QA specification.
05/19
3CAT
(smooth)0.91.8
DCP, LWD, NG, PLT, BCD
15 m x 60 m calibration test area. 1. Compact foundation layer with 8 roller passes and
map.2. Place 300 mm loose lift of silty gravel over a area
for lanes 1/2 and 600 mm loose lift lanes 3/4.3. Create wet spot (+4%) 15 m x 10 m4. Compact in four lanes using low and high 10
Roller mapping in production areas of embankment and aggregate base. Monitor existing practice and perform in-situ tests for comparison. Use data for test run on IC QA specification.
5/20 to 5/22
5/6
BOMAG (smooth)/
CAT (Smooth)
TBDDCP, LWD, NG,
PLT, FWDProduction compaction areas of embankment and aggregate base. Multiple lifts.
05/21 Open House –presentation of preliminary results and roller demonstrations.
#2 (Vario Control)#3 (High Amp)
#1 (Low Amp)
Plan View Profile View
Notes: Compact underlying layer with 8 roller passes
Lift = 300 mm10 m
~60 m
Notes: After compaction testing, excavate two trenches and recompact
10 m
~60 m
Trench depth = 0.3 m and 1 mTrench widths = 1 m and 2m
Loose trenches
Calibration Test Strips - BOMAG
#1 #2 #3
Profile View
Lift = 600 mm
Notes: Compact underlying layer with 8 roller passes
Lift = 300 mmLanes 1/2
Lanes 3/4Wet zone (+4% wopt)
#3 (Low Amp)
Plan View
15 m#2 (High Amp)
#4 (High Amp)
#1 (Low Amp)
~60 m
Calibration Test Strips - CAT
• 10 Test Beds– TB1: Embankment Area Production Map CAT
– TB2: Embankment Area Production Map CAT
– TB3: Embankment Area Production Map Bomag
– TB4: Aggregate Base Calibration CAT
– TB5: Aggregate Base Calibration Bomag
– TB6: Aggregate Base Production CAT
– TB7: Aggregate Base Production Bomag
– TB8: Aggregate Base Production CAT (Contractor)
– TB9: Embankment Calibration (FWD) CAT and Bomag
– TB10: Embankment Test Trench Test Bed CAT and Bomag