May 2010 1 ITU-T Workshop ICTs: Building the Green City of the Future Arthur Levin Chief, ITU-TSB ICTs as a Tool to Combat Climate Change United Nations.

May 2010 1

ITU-T WorkshopITU-T WorkshopICTs: Building the Green City of ICTs: Building the Green City of

the Futurethe Future

Arthur LevinChief, ITU-TSB

ICTs as a Tool to Combat ICTs as a Tool to Combat Climate ChangeClimate Change

United Nations PavilionEXPO-2010, 14 May 2010

Shanghai, China

May 2010 2

ICTs and Climate Change Methodology to describe and

estimate present and future user [energy] consumption of ICTs over their entire life cycle

Smarter standards for greener systems

Participation in COP

UN Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon: "ITU is one of the very important stakeholders in the area of climate change."

Participants in Focus Group ICT and Climate Change

May 2010 3

Importance further identified at top level

WTSA-08, Resolution 73, resolves that CC is a high priority in ITU

WTPF (April 2009), Opinion 3, instructs promotion of Resolution 73, etc.

GSC-14 (July 2009), Resolution, encourages related collaboration, etc.

ITU Council (October 2009), Resolution 1307, unanimously decided its importance and active participation in UNFCCC including COP-15 in Copenhagen

May 2010 4

Evidence for climate change

Source: IPCC 4th assessment report, 2007

May 2010 5

Why It Matters

Impact of CC is costly for many countries even though they are not a major source of emissions E.g. total GHG emissions of Pacific Island countries is

around 0.03% of global total, but half the population of island countries live within less than a mile of their coastlines; coral atolls no more than 3 meters above sea level

Typhoon/hurricane damage will increase by 10-26% for each 1 degree warming of sea

Deforestation (17-20% of GHG emissions)

Global Humanitarian Forum estimates CC already killing 100-300,000 people annually

May 2010 6

Why ICTs Matter ICTs (excluding

broadcasting) contribute an estimated 2-3% of global Greenhouse Gas emissions

Around 0.9 ton GtCO2e in 2007

Telecoms contributed around one quarter of this total

Airplanes and shipping about 3% each

Source: Gartner Group

May 2010 7

What trends do ICTs have at the device level?

Market doubles every 5 years E.g. Broadband expanding to more users Until market saturates Then upgrades replace “obsolete” devices

New devices become a “must have” E.g. HDTV, Smartphones

Annual growth rate of internet traffic is high 1.8 billion Internet users worldwide Highest growth in data traffic; Internet of things

All three trends increase ICT demand for energy the GeSI Smart 2020 report predicts growth in ICTs energy use of

70% over the period 2007-2020

May 2010 8

REDUCING ICT SECTOR EMISSIONS

May 2010 9

Mitigating the impact

Directly, e.g. through energy-savingNext-Generation Networks (NGN) should reduce

GHG emissions by 40% Modern radio technologies reduce energy

consumption by transmitters ~ 10 times Indirectly, e.g. ICTs for carbon abatement

Video-conferencing to reduce business travel in Europe by 1% would save 1 m CO2 ton

Systemically, e.g. by “dematerialisation” Intelligent Transport Systems could reduce

vehicle carbon emissions below 130 g per km

May 2010 10

Placing Future Data Centres…• BT will place Energy Efficient,

Green, Sustainable facilities based on:

• Electricity is low cost, consistent, and available securely and in an abundance from renewable sources

• Fresh Air and Free Air cooling can be utilised all year round

• Network bandwidth low latency and high capacity is readily available and inexpensive

• Land is low cost, with plenty of space for growth/expansion

• BT will transform existing sites as much as possible to meet the standards of the new BT green data centre vision

May 2010 11

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies calculate the relevant environmental impacts of the life cycle per

functional unit.

ProductionPhase

UsePhase

End-of-lifePhase

DesignPhase ResiduesResources

ICT Services

Life Cycle of an ICT product

Recycling

The Life Cycle of ICT Hardware

May 2010 12

ICTs at work for monitoring climate change

WMO World WeatherWatch, incorporating: Global Observing

system Global Telecom System Global Data Processing

system Remote sensing Environmental monitoring

Tsunami early-warning system Digital climate forecasting models GPS-enabled telemetry Ubiquitous sensor networks

May 2010 13

ICTs for adaptation: ITU Role Telecommunications/ICTs for disaster preparedness

Tampere Convention PP-06 Resolutions 36 and 136 on use ICTs for

humanitarian assistance WRC Resolutions 646, 647, 673 on use of

radiocommunications for environmental monitoring, public protection and disaster relief

WTDC-06 Resolution 34 on the role of ICTs in mitigation of effects of disasters and humanitarian assistance

Partnership Coordination Panel on Telecoms for Disaster Relief (PCP-TDR)

E.164 country code (888) for UN OCHA Recommendations E.106 on call priority and X.1303 on

common alerting protocol

May 2010 14

The ICT Enabling Effect

ICT responsible for 2-3% of global CO2 emissions How can we reduce ICT own emissions

Next Generation Networks

ICT key to reduce the other 97% of CO2 emissions The enabling effect by a factor of five ICT as key enabler to reduce emissions in

other sectors

May 2010 15

CO2 reductionthrough convergence

with ICTin other industries

CO2 reductionthrough convergence

with ICTin other industries

CO2 reductionof infrastructure

and productsin ICT industry

CO2 reductionof infrastructure

and productsin ICT industry

Green ICT covers all activities on“Green of ICT” & “Green by ICT”

Green of ICTGreen of ICT Green by ICTGreen by ICT

May 2010 16

GREEN By ICT

The opportunities where ICT could play a driving role include: • Smart grid• Smart buildings• Smart logistics• Smart motor systems• Dematerialisation

May 2010 17

DEMATERIALISATION

The substitution of high carbon products and activities with low carbon alternatives:

> Replacing face-to-face meetings with tele- and videoconferencing

> Remote working

> Paper with email/online billing

> CDs with online music

May 2010 18

SMART BUILDINGS Global building emissions responsible for 8% total emissions in 2002 (3.36 GtCO2e) - 11.7 GtCO2e if energy to run buildings is included.

SMART BUILDINGS

Technologies used to make the design, construction and operations of buildings more efficient, applicable to both new and existing property.

Building management systems (BMS) run heating and cooling systems.

Software to switch off PCs, monitors and lights when not in use.

Improved building design for energy efficiency.

May 2010 19

SMART GRIDS Power sector responsible for 24% global emissions in 2002.

Expected to be responsible for 14.26 GtCO2e in 2020.

SMART GRIDS

Smart meters – customer information on energy use

Interactive energy generation

Advanced grid management systems

Demand management systems (dynamic demand)

Reduce transmissions and distribution (T&D) losses

Integration of renewables

May 2010 20

FG on ICT&CC concluded with 4 Deliverables in March 2009. Inputs from non-ITU members (e.g. academia) were also taken

into considerations

Mandate of SG5 was expanded at the last TSAG (28-30 April 2009) New SG 5 title: Environment and climate change

SG5 created a new WP 3/5

All SGs examining impact of recommendations on climate change

SGs developing standards for new energy efficient technologies E.g. SG 13 on Next Generation Networks NGN estimated to be 40% more energy efficient

ITU-T and Climate Change: Setting the Standard

May 2010 21

Universal charger

ITU standardized-approval process for new Recommendation L.1000

Delivers 50% reduction in standby energy consumption, eliminates 51,000 ton of redundant chargers, and cuts GHG emissions by 13.6 million ton CO2 annually

Current version covers charger for mobile terminals but will cover other ICT devices in future

May 2010 22

ITU-T: Building Knowledge on Climate Change

ITU-T issued major Technology Watch Reports on Climate Change and positive impact of new technologies Next Generation Networks, Intelligent Transport Systems,

etc. Organizing Major Symposia on ICT and CC

2008: Kyoto and London 2009: Quito and Seoul (virtual event)

ITU-T pioneering energy efficient work methods Paperless meetings, on-line work tools, etc.

ITU-T leading Dynamic Coalition on Internet and Climate Change as part of IGF