Vol 28 No. 5 May 2008 A Monthly House Bulletin of Defence Research & Development Organisation 4 4 4 4 4 4 DRDO Golden Jubilee Celebrations DRDO Sports Board CABS, Bangalore DMRL, Hyderabad DFRL, Mysore HEMRL, Pune RAC, Delhi RCI, Hyderabad SSPL, Delhi Technology Update LCA Avionics and Flight Control System- Software Certification 4 Manpower Development Activities Indian Science Congress Visits to Labs/Estts Special Moments Special People- from archival collection of R&DE (Engrs)
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May 2008 final - DRDO DRDOdrdo.gov.in/drdo/pub/nl/2008/may08.pdf · Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Dr R Venkataraman viewing the exibits ... n u a r y presentations on the ... Golden
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Vol 28
No. 5
May 2008
Printed & published by Director, Defence Scientific Information &
Documentation Centre (DESIDOC), on behalf of Defence Research &
Development Organisation (DRDO), New Delhi-110 011.
Telephone: 011-23902471; Internet URL: www.drdo.com/pub/nl;Fax: 011-23819151; E-mail: [email protected]
A Monthly House Bulletin of Defence Research &
Development Organisation
4
4
4
4
4
4
DRDO Golden Jubilee Celebrations
DRDO Sports Board
CABS, Bangalore
DMRL, Hyderabad
DFRL, Mysore
HEMRL, Pune
RAC, Delhi
RCI, Hyderabad
SSPL, Delhi
Technology UpdateLCA Avionics and Flight Control System- Software Certification
4Manpower Development Activities
Indian Science Congress
Visits to Labs/Estts
Special Moments Special People- from archival collection of R&DE (Engrs)
President Shankar Dayal Sharma during his visit
Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Dr R Venkataraman viewing the exibits
Rajeev Gandhi Visits R&DE
Inauguration of R&DE (Engrs), Dighi, Pune on 9 February 1962
Shri SB Chavan during his visit at R&DE
Pt Jawaharlal Nehru at R&DE
Mrs Indira Gandhi during her visit at R&DE
May 2
00
8
Jan
uary
20
08
May 2
00
8
CABS, Bangalore
DMRL, Hyderabad
HEMRL, Pune
DFRL, Mysore
in commemoration of DRDO's Golden Jubilee
Celebrations and to bring awareness about the
significant achievements of DFRL during the past 50
years. The marathon run was flagged off by Shri
Sandesh Nagaraj, a noted hotelier and philanthropist
of Mysore, from DFRL premises, wading through
some of the important city landmarks traversing a
distance of nearly 10 km. More than 250 participants,
mostly DFRL scientists and other staff took part in
A combined function of DRDO Golden Jubilee and
CABS Foundation Day was organised on 25
February 2008. Dr VK Aatre, former SA to RM was the
Chief Guest for the occasion. He launched the
transmit receiver multi module (TRMM) and antenna
array unit as a part of the celebrations.
this marathon run. Golden jubilee commemorative T-
shirts and caps were born by all the participants to Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory (DMRL),
bring special focus on DRDO and DFRL.organised a Workshop on Advanced X-ray
Techniques for Characterisation of Nanomaterials
(XTNM-2008) during 27-29 February 2008 as a part of High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL),
the DRDO Golden Jubilee Celebrations. Twenty-six organised a morning walk on 1 March 2008 to
presentations on the fundamental concepts and commemorate its Foundation Day in the centenary
methodology of advanced X-ray techniques as applied year of HEMRL coinciding with the Golden Jubilee
to nanomaterials were made.Year of DRDO. About 200 employees, including
DMRL contributed to the celebrations by organising Directors and senior scientists of DRDO West Zone
another Workshop on Friction Stir Welding and establishments, Viz., HEMRL, ARDE, R&DE (E), DIAT, Friction Surfacing during 10-11 March 2008. The RCMA, all at Pune & VRDE, Ahmednagar, participated
workshop aimed at bringing close interaction of in the 5 km morning walk from AROMI, Pashan to
members working in this technological area with the National Chemical Laboratory, Pune and back. Dr A
project team of DMRL and deliberate on the Subhananda Rao, Outstanding Scientist and Director
adoptability of these processes by the Industry. HEMRL, and the Chairman West Zone Sports Council
(WZSC), flagged off the walk. Shri Surendra Kumar,
OS & Director, ARDE; Shri B Rajagopalan, Director,
R&DE (Engrs); and Dr Amarjit Singh, Co-Chairman Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL), WZSC also graced the occasion.organised a quarter Marathon Run on 1 March 2008
DRDO Sports Board
To commemorate the DRDO's Golden Jubilee
celebrations, DRDO Sports Board, DRDO HQrs
organised a Morning Walk on 8 March 2008 at
Lodhi Gardens, New Delhi for Delhi-based labs,
Directorates and the offices at HQrs. Shri M
Natarajan, SA to RM and Patron-in-Chief of Sports
Board led the walk. Chief Controllers R&D, Directors
and other DRDO personnel from DRDO HQrs and
Delhi-based labs, in all and more than 100
personnel took part in the walk. The walk focused on
bringing awareness among the participants on
numerous benefits like managing weight, controlling
blood pressure, decreasing the risk of heart attack,
burning fat and boosting the energy levels. The
walk concluded with distribution of Coco-jal and
variety of Leh-Berry juices produced by private industry under Transfer of Technology (ToT) from DRDO.
In salutation to DRDO on its Golden Jubilee Year, DRDO Sports Board also organised a workshop on Fit Body
Healthy Mind on 25 March 2008. The workshop focused on the importance of fitness in the daily life of the DRDO
employees and to inculcate amongst them habit of being involved with some.
Dr Prahlada, CC R&D (SI) & DS expressed his happiness
that besides the research activities, DRDO is also promoting
the value of good health and fitness amongst its employees.
Dr W Selvamurthy, CC R&D (LS&HR) & DS; Shri KN Rai,
Adviser, Strategic Projects; Shri R Shankar, Director,
Combat Vehicles & Engineering and President, DRDO Sports
Board and other dignitaries were present at the event.
The guest speaker, Ms Reema Sareen, Internationally
acclaimed fitness trainer and founder of the Keep Fit
Program-India, a pioneer of group fitness aerobic activity .
talked about the daily routine for the fitness and gave
demonstration on aerobics while the yoga experts from
Moraraji Desai National Institute of Yoga, Delhi, performed yoga. Dr Selvamurhty delivered a talk on “Yoga for
Health”; Shri KN Rai spoke on “Sports & Sports Persons” and Col PP Davis, VRDE spoke on "Into the Thin Air'.
HQrs, New Delhi
The leader leads the way
A demo of the fitness schedule. Inset: Dr Prahlada sharing his tips for healthy body healthy mind
Dr Aatre launching TRMM and antenna array unit
Shri Sandesh Nagara flagging off the Marathon
May 2
00
8
Jan
uary
20
08
May 2
00
8
CABS, Bangalore
DMRL, Hyderabad
HEMRL, Pune
DFRL, Mysore
in commemoration of DRDO's Golden Jubilee
Celebrations and to bring awareness about the
significant achievements of DFRL during the past 50
years. The marathon run was flagged off by Shri
Sandesh Nagaraj, a noted hotelier and philanthropist
of Mysore, from DFRL premises, wading through
some of the important city landmarks traversing a
distance of nearly 10 km. More than 250 participants,
mostly DFRL scientists and other staff took part in
A combined function of DRDO Golden Jubilee and
CABS Foundation Day was organised on 25
February 2008. Dr VK Aatre, former SA to RM was the
Chief Guest for the occasion. He launched the
transmit receiver multi module (TRMM) and antenna
array unit as a part of the celebrations.
this marathon run. Golden jubilee commemorative T-
shirts and caps were born by all the participants to Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory (DMRL),
bring special focus on DRDO and DFRL.organised a Workshop on Advanced X-ray
Techniques for Characterisation of Nanomaterials
(XTNM-2008) during 27-29 February 2008 as a part of High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL),
the DRDO Golden Jubilee Celebrations. Twenty-six organised a morning walk on 1 March 2008 to
presentations on the fundamental concepts and commemorate its Foundation Day in the centenary
methodology of advanced X-ray techniques as applied year of HEMRL coinciding with the Golden Jubilee
to nanomaterials were made.Year of DRDO. About 200 employees, including
DMRL contributed to the celebrations by organising Directors and senior scientists of DRDO West Zone
another Workshop on Friction Stir Welding and establishments, Viz., HEMRL, ARDE, R&DE (E), DIAT, Friction Surfacing during 10-11 March 2008. The RCMA, all at Pune & VRDE, Ahmednagar, participated
workshop aimed at bringing close interaction of in the 5 km morning walk from AROMI, Pashan to
members working in this technological area with the National Chemical Laboratory, Pune and back. Dr A
project team of DMRL and deliberate on the Subhananda Rao, Outstanding Scientist and Director
adoptability of these processes by the Industry. HEMRL, and the Chairman West Zone Sports Council
(WZSC), flagged off the walk. Shri Surendra Kumar,
OS & Director, ARDE; Shri B Rajagopalan, Director,
R&DE (Engrs); and Dr Amarjit Singh, Co-Chairman Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL), WZSC also graced the occasion.organised a quarter Marathon Run on 1 March 2008
DRDO Sports Board
To commemorate the DRDO's Golden Jubilee
celebrations, DRDO Sports Board, DRDO HQrs
organised a Morning Walk on 8 March 2008 at
Lodhi Gardens, New Delhi for Delhi-based labs,
Directorates and the offices at HQrs. Shri M
Natarajan, SA to RM and Patron-in-Chief of Sports
Board led the walk. Chief Controllers R&D, Directors
and other DRDO personnel from DRDO HQrs and
Delhi-based labs, in all and more than 100
personnel took part in the walk. The walk focused on
bringing awareness among the participants on
numerous benefits like managing weight, controlling
blood pressure, decreasing the risk of heart attack,
burning fat and boosting the energy levels. The
walk concluded with distribution of Coco-jal and
variety of Leh-Berry juices produced by private industry under Transfer of Technology (ToT) from DRDO.
In salutation to DRDO on its Golden Jubilee Year, DRDO Sports Board also organised a workshop on Fit Body
Healthy Mind on 25 March 2008. The workshop focused on the importance of fitness in the daily life of the DRDO
employees and to inculcate amongst them habit of being involved with some.
Dr Prahlada, CC R&D (SI) & DS expressed his happiness
that besides the research activities, DRDO is also promoting
the value of good health and fitness amongst its employees.
Dr W Selvamurthy, CC R&D (LS&HR) & DS; Shri KN Rai,
Adviser, Strategic Projects; Shri R Shankar, Director,
Combat Vehicles & Engineering and President, DRDO Sports
Board and other dignitaries were present at the event.
The guest speaker, Ms Reema Sareen, Internationally
acclaimed fitness trainer and founder of the Keep Fit
Program-India, a pioneer of group fitness aerobic activity .
talked about the daily routine for the fitness and gave
demonstration on aerobics while the yoga experts from
Moraraji Desai National Institute of Yoga, Delhi, performed yoga. Dr Selvamurhty delivered a talk on “Yoga for
Health”; Shri KN Rai spoke on “Sports & Sports Persons” and Col PP Davis, VRDE spoke on "Into the Thin Air'.
HQrs, New Delhi
The leader leads the way
A demo of the fitness schedule. Inset: Dr Prahlada sharing his tips for healthy body healthy mind
Dr Aatre launching TRMM and antenna array unit
Shri Sandesh Nagara flagging off the Marathon
4
May 2
00
8
Jan
uary
20
08
May 2
00
8
visitors from India and abroad. Displays and working
models of the exhibits cover the main functional areas of
technologies and human resource development. Darpan
is equipped with a modern audio-visual theatre Smriti
served by a video library with outstanding
achievements; four digital rollers displaying products,
In accordance with the DRDO's Golden Jubilee and
HEMRL's Centenary Celebrations, the participation of
HEMRL was marked in a National Seminar
on Changing Needs for Green
Environment organised by Environmental
Club of India (Pune Chapter) at
Mahabaleshwar during 13-14 January 2008.
Dr A Subhananda Rao, Outstanding
Scientist and Director, HEMRL, inaugurated
the seminar. Mentioning about the DRDO's
contributions, Dr Rao expressed that DRDO
scientists are contributing in a big way
towards sustainable green environment.
facilities and services and two interactive touch screen Research on green energetic materials is the priority of
kiosks to provide statistical and logistic information of Defence Scientists dealing with high energy materials.
DRDO to the viewers.
Recruitment and Assessment Centre (RAC), has
displayed a unique permanent exhibition of DRDO
named Darpan. Hon'ble Raksha Rajya Mantri, Shri MM
Pallam Raju inaugurated the exhibition on 24 March
2008. Shri M Natarajan, SA to RM; Dr KV Raghavan,
Chairman RAC; Dr W Selvamurthy, DS & CC R&D (LS
& HR); Dr Arun Kumar, Director RAC and other
dignitaries were present on the occassion.
This permanent exhibition has been put-up to showcase
the research and technological strengths of DRDO to
young researchers, job seekers aspiring for a career,
experts from various disciplines and distinguished
RAC, Delhi
RCI, Hyderabad
As a part of the DRDO Golden Jublee Celebrations, Shri
AK Antony, Hon'ble Minister for Defence visited RCI and
ELSEC on 25 March 2008. The Hon'ble Minister
congratulated all scientists and staff of DRDO for their
continued support and major achievements during the
past fifty years. It was assured that the DRDO Golden
Jubilee year-2008 should motivate the scientists to
achieve all round success in various R&D Programmes.
Shri M Natarajan, SA to RM and Secretary DGR&D, in
his welcome address thanked Government of India for
its full support to DRDO.
The Raksha Mantri opined that inspite of a large
number of hurdles in development of defence techno-
logies, DRDO has made enormous progress over the
past 50 years. Hon' ble Minister was received by Dr SK
Chaudhuri, Sci H at Begumpet Air Force Station and
was flown by Helicopter to RCI where he was welcomed
by Shri M Natarajan, SA to RM; Dr VK Saraswat, DS &
CC R&D (MSS); Shri SK Ray, OS & Director, RCI; and
other local Lab Directors based in Hyderabad. The
Defence Minister visited Air Defence and Agni
integration facilities, missile display hall at RCI and
ELSEC.
SSPL, Delhi
being delivered by lab directors/senior scientists in key
technology areas of DRDO. Dr Anil Kumar, Director,
LASTEC, was the chief guest who also delivered the
inaugural talk on laser weapons. The other talks and
their speakers were:
Snow Science Research by Dr RN Sarwade, Director,
SASE, Manali.
Conflict Management and Decision Making by The Raising Day of Solid State Physics Laboratory
Dr Manas K Mandal, Director, DIPR, Delhi.(SSPL), falls on 1 February and in an effort to make the
celebrations special in the DRDO Golden Jubilee Year, MMIC Technology at GAETEC by Dr R Muralidharan, an exhibition highlighting the various activities and CEO, GAETEC, Hyderabad.
achievements of the laboratory was organised. The Missile Technology by Dr BSS Chandran, Sci G,
exhibition was inaugurated by Dr SC Pandey, Addl FA DRDL, Hyderabad.
(J) & JS, Integrated Finance (R&D). A permanent
display of posters giving information about the labora- Ensuring Total Safety for DRDO Activities and MoD
tory, its work areas, manpower details, activities/ Installations by Dr JC Kapoor, Director, CFEES,
achievements of all the groups of the lab, technologies/ Delhi.
products developed has been set up along with a Camouflage Technology by Shri RT Paturkar, Sci F,
display of some exhibits of the developed products.Defence Lab, Jodhpur.
To keep the celebrations going, a one-day seminar on DRDO's Technology for Navy by Shri S Vasudevan,
DRDO's Wide Horizons was organised on 20 February Sci E, NPOL, Kochi.2008. The seminar comprised about eight invited talks
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Marching ahead in the Golden Jubilee Year
Shri AKAntony looking at the exhibits at RCI.Also seen are Shri M Natarajan and Dr VK Saraswat
Shri Pallam Raju inaugurating the exhibition at RAC, Delhi
This annual event provides the Chief Controllers,
Laboratory Directors, Corporate and Technical Directors
with a platform to meet, share their experiences and
discuss the R&D activities and challenges faced by the
country during the past year and showcase the
programme/ agenda for the year ahead. Hon'ble Raksha
Mantri Shri AK Antony conferred 13 Young Scientists
Awards to scientists for their excellent contribution in the
field of emerging technologies; and 17 Best Performance
Awards for personnel of various categories for excelling in
their multifaceted tasks.
The proceedings and citations of the awards will be
covered in the forthcoming issue.
4
May 2
00
8
Jan
uary
20
08
May 2
00
8
visitors from India and abroad. Displays and working
models of the exhibits cover the main functional areas of
technologies and human resource development. Darpan
is equipped with a modern audio-visual theatre Smriti
served by a video library with outstanding
achievements; four digital rollers displaying products,
In accordance with the DRDO's Golden Jubilee and
HEMRL's Centenary Celebrations, the participation of
HEMRL was marked in a National Seminar
on Changing Needs for Green
Environment organised by Environmental
Club of India (Pune Chapter) at
Mahabaleshwar during 13-14 January 2008.
Dr A Subhananda Rao, Outstanding
Scientist and Director, HEMRL, inaugurated
the seminar. Mentioning about the DRDO's
contributions, Dr Rao expressed that DRDO
scientists are contributing in a big way
towards sustainable green environment.
facilities and services and two interactive touch screen Research on green energetic materials is the priority of
kiosks to provide statistical and logistic information of Defence Scientists dealing with high energy materials.
DRDO to the viewers.
Recruitment and Assessment Centre (RAC), has
displayed a unique permanent exhibition of DRDO
named Darpan. Hon'ble Raksha Rajya Mantri, Shri MM
Pallam Raju inaugurated the exhibition on 24 March
2008. Shri M Natarajan, SA to RM; Dr KV Raghavan,
Chairman RAC; Dr W Selvamurthy, DS & CC R&D (LS
& HR); Dr Arun Kumar, Director RAC and other
dignitaries were present on the occassion.
This permanent exhibition has been put-up to showcase
the research and technological strengths of DRDO to
young researchers, job seekers aspiring for a career,
experts from various disciplines and distinguished
RAC, Delhi
RCI, Hyderabad
As a part of the DRDO Golden Jublee Celebrations, Shri
AK Antony, Hon'ble Minister for Defence visited RCI and
ELSEC on 25 March 2008. The Hon'ble Minister
congratulated all scientists and staff of DRDO for their
continued support and major achievements during the
past fifty years. It was assured that the DRDO Golden
Jubilee year-2008 should motivate the scientists to
achieve all round success in various R&D Programmes.
Shri M Natarajan, SA to RM and Secretary DGR&D, in
his welcome address thanked Government of India for
its full support to DRDO.
The Raksha Mantri opined that inspite of a large
number of hurdles in development of defence techno-
logies, DRDO has made enormous progress over the
past 50 years. Hon' ble Minister was received by Dr SK
Chaudhuri, Sci H at Begumpet Air Force Station and
was flown by Helicopter to RCI where he was welcomed
by Shri M Natarajan, SA to RM; Dr VK Saraswat, DS &
CC R&D (MSS); Shri SK Ray, OS & Director, RCI; and
other local Lab Directors based in Hyderabad. The
Defence Minister visited Air Defence and Agni
integration facilities, missile display hall at RCI and
ELSEC.
SSPL, Delhi
being delivered by lab directors/senior scientists in key
technology areas of DRDO. Dr Anil Kumar, Director,
LASTEC, was the chief guest who also delivered the
inaugural talk on laser weapons. The other talks and
their speakers were:
Snow Science Research by Dr RN Sarwade, Director,
SASE, Manali.
Conflict Management and Decision Making by The Raising Day of Solid State Physics Laboratory
Dr Manas K Mandal, Director, DIPR, Delhi.(SSPL), falls on 1 February and in an effort to make the
celebrations special in the DRDO Golden Jubilee Year, MMIC Technology at GAETEC by Dr R Muralidharan, an exhibition highlighting the various activities and CEO, GAETEC, Hyderabad.
achievements of the laboratory was organised. The Missile Technology by Dr BSS Chandran, Sci G,
exhibition was inaugurated by Dr SC Pandey, Addl FA DRDL, Hyderabad.
(J) & JS, Integrated Finance (R&D). A permanent
display of posters giving information about the labora- Ensuring Total Safety for DRDO Activities and MoD
tory, its work areas, manpower details, activities/ Installations by Dr JC Kapoor, Director, CFEES,
achievements of all the groups of the lab, technologies/ Delhi.
products developed has been set up along with a Camouflage Technology by Shri RT Paturkar, Sci F,
display of some exhibits of the developed products.Defence Lab, Jodhpur.
To keep the celebrations going, a one-day seminar on DRDO's Technology for Navy by Shri S Vasudevan,
DRDO's Wide Horizons was organised on 20 February Sci E, NPOL, Kochi.2008. The seminar comprised about eight invited talks
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Marching ahead in the Golden Jubilee Year
Shri AKAntony looking at the exhibits at RCI.Also seen are Shri M Natarajan and Dr VK Saraswat
Shri Pallam Raju inaugurating the exhibition at RAC, Delhi
This annual event provides the Chief Controllers,
Laboratory Directors, Corporate and Technical Directors
with a platform to meet, share their experiences and
discuss the R&D activities and challenges faced by the
country during the past year and showcase the
programme/ agenda for the year ahead. Hon'ble Raksha
Mantri Shri AK Antony conferred 13 Young Scientists
Awards to scientists for their excellent contribution in the
field of emerging technologies; and 17 Best Performance
Awards for personnel of various categories for excelling in
their multifaceted tasks.
The proceedings and citations of the awards will be
covered in the forthcoming issue.
May 2
00
8
Jan
uary
20
08
May 2
00
8
The Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) has digital fly-by-wire, conventional weapons, guided weapons and integration of
integrated avionics and weapon systems. The flight radars to bring out its air superiority power. The process
control system consists of nine embedded systems with followed for software certification of LCA airborne software
safety-critical software to accomplish fly-by-wire flight is described here .
control functions. The avionics system consists of 31 For flight control system, safety has to be established
embedded airborne systems, which are mission critical in through IV&V and testing before the first flight. Safety of
nature. All these systems are software-intensive to the aircraft hence depends on the safety and integrity of
accomplish navigation, mission, and weapon aiming the integrated flight control system, and hence, the safety
functions. These systems drive 10 display surfaces to of the software which implements the control laws for the
update the pilot in real-time with system status and the flight and the fault tolerance which are achieved through
mission. Criticality of these systems emerge from redundancy management of the quadruplex system.
dependency of the pilot on these displays. It also provides Utmost care has been taken to cater for the realisation of
warning and caution messages to the pilot for immediate safety critical functions and to cater for added hazards
action required in an emergency. Weapon aiming cues, introduced through the software realisation
speed guidance, and flight plan navigation are other . -7 functions accomplished through these systems. To achieve the probability of failure of 10 for the flight
control system, it was assumed that software reliability Out of the 31 embedded systems only 4 systems are
figure should be 1. To achieve such reliability, stringent processed while all the other systems are developed
software verif ication and validation activit ies indigenously by different DRDO and public sector units.
encompassing the entire life cycle have been planned. Airworthiness certification of all the embedded (hardware
Safety analysis brought out the failure modes in the and software) bought out systems is done by CEMILAC.
system and also added failure modes introduced by the
Development approach followed for LCA avionics system software. While the software development process
is incremental and concurrent . Both design and followed the V model, certification activities followed a
cert ification teams work toge ther during design, parallel V model. It starts from the system requirements
development, and certification. The process of design review phase and continues its verification, validation to
evaluation and certification is an umbrella activity covering sof twa re req uir eme nts , to sof twa re des ign and
the ent ire development process rather than an implementation. Module level tests are verified for the
afterthought. adequacy of the test cases, correctness of the test
scenario, and accuracy of generation of excepted results. At present, LCA is undergoing weapon integration and
Similarly, for hardware-software integration tests, stringent sensor evaluation and integration phase. R-73 close
V&V is done for the adequacy of coverage of combat missile, LDP (laser designation pod) and helmet-
requirements, correctness of test scenario, method of mounted display systems (HMDS) are already integrated
testing, generation of fault through simulation, to be in into the aircraft. Efforts are on for integration of other
close comparison with the actual environment. Safety
critical parameters are monitored
throughout test scenario, to
capture system level failure
c r i t i c a l tendency and to capture
system. But, of nuisance failures. Configuration
cou rse t he p i l o t - i n - l oop management of test scenario,
simulation and fault free testing is not called u n i t u n d e r t e s t i n g a n d
for mission critical systems.configuration verification of tests
patches are also taken up to get confidence in the testing Once the initial version is certified for flight, any
process. Automatic test procedures are thoroughly enhancement to the software has to be taken up through
verified to confirm their match with the test procedures. impact analysis and regression testing. Impact analysis
Online and offline analysis of the test results are carried brings out control flow, data flow, and functionality
out to ensure the test results are falling within the dependencies.
tolerance limits with required accuracy under the known
It is also essential to put the software development limitations of the test rig.
artifacts, the software and the test rig software to be put For flight control system, source code review is under
under configuration management. Problems and faults taken to ensure that the code follows a safe subset of ADA
arising at different levels of testing are to be traced and and to ensure that it can achieve deterministic behaviours
solutions have to be arrived at to achieve end goal. Safety in terms of time and functionality. Object code verification
and reliability of the embedded airborne software are thus and complier validation are also carried out to ensure that
attained through, managed process and product errors introduced through the compilation and loading
development and systematic certification process.process are eliminated. System integration test and
The software development process and certification analysis are taken up to ensure that the integrated flight
process to be followed for embedded airborne software control system with its actual interfaces has been
are elaborated in Design, Development and Production of integrated correctly and is performing even in cases of
Military Airborne Stores (DDPMAS)-software. It calls for a failures to achieve fail operational, fail operational, and
process, which is independent of the software failsafe (FO/FO/FS) requirements. Detailed analysis of
development methodology and life cycle process. The the system behaviour is carried out to ensure
essential information required in life cycle artifact and performance of the systems in the near-actual but
method of review of each of the life cycle output are also simulated environment. Pilot-in-loop simulation and fault-
elaborated. Essential artifacts required for certification free testing (in which the pilot flies the simulated aircraft
and requirement of coordination by the CEMILAC also is with actual flight control system) are also done before
elaborated by the software. DDPMAS-software makes it issuing the airworthiness clearance.
clear that certification process is an umbrella activity Mission-critical software also caters for stringent IV&V.
throughout the development process to ensure that well Achieving performance in terms of weapon delivery
refined process and stringent verification process are accuracy, reliable display, timely announcements of
followed, which is the basis of airworthiness certification warnings and navigation guidance are critical to the
of embedded airborne software.accomplishment of the mission. Excepting the compiler
Contributed byvalidation and object code verification activities, the Gracy Philip, certification process followed is similar to that of the safety RCMA(A/C), CEMILAC, Bangalore
LCA AVIONICS AND FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM
SOFTWARE CERTIFICATION
May 2
00
8
Jan
uary
20
08
May 2
00
8
The Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) has digital fly-by-wire, conventional weapons, guided weapons and integration of
integrated avionics and weapon systems. The flight radars to bring out its air superiority power. The process
control system consists of nine embedded systems with followed for software certification of LCA airborne software
safety-critical software to accomplish fly-by-wire flight is described here .
control functions. The avionics system consists of 31 For flight control system, safety has to be established
embedded airborne systems, which are mission critical in through IV&V and testing before the first flight. Safety of
nature. All these systems are software-intensive to the aircraft hence depends on the safety and integrity of
accomplish navigation, mission, and weapon aiming the integrated flight control system, and hence, the safety
functions. These systems drive 10 display surfaces to of the software which implements the control laws for the
update the pilot in real-time with system status and the flight and the fault tolerance which are achieved through
mission. Criticality of these systems emerge from redundancy management of the quadruplex system.
dependency of the pilot on these displays. It also provides Utmost care has been taken to cater for the realisation of
warning and caution messages to the pilot for immediate safety critical functions and to cater for added hazards
action required in an emergency. Weapon aiming cues, introduced through the software realisation
speed guidance, and flight plan navigation are other . -7 functions accomplished through these systems. To achieve the probability of failure of 10 for the flight
control system, it was assumed that software reliability Out of the 31 embedded systems only 4 systems are
figure should be 1. To achieve such reliability, stringent processed while all the other systems are developed
software verif ication and validation activit ies indigenously by different DRDO and public sector units.
encompassing the entire life cycle have been planned. Airworthiness certification of all the embedded (hardware
Safety analysis brought out the failure modes in the and software) bought out systems is done by CEMILAC.
system and also added failure modes introduced by the
Development approach followed for LCA avionics system software. While the software development process
is incremental and concurrent . Both design and followed the V model, certification activities followed a
cert ification teams work toge ther during design, parallel V model. It starts from the system requirements
development, and certification. The process of design review phase and continues its verification, validation to
evaluation and certification is an umbrella activity covering sof twa re req uir eme nts , to sof twa re des ign and
the ent ire development process rather than an implementation. Module level tests are verified for the
afterthought. adequacy of the test cases, correctness of the test
scenario, and accuracy of generation of excepted results. At present, LCA is undergoing weapon integration and
Similarly, for hardware-software integration tests, stringent sensor evaluation and integration phase. R-73 close
V&V is done for the adequacy of coverage of combat missile, LDP (laser designation pod) and helmet-
requirements, correctness of test scenario, method of mounted display systems (HMDS) are already integrated
testing, generation of fault through simulation, to be in into the aircraft. Efforts are on for integration of other
close comparison with the actual environment. Safety
critical parameters are monitored
throughout test scenario, to
capture system level failure
c r i t i c a l tendency and to capture
system. But, of nuisance failures. Configuration
cou rse t he p i l o t - i n - l oop management of test scenario,
simulation and fault free testing is not called u n i t u n d e r t e s t i n g a n d
for mission critical systems.configuration verification of tests
patches are also taken up to get confidence in the testing Once the initial version is certified for flight, any
process. Automatic test procedures are thoroughly enhancement to the software has to be taken up through
verified to confirm their match with the test procedures. impact analysis and regression testing. Impact analysis
Online and offline analysis of the test results are carried brings out control flow, data flow, and functionality
out to ensure the test results are falling within the dependencies.
tolerance limits with required accuracy under the known
It is also essential to put the software development limitations of the test rig.
artifacts, the software and the test rig software to be put For flight control system, source code review is under
under configuration management. Problems and faults taken to ensure that the code follows a safe subset of ADA
arising at different levels of testing are to be traced and and to ensure that it can achieve deterministic behaviours
solutions have to be arrived at to achieve end goal. Safety in terms of time and functionality. Object code verification
and reliability of the embedded airborne software are thus and complier validation are also carried out to ensure that
attained through, managed process and product errors introduced through the compilation and loading
development and systematic certification process.process are eliminated. System integration test and
The software development process and certification analysis are taken up to ensure that the integrated flight
process to be followed for embedded airborne software control system with its actual interfaces has been
are elaborated in Design, Development and Production of integrated correctly and is performing even in cases of
Military Airborne Stores (DDPMAS)-software. It calls for a failures to achieve fail operational, fail operational, and
process, which is independent of the software failsafe (FO/FO/FS) requirements. Detailed analysis of
development methodology and life cycle process. The the system behaviour is carried out to ensure
essential information required in life cycle artifact and performance of the systems in the near-actual but
method of review of each of the life cycle output are also simulated environment. Pilot-in-loop simulation and fault-
elaborated. Essential artifacts required for certification free testing (in which the pilot flies the simulated aircraft
and requirement of coordination by the CEMILAC also is with actual flight control system) are also done before
elaborated by the software. DDPMAS-software makes it issuing the airworthiness clearance.
clear that certification process is an umbrella activity Mission-critical software also caters for stringent IV&V.
throughout the development process to ensure that well Achieving performance in terms of weapon delivery
refined process and stringent verification process are accuracy, reliable display, timely announcements of
followed, which is the basis of airworthiness certification warnings and navigation guidance are critical to the
of embedded airborne software.accomplishment of the mission. Excepting the compiler
Contributed byvalidation and object code verification activities, the Gracy Philip, certification process followed is similar to that of the safety RCMA(A/C), CEMILAC, Bangalore
LCA AVIONICS AND FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM
SOFTWARE CERTIFICATION
8 9
May 2
00
8
Manpower Development Activities
ARDE, Pune Dte of ER & IPR, DRDO HQrs
thThe 6 National Seminar on Aerospace and Related
Mechanisms, ARMS 2008 was organised at the
Armament Research and Development Establishment
ARDE, during 28-29 March 2008 under the aegis of Indian
National Society for Aerospace and Related Mechanisms
(INSARM) . These seminars are jointly organised by ISRO
and DRDO. Dr VK Saraswat, DS & Chief Controller R&D
(MSS) and Shri Vasant Gowariker, former Director, VSSC
and former Vice-chancellor, University of Pune, were the
Guest of Honour and Chief Guest respectively. Shri
Surendra Kumar, OS and Director, ARDE delivered the
welcome address and Shri AM Datar, Associate Director
briefed about the seminar as Convener. The seminar
aimed at providing a common platform for exchange of
ideas among the mechanisms community of DRDO, ISRO,
and other national aerospace laboratories, IITs and
industry, particularly the automobile industry, for which
Pune is a major hub. An exclusive exhibition showcasing
the developments of DRDO, space programmes from
ISRO, and products from about 20 industries was
arranged. A souvenir was released on the occasion. One
hundred papers were received out of which 40 papers
were presented in Oral Sessions and 57 papers were
presented in Poster Session.
The Directorate of Extramural Research and Intellectual
Property Rights (ER&IPR), New Delhi, organised a
Workshop on Grants-in-Aid Research Projects of
DRDO on 5 March 2008 in DRDO Bhawan, New Delhi,
under the chairmanship of Shri M Natarajan, Scientific
Advisor to Raksha Mantri. The workshop aimed at
improving quality and quantity of research output through
such projects that are granted to universities, academic
institutions, and research laboratories.
In his inaugural address, Shri M Natarajan, SA to RM
emphasised the need to focus research on technology
development and fullfilling societal needs. Earlier, Dr
Prahlada, DS and CC R&D (SI) expressed that within the
framework of academic freedom, the grants-in-aid
research projects should be designed to derive benefits.
He also emphasised that directed research should form a
significant part of the grants, which support blue-sky
research and applied project-oriented R&D.
The sessions of oral presentations were chaired by Shri N
Sitaram, DS and CC R&D (ECS) and Dr D Banerjee, DS
and CC R&D (AMS) in addition to Dr Prahlada. The
sessions featured presentations by top officials of other
grants-in-aid agencies viz. Dr V Rao Aiyagiri, Member
Secretary (SERC), Department of Science and
Technology; and Dr PP Chandrachoodan, Program
Officer, BRNS, BARC Mumbai. Director (ER&IPR) and
Chairmen/Secretary, DRDO Research Board gave
presentations on the functioning and status of research
schemes under their purview.
HEMRL, Pune
DRL, Tezpur
DTRL, Delhi PXE, Chandipur
High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL),
Pune, organised a course on Gun Propellant: A
Perspective for Development during 4-8 February
2008. Dr Ajoy Kumar Bose, GM, Ordnance Factory, Dehu
Road, Pune, inaugurated the course and delivered the
Keynote lecture on Rejection Analysis of Propellant NC-
1140 & NC1166. Twenty-eight participants from various
DRDO labs/estts attended the course. Dr A Subhananda Defence Research Laboratory (DRL) organised a
Rao, Director, HEMRL presided over the valedictory Course on Biodegradable Waste Management and Its
function. Dr TK Chakraborthy, Sci F was the Course Applications during 3-7 March 2008. The course was
Director and Dr RR Sangahvi, Sci E was the Course inaugurated by Dr D Konwar, Dean, Science, Tezpur
Coordinator.University, Tezpur. Prof SK Samadarshi, Head, Energy
Dept, Tezpur University was the Guest of Honour and Institute of Defence Scientists & Technologists ( IDST ),
delivered the Keynote Address. The objective of the Pune branch, in association with HEMRL organised a
course was to update the scientific knowledge in the areas course on Explosives Technology for DRTC Officers
of energy production from wastes, energy security, at HEMRL from 28 January-2 February 2008 as per the
valuable fungal foods, highly enriched nitrogenous requirements of PEACE, New Delhi. Twenty-four
compost and its application in agricultural production, etc. Technical Officers, nominated by PEACE from various
Twenty-four participants attended the Course. Dr RB DRDO labs/estts attended the course. Shri AK Mondal,
Srivastava , Director, DRL, Tezpur del ivered the Sci G ( Retd ) Ex-HEMRL was the Course Director while
Valedictory Address and gave away the certificates to the Shri R Vijayappan, Sci D ( Retd ) Ex-ARDE was the
participants. Course Coordinator.
Directorate General Info Systems and Defence Terrain Proof & Experimental Establishment (PXE), Chandipur,
Reseach Laboratory, (DTRL), Delhi, organised a Seminar organised a course on Armour and its Testing during
on Geopatial Capabilities for Defence Preparedness 10-14 March 2008. The course focused on the types and
at DRDO Bhawan during 28-29 February 2008. The event characteristics of different metal and non-metal armours;
was also co-organised by Institution of Surveyors. Lt Gen their design and applications; physics of armour, impact
SPS Dillon, AVSM, VSM, DCOAS (IS&T) was the Chief and emerging techniques of armour testing. Twenty
Guest. Lt Gen Avadesh Prakash, AVSM, VSM, DG Info participants from various DRDO labs/estts attended the
Systems chaired the Keynote Session on GIS-Tool for course. Shri S N Giri, Joint Director (Administration)
Defence Planning. Director, DTRL delivered an invited inaugurated the course and also distributed certificates to
lecture and Chaired a Session on Defence Spatial Data participants during the valedictory function. Sri KK
Infrastructure during the seminar. Around 200 delegates Chand, Sci D was the Course Director and Shri Arkadeb
from the Services, paramilitary forces, DRDO, NRSA , and Banerjee, Sci C was the Dy Course Director.
industry participated in the seminar.
May 2
00
8
Dr Saraswat inaugurating the SeminarWorkshop in progress
8 9
May 2
00
8
Manpower Development Activities
ARDE, Pune Dte of ER & IPR, DRDO HQrs
thThe 6 National Seminar on Aerospace and Related
Mechanisms, ARMS 2008 was organised at the
Armament Research and Development Establishment
ARDE, during 28-29 March 2008 under the aegis of Indian
National Society for Aerospace and Related Mechanisms
(INSARM) . These seminars are jointly organised by ISRO
and DRDO. Dr VK Saraswat, DS & Chief Controller R&D
(MSS) and Shri Vasant Gowariker, former Director, VSSC
and former Vice-chancellor, University of Pune, were the
Guest of Honour and Chief Guest respectively. Shri
Surendra Kumar, OS and Director, ARDE delivered the
welcome address and Shri AM Datar, Associate Director
briefed about the seminar as Convener. The seminar
aimed at providing a common platform for exchange of
ideas among the mechanisms community of DRDO, ISRO,
and other national aerospace laboratories, IITs and
industry, particularly the automobile industry, for which
Pune is a major hub. An exclusive exhibition showcasing
the developments of DRDO, space programmes from
ISRO, and products from about 20 industries was
arranged. A souvenir was released on the occasion. One
hundred papers were received out of which 40 papers
were presented in Oral Sessions and 57 papers were
presented in Poster Session.
The Directorate of Extramural Research and Intellectual
Property Rights (ER&IPR), New Delhi, organised a
Workshop on Grants-in-Aid Research Projects of
DRDO on 5 March 2008 in DRDO Bhawan, New Delhi,
under the chairmanship of Shri M Natarajan, Scientific
Advisor to Raksha Mantri. The workshop aimed at
improving quality and quantity of research output through
such projects that are granted to universities, academic
institutions, and research laboratories.
In his inaugural address, Shri M Natarajan, SA to RM
emphasised the need to focus research on technology
development and fullfilling societal needs. Earlier, Dr
Prahlada, DS and CC R&D (SI) expressed that within the
framework of academic freedom, the grants-in-aid
research projects should be designed to derive benefits.
He also emphasised that directed research should form a
significant part of the grants, which support blue-sky
research and applied project-oriented R&D.
The sessions of oral presentations were chaired by Shri N
Sitaram, DS and CC R&D (ECS) and Dr D Banerjee, DS
and CC R&D (AMS) in addition to Dr Prahlada. The
sessions featured presentations by top officials of other
grants-in-aid agencies viz. Dr V Rao Aiyagiri, Member
Secretary (SERC), Department of Science and
Technology; and Dr PP Chandrachoodan, Program
Officer, BRNS, BARC Mumbai. Director (ER&IPR) and
Chairmen/Secretary, DRDO Research Board gave
presentations on the functioning and status of research
schemes under their purview.
HEMRL, Pune
DRL, Tezpur
DTRL, Delhi PXE, Chandipur
High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL),
Pune, organised a course on Gun Propellant: A
Perspective for Development during 4-8 February
2008. Dr Ajoy Kumar Bose, GM, Ordnance Factory, Dehu
Road, Pune, inaugurated the course and delivered the
Keynote lecture on Rejection Analysis of Propellant NC-
1140 & NC1166. Twenty-eight participants from various
DRDO labs/estts attended the course. Dr A Subhananda Defence Research Laboratory (DRL) organised a
Rao, Director, HEMRL presided over the valedictory Course on Biodegradable Waste Management and Its
function. Dr TK Chakraborthy, Sci F was the Course Applications during 3-7 March 2008. The course was
Director and Dr RR Sangahvi, Sci E was the Course inaugurated by Dr D Konwar, Dean, Science, Tezpur
Coordinator.University, Tezpur. Prof SK Samadarshi, Head, Energy
Dept, Tezpur University was the Guest of Honour and Institute of Defence Scientists & Technologists ( IDST ),
delivered the Keynote Address. The objective of the Pune branch, in association with HEMRL organised a
course was to update the scientific knowledge in the areas course on Explosives Technology for DRTC Officers
of energy production from wastes, energy security, at HEMRL from 28 January-2 February 2008 as per the
valuable fungal foods, highly enriched nitrogenous requirements of PEACE, New Delhi. Twenty-four
compost and its application in agricultural production, etc. Technical Officers, nominated by PEACE from various
Twenty-four participants attended the Course. Dr RB DRDO labs/estts attended the course. Shri AK Mondal,
Srivastava , Director, DRL, Tezpur del ivered the Sci G ( Retd ) Ex-HEMRL was the Course Director while
Valedictory Address and gave away the certificates to the Shri R Vijayappan, Sci D ( Retd ) Ex-ARDE was the
participants. Course Coordinator.
Directorate General Info Systems and Defence Terrain Proof & Experimental Establishment (PXE), Chandipur,
Reseach Laboratory, (DTRL), Delhi, organised a Seminar organised a course on Armour and its Testing during
on Geopatial Capabilities for Defence Preparedness 10-14 March 2008. The course focused on the types and
at DRDO Bhawan during 28-29 February 2008. The event characteristics of different metal and non-metal armours;
was also co-organised by Institution of Surveyors. Lt Gen their design and applications; physics of armour, impact
SPS Dillon, AVSM, VSM, DCOAS (IS&T) was the Chief and emerging techniques of armour testing. Twenty
Guest. Lt Gen Avadesh Prakash, AVSM, VSM, DG Info participants from various DRDO labs/estts attended the
Systems chaired the Keynote Session on GIS-Tool for course. Shri S N Giri, Joint Director (Administration)
Defence Planning. Director, DTRL delivered an invited inaugurated the course and also distributed certificates to
lecture and Chaired a Session on Defence Spatial Data participants during the valedictory function. Sri KK
Infrastructure during the seminar. Around 200 delegates Chand, Sci D was the Course Director and Shri Arkadeb
from the Services, paramilitary forces, DRDO, NRSA , and Banerjee, Sci C was the Dy Course Director.
industry participated in the seminar.
May 2
00
8
Dr Saraswat inaugurating the SeminarWorkshop in progress
Jan
uary
20
08
10 11
May 2
00
8
Jan
uary
20
08
May 2
00
8
DTRL, Delhi
HEMRL, Pune
INMAS, Delhi
PXE, Balasore
DLRL, Hyderabad
DMRL, Hyderabad
RM on 25 March 2008. Director, Dr R Sreehari Rao
briefed them about ongoing projects and showed various
products indigenously developed by DLRL.
Dr SC Pandey, Addl. FA& JS visited HEMRL on 4 March
2008.
Lt Gen Saibal Mukherjee, PVSM, AVSM, PHS, Director
General Medical Services (Army) visited INMAS on 20
Gen (Retd) Shankar Roy Chowdhury, PVSM, visited March 2008.
DTRL, on 20 February 2008. Gen Chouwdhury was
given demonstration of the current projects being
perused by DTRL for the Services and the Border Road Maj Gen BL Khanna, ADG Technical Examination,
Organisation. Integrated HQrs of Defence (Army), visited PXE on 17
March 2008 to examine the quality of work undertaken
by Military Engineering Service at the PXE.
Hon'rable Raksha Mantri, Shri AK Antony visited ELSEC
(DLRL), Hyderabad, along with Shri M Natarajan, SA to
Maj Gen Dalip Bhardwaj VSM, DGMF, Director General
Mechanized Forces along with Col Shamsher Singh,
Director Inservice (Mech); Col UC Dhadwal, Director
Mordernization (Mech); and Col AK Ahuja, Director
Indigenous Prod (Mech), visited DMRL on 11 March
2008. A description about the efforts of DMRL in the
development of armour was given by Dr G
Malakondaiah, Director DMRL.
VISITS TO DRDO LABS/ESTTS
Shri KU Limaye is no more
Shri KU Limaye left for heavenly abode on 27 February 2008 after a brief illness at the age of 62.
Shri KU Limaye joined DRDO in 1968 and served at LRDE, Bangalore, till September 1996. He
also served as Director, Microwave Tube Research and Development Centre (MTRDC), Bangalore
during 1996-2003. He took over additional charge as Director, Centre for Airborne Systems
(CABS), Bangalore in April 2002 and was there till 31 March 2004. He was appointed CC R&D
(ECS) wef 1 March 2005. He worked with DRDO for more than 38 years and held prestigious positions in the
Organisation.
The DRDO family joins together and prays for his soul to rest in peace and give courage to the bereaved family.
th95 Indian Science Congress (ISC) was organised during 3-7 January 2008 at Andhra University, Visakhapatnam,
under the aegis of the Indian Science Congress Association (ISCA). DRDO participated in this national mega
event in a very big way. Dr Manmohan Singh, Hon'ble Prime Minister of India inaugurated the event. Bharat Expo,
a science exposition which was arranged as part of ISC was also inaugurated by the Hon'ble Prime Minister. It
was a proud moment for DRDO when Shri M Natarajan, SA to RM received the Sir CV Raman Birth Centenary
Award from the Hon'ble Prime Minister.
The congress was organised with a focal theme of knowledge-based society using environmentally sustainable
science & technology. Prof Ramamurthy Rallapallli, General President, ISCA delivered the Presidential address,
Shri Kapil Sibal, Hon'ble Union Minister for Science & Technology, Govt. of India presented the S&T note. Dr YS
Rajasekhara Reddy, Hon'ble Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh and Chief Patron of science Congress was the
distinguished guest. Shri D Srinivas, Minister for Higher Education, Govt of Andhra Pradesh and Patron of the
Science Congress, Shri T Subbarami Reddy, Minister for Mines, Govt of India, Shri Dasari Narayana Rao, Minister
for Coal, Govt of India; and Shri MM Pallam Raju, State Minister for Defence, Govt of India were the guests of