May 20, 2003Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003 Structure of Convective Turbulence and Turbulent Fluxes over Complex Terrain during VERTIKATOR Ch. Kottmeier,

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003

Structure of Convective Turbulence and Turbulent Fluxes over Complex Terrain during VERTIKATOR

Ch. Kottmeier, M. Hasel, U. Corsmeier, N. Kalthoff

Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Universität Karlsruhe

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003

Structure of Convective Turbulence and Turbulent Fluxes over Complex Terrain during Vertikator

Ch. Kottmeier, M. Hasel, U. Corsmeier, N. Kalthoff

Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Universität Karlsruhe

Vertical Exchange and Orography

Coordinator: Franz Fiedler, Karlsruhe

• 2 Experiments in Alpine and Prealpine Mountains in 2002

• 6 Agencies, 8 Subprojects

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003

Convection over mountains such as Black Forest is found most variable

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003

Convection over mountains such as Black Forest is found most variable

KA

Freudenstadt

Hornisgrinde

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003

Hornisgrinde Murgtal

(H. Noppel, IMK, 2003)

KAMM 1 Simulation

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003

KAMM Model SimulationH. Noppel, 2003

Convection over mountains such as Black Forest controlled by:

• all factors affecting local surface heating

• induced mesoscale flows

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003

Convection over mountains such as Black Forest controlled by:

• all factors affecting local surface heating

• induced mesoscale flows

• synoptic scale flow and orographic flow interaction

Alps

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003

dynamical control

deeply potentially unstable

| |

weak ---------------- synoptic flow ------- strong

thermo/hydro control

inversions present | | |

inhibiting factors: weak surface heating

shallow convection

deep convection

no convection

mes

osca

le

circ

ulat

ions

/

liftin

g

forc

ed li

ftin

g

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003

Questions adressed

• Heating and height of the mountaineous convective layer

• Structure of convective turbulence

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003

14 Ground stations

• 2 radiosondes

• 1 tethered balloon

• 1 Radar-RASS

• 2 SODARs

• 1 Aerosol-LIDAR

• 2 surface energy balance stations

• 4 turbulence measurements

5 aircraft

• flight pattern of DO-128, D-IBUF

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003

sawpattern flights of RF5

+ 2-hourly radiosondes

to get boundary layer heights

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003

Mixing heights from und q

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003

previous (glider record) day:

hmix differs by 1200 m

h differs by 1000 m

Height of convectively mixed layer

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003

morning flight:

hmix differs by 2000 m

h differs by 1000 m

previous (glider record) day:

hmix differs by 1200 m

h differs by 1000 m

Height of convectively mixed layer

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003

morning flight:

hmix differs by 2000 m

h differs by 1000 m

afternoon flight:

hmix differs by 1800 m

previous (glider record) day:

hmix differs by 1200 m

h differs by 1000 m

Height of convectively mixed layer

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003

Turbulent heat fluxes above flight sections at different heights, morning flight

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003

Turbulent heat fluxes above flight sections at different heights, afternoon flight

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003

Turbulent latent heat fluxes above flight sections at different heights, afternoon flight

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003

Selection of thermals, lead series:w‘

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003

Total numbers of classified up- and downdrafts, afternoon flight

2000 m MSL

1000 m MSL

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003

Composite structure of thermals and contribution to covariances (fluxes of heat and moisture)

z/zi = 0.2

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003

Composite structure of thermals and contribution to covariances (fluxes of heat and moisture)

z/zi = 0.2

z/zi = 0.54

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM [email protected]

(I. Bertram, IMK, 2002)

Wachstum der Murgtalzelle 1

June 19, 2002, afternoon:Cell development observed by Radar and aircraft data.

May 20, 2003 Ch. Kottmeier et al., ICAM 2003