Max Tegmark University of Pennsylvania MEASURING THE UNIVERSE
Mar 27, 2015
Max Tegmark
University of Pennsylvania
Max Tegmark
University of Pennsylvania
MEASURING
THE
UNIVERSE
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Who cares?
WHO CARES ABOUT COSMOLOGY?
Particle physicists:
- Is there dark matter? Massive neutrinos, wimps, axions or something else?
- Did inflation happen? Can we learn about physics at very high energies?
General relativists:
- Did inflation produce gravity waves?
- What is the geometry of the Universe?
Numerical simulators:
- Only need to run the code once, not for umpteen cosmological models
People on the street
- Will there be a big crunch?
- How did it all begin?
- Are there infinitely many other stars?
Observers:
- What is the correct age, distance and size for the objects being studied?
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
WHAT DO WE WANT TO MEASURE?
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Onion
Teg
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Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
BudgetOrdinary Matter
5%
Dark Energy66%
Cold Dark Matter29%
Ordinary Matter
Dark Energy
Cold Dark Matter
Hot Dark Matter
Photons
Budget Deficit
h2b=.021+.006
.006
•Matter Budget
•Early Universe
•Gastrophysics
=0.66+.10
.13h2c=0.12+.05
.03
h2=.001+.04
h2=0.0001k=0.00+.06
.06
(95% limits)
Scalar normalization Q ~ 105
Scalar tilt n = 0. 93 +.12
Running of tilt = ?
Tensor normalization R < 0.2
Tensor tilt nT = ?
.10
Is cosmology solved?We still have no cluewhat 95% of all stuff is made of!
Reionization optical depth
Galaxy bias b ~ 1 (for 2dF L*)Hubble parameter
.07
h=0.65+.11
.11
THOSE PESKY PARAMETERS: WE’RE ZEROING IN! (August 2002)
(Post-CBI parameters from Xiaomin Wang)
The cosmic plan:LECTURE 1: Cosmology primer: Review of the basics of modern cosmology (basic cosmological storyline, inflation, nucleosynthesis, recombination, structure formation, etc) to get everybody up to speed on the foundations underlying the other lectures.
LECTURE 2: Cosmic microwave background: The basics of acoustic oscillations, how different cosmological parameters affect the CMB, summary of current and upcoming experiments.
LECTURE 3: Galaxy clustering: The basics of structure formation, how different cosmological parameters affect the matter power spectrum P(k), summary of current and upcoming galaxy surveys.
LECTURE 4: Other cosmological probes, outlook: Gravitational lensing, Lyman alpha forest, supernovae Ia, latest constraints on cosmological parameters, open questions, my speculations about what will be exciting areas for future research.
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
I.OVERVIEW
OF THEBASICS
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Big Bang Zoom
Higher order: gastrophysics
0th order: a(t)
1st order: g(z,k)
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Boomzoom
SN Ia
Tegmark 2001
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Boomzoom
SN Ia
Tegmark 2001
NOWSNAP
See also Wang & Garnavich 2001
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Big Bang Zoom
Higher order: gastrophysics
0th order: a(t)
1st order: g(z,k)
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Saskatoon Zoom
CMB
May 23, 2002: New CBI & VSA results
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Saskatoon Zoom
CMB
May 23, 2002: New CBI & VSA results
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
LSS
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
LSS
Clusters
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
CMB
LSS
Clusters
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
CMB
Ly
LSS
Clusters
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
CMB
Ly
LSS
Clusters
Lensing
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
The cosmic plan:LECTURE 1: Cosmology primer: Review of the basics of modern cosmology (basic cosmological storyline, inflation, nucleosynthesis, recombination, structure formation, etc) to get everybody up to speed on the foundations underlying the other lectures.
LECTURE 2: Cosmic microwave background: The basics of acoustic oscillations, how different cosmological parameters affect the CMB, summary of current and upcoming experiments.
LECTURE 3: Galaxy clustering: The basics of structure formation, how different cosmological parameters affect the matter power spectrum P(k), summary of current and upcoming galaxy surveys.
LECTURE 4: Other cosmological probes, outlook: Gravitational lensing, Lyman alpha forest, supernovae Ia, latest constraints on cosmological parameters, open questions, my speculations about what will be exciting areas for future research.
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Big Bang Zoom
Higher order: gastrophysics
0th order: a(t)
1st order: g(z,k)
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Boomzoom
SN Ia
Tegmark 2001
NOWSNAP
See also Wang & Garnavich 2001
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
LSS
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
LSS
Clusters
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
CMB
LSS
Clusters
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
CMB
Ly
LSS
Clusters
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
CMB
Ly
LSS
Clusters
Lensing
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Boomzoom
CMB
De Bernardis et al 2000, Lange et al 2000
BOOMERaNG
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Boomzoom
CMB
De Bernardis et al 2000, Lange et al 2000
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Boomzoom
CMB
Tegmark, Jr., 2001
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
MAPLabeled
MAP SATELLITE
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Map simo
CMBHinshaw 1999
60 GHz simulationwith 0.2 deg resolution
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Saskatoon Zoom
CMB
May 23, 2002: New CBI & VSA results
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
no_experiments
CMB
CMB POWER SPECTRUM DETECTIONS AS OF 1/1 1992
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Saskatoon Zoom
CMB
May 23, 2002: New CBI & VSA results
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Saskatoon Zoom
CMB
May 23, 2002: New CBI & VSA results
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
CMB effects:
Linear perturbation growth
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
History
CMB(Figure from Wayne Hu)
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Big Bang Zoom
0th order: a(t)
1st order: g(z,k)
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
History
CMB(Figure from Wayne Hu)
The cosmic plan:LECTURE 1: Cosmology primer: Review of the basics of modern cosmology (basic cosmological storyline, inflation, nucleosynthesis, recombination, structure formation, etc) to get everybody up to speed on the foundations underlying the other lectures.
LECTURE 2: Cosmic microwave background: The basics of acoustic oscillations, how different cosmological parameters affect the CMB, summary of current and upcoming experiments.
LECTURE 3: Galaxy clustering: The basics of structure formation, how different cosmological parameters affect the matter power spectrum P(k), summary of current and upcoming galaxy surveys.
LECTURE 4: Other cosmological probes, outlook: Gravitational lensing, Lyman alpha forest, supernovae Ia, latest constraints on cosmological parameters, open questions, my speculations about what will be exciting areas for future research.
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Paid advertisement:
Come to Penn!www.physics.upenn.edu
Acoustic oscillations:(Figure courtesy of Wayne Hu)
CMB effects:
CMB lensing:
The Rees-Sciama effect:
CMB effects:
OV effect
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Boomzoom
CMB
Boomerang
Virgo LCDM simulation
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Boomzoom
CMB
Boomerang
2dF galaxies
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
LSS
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Cmbgg OmOl
Sky coverage of SDSS redshift survey
(Aitoff projection, equatorial coordinates)
(Dust map fromSchlegel, Finkbeiner & Davis)
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
LSS
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
The cosmic plan:LECTURE 1: Cosmology primer: Review of the basics of modern cosmology (basic cosmological storyline, inflation, nucleosynthesis, recombination, structure formation, etc) to get everybody up to speed on the foundations underlying the other lectures.
LECTURE 2: Cosmic microwave background: The basics of acoustic oscillations, how different cosmological parameters affect the CMB, summary of current and upcoming experiments.
LECTURE 3: Galaxy clustering: The basics of structure formation, how different cosmological parameters affect the matter power spectrum P(k), summary of current and upcoming galaxy surveys.
LECTURE 4: Other cosmological probes, outlook: Gravitational lensing, Lyman alpha forest, supernovae Ia, latest constraints on cosmological parameters, open questions, my speculations about what will be exciting areas for future research.
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Constraints ondark matter
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Cmbgg obns
Wang, Tegmark & Zaldarriaga 2001
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Cmbgg obns
Wang, Tegmark & Zaldarriaga 2001
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Cmbgg obns
Wang, Tegmark & Zaldarriaga 2001
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Cmbgg obns
Wang, Tegmark & Zaldarriaga 2001
+
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Cmbgg obns
Wang, Tegmark & Zaldarriaga 2001
+
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Constraints onneutrinos
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Constraints ondark energy
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Cmbgg OmOl
CMB
Tegmark, Zaldarriaga & Hamilton 2000
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Cmbgg OmOl
CMB
Tegmark, Zaldarriaga & Hamilton 2000
+
LSS
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Cmbgg OmOl
CMB
Tegmark, Zaldarriaga & Hamilton 2000
+
LSS
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Cmbgg OmOl
CMB
Tegmark, Zaldarriaga & Hamilton 2000
+
LSS
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
BudgetOrdinary Matter
5%
Dark Energy66%
Cold Dark Matter29%
Ordinary Matter
Dark Energy
Cold Dark Matter
Hot Dark Matter
Photons
Budget Deficit
h2b=.021+.006
.006
•Matter Budget
•Early Universe
•Gastrophysics
=0.66+.10
.13h2c=0.12+.05
.03
h2=.001+.04
h2=0.0001k=0.00+.06
.06
(95% limits)
Scalar normalization Q ~ 105
Scalar tilt n = 0. 93 +.12
Running of tilt = ?
Tensor normalization R < 0.2
Tensor tilt nT = ?
.10
Is cosmology solved?We still have no cluewhat 95% of all stuff is made of!
Reionization optical depth
Galaxy bias b ~ 1 (for 2dF L*)Hubble parameter
.07
h=0.65+.11
.11
THOSE PESKY PARAMETERS: WE’RE ZEROING IN! (December 2001)
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Smorgasbord
They hunted till darkness came on, but they found Not a button, or feather, or mark, By which they could tell that they stood on the ground Where the Baker had met with the Snark.
In the midst of the word he was trying to say, In the midst of his laughter and glee, He had softly and suddenly vanished away For the Snark was a Boojum, you see.
The Hunting of the Snark/Missing Mass
by Lewis Carroll
[…]
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
LSS
Clusters
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Saskatoon Zoom
CMB
May 23, 2002: New CBI & VSA results
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
LSS
Clusters
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
CMB
LSS
Clusters
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Measuring P(k)with the LyF
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Croft LyA
Croft et al 2000Ly
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Boomzoom
Lyman Alpha Forest Simulations:Dave, Hernquist, Katz & Weinberg 1999
Ly
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Croft LyA
Reanalysis of Croft et al (astro-ph/0012324)by Hamilton & Gredin (astro-ph/0111194)
Ly
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
CMB
LSS
Clusters
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
CMB
Ly
LSS
Clusters
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Measuring P(k)with weak lensing
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Boomzoom
Lensing
Gravitational lensing
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Boomzoom
Van Waerbeke et al 2000, astro-ph/0101511
Lensing
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Boomzoom
Lensing
Hoekstra et al 2002, astro-ph/0204295(53 square degrees!)
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
Lensing
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
Lensing
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
CMB
Ly
LSS
Clusters
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
CMB
Ly
LSS
Clusters
Lensing
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Measuring the primordial power
spectrum P*(k)
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
CMB
Ly
LSS
Clusters
Lensing
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
CMB
+
LSS
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga 2002
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
CMB
+
LSS
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga 2002
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
CMB
+
LSS
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga 2002
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
CMB
+
LSS
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga 2002
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
Wrong baryon density:
b=0.07 Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
1parmovies
Wrong baryon density:
b=0.07 Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047
Max TegmarkUniv. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] de JordãoSeptember 2,2002
Smorgasbord
Beyond cosmological parameters, summary:Test the underlying physics rather than assuming itCosmological functions rather than cosmological parametersMeasure the free functions rather than parametrizing them in a way involving untested physical assumptions - a form of data compression
Do observations disagree with each other or with theory?
Data => Cosmological functions <= Theory