MAUI SMART GRID PROJECT - Hawaii Natural Energy … · MAUI SMART GRID PROJECT ... funding with substation/feeder construction, BESS Hawaiian Electric Company (HECO) ... offered an

MAUI SMART GRIDPROJECT

MANAGING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM RESOURCES FOR IMPROVED SERVICE QUAILTY AND RELIABILTY, TRANSMISSION CONGESTION RELIEF, AND GRID SUPPORT FUNCTIONS

Project PartnersHawai‘i Natural Energy Institute (HNEI) of University of Hawaii

Project Manager & Principal Investigator; Maui Electric Company (MECO)

Host utility; Project design, system operator interface, SCADA integration; Co-funding with substation/feeder construction, BESS

Hawaiian Electric Company (HECO)Co-host utility; Power systems engineering, cyber security

Maui Economic Development Board (MEDB)Education and outreach to community

Maui CountyCommunity outreach; demand response for county pumping loads

Sustainable living Institute of Maui (SLIM) at University of Hawaii Maui CollegeEnergy audits and training; participant support

SRA International (SRA/Sentech)Requirements definition; system integration; test protocol

Silver Spring Networks (SSN)Vendor for communication system, AMI, demand response; Customer outreach support

AlstomVendor for Distribution Management System; SCADA integration support

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Presentation Overview

• Project Overview

• Project Objectives

• System Design

• Analysis

• Conclusions and Accomplishments

• Lessons Learned

Project Overview

Basic MECO System Facts:

System peak load ≈ 200MW

Fossil fuel and biofuel capacity =

about 250 MW

Kaheawa Wind plant = 30 MW

Up to 90 MW of proposed renewables

Project will use 2 circuits @ Wailea

Substation circuits 1517 and 1518Maui Meadows ≈ 900 homes

Other circuit with resorts & commercial

1518

1517Kahului

Maui

Wailea

Project ObjectivesProject’s challenge is to determine whether the capabilities of the Smart Grid can improve utility operations and customer service, and if so, at what cost and benefit.• Distribution Level

– D-1: Reduce a distribution system’s peak grid energy consumption.– D-2: Improve voltage regulation and power quality on the selected

distribution feeder.– D-3: Demonstrate that the architecture of the demonstration project is

compatible with additional distribution management system functions, customer functions, and legacy systems.

– D-4: Develop and demonstrate solutions to significant increases in distributed solar (photovoltaic systems) technologies.

• By making the distribution system dispatchable, provide Transmission-level benefits of– T-1: Management of short-timescale intermittency from resources

elsewhere in the grid, such as wind energy, solar energy, or load intermittency.

– T-2: Management of spinning reserve or load-following regulation.– T-3: Reduction of transmission congestion (through peak curtailment).

Needs and Project Targets

Objective Key Utility Needs Smart Grid Project Targets

Integrate Renewables

Grid stability with variable resources

Limited visibility of distributed RE

Increasing curtailment

DER as substitute for conventional reserves

Use AMI to monitor distributed PV and voltages

Use BESS and AMI to capture curtailed energy

InformConsumer Energy Use

Monthly bill primary source of information

New rates being implemented (tiered and TOU)

New displays provide near real time data

Help inform consumers on pricing information

Improve Service Quality

Limited outage and voltage violation detection in distribution system

Use AMI to detect outages and improve response

Use AMI to detect voltage violations

DMS volt-Var control and load flow to reduce losses

Reduce Peak Load by 15%

Peaking units very expensive on Maui

Limited load research data

Coordinating use of DER

BESS and DR provide new resources

AMI/HAN data measure appliance load profiles and help develop DR strategies

DMS helps manage DER with other system resources

Key Maui-specific Issues• Improve visibility into the distribution system; evaluate methods to

acquire, transmit, process and display the information; data resolution and latency requirements. Data on customer voltages, resulting in better power quality

• Understand impacts of distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems on service voltages

• How much PV energy is being supplied• Use Demand Response (DR) to reduce peak load and mitigate renewable

energy variability• Specification, installation and operation of a Battery Energy Storage

System (BESS), including smoothing variability from renewable energy and loads

• Identify “Smart Grid” functions, especially “smart meter” functionality, of most value to MECO customers (before system-wide smart meter rollout)

• Improved volt/var management • Determine MECO training and staffing requirements for smart grid

implementation and operation (meter shop, installers, system operators, etc.)

• Integration of AMI, DR and Distribution Management System (DMS) together with MECO’s SCADA/EMS

• Experience specifying, procuring and testing smart grid systems

Primary Functions Implemented• Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)

– “Smart” meters - household energy and voltage in 15 minute increments.

– Web pages for customer to access web energy use information messages

• Photovoltaic (PV) Metering using additional meter• Demand Response (DR)

– Electric water heaters (WH) turned off– Central air conditioners (A/C) thermostat setpoint raised

• In-Home Display (IHD) of energy use, cost of house and appliances

• Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)– 1 MW / 1.2 MWh battery installed on feeder 1517 close to substation. – Charge and discharge by schedule or MECO command

• Distribution Management System (DMS)– Distribution load flow and volt/var control– Distribution voltage/current monitoring

Technical ApproachMain Project Tasks

Installation / Implementation

Planning/

Initial Design

Detailed Design /

Testing

Implementation / Installation

Data Collection, Analysis, Evaluation

• Set project objectives• Select Substation / Feeder• Obtain Baseline Data

• Functional Requirements• System Architecture & Data

Flows• Vendor Selection• Technical Review• Factory Acceptance Test

• Contracting/agreements• Equipment Installation

o AMI, HAN, BESS, DMS

• System integration

• Baseline Data• Metrics / data collection• DOE Reporting• Equipment

(decommissioning/ extension)

. Outreach & Engagement (Customers, MECO Employees, HI Stakeholders, U.S. Energy Sector)

Develop and approve Outreach Plan

Volunteer/Community Outreach

• Letters to local residents• Community meetings• Local media stories• Project website• Project newsletter• Recruit and enroll volunteers• Ongoing outreach & support

MECO Employees

• Employee training• Inform staff on project

and goals

DOE & other Stakeholders

• Press releases/ media on project

• DOE Reporting• Presentations to Hawaii

stakeholders (e.g., PUC)• Spoke at Asia Pacific Economic

Cooperation (APEC) Summit

System DesignAMI and Communication

SSN Data Center

Internet

MECO Data Center

MECO

Backhaul

Wailea Sub

Station

Maui Meadows

SSN Mesh

2 Cellular Access Points

Master eBridge communicating via DNP3 to Sentient MM2 and connected to the MECO RTU

195 GE i210+c meters with SSN communication module with HAN (30 providing Voltage Monitoring near Sentient AMPs)

20 Energate Load Control Switches (Monitoring only) for home solar

15 Energate PCTs

5 GE kV2c meters with SSN Communication module

50 Energate Load Control

Switches

15 EnergyAware In-Home-Displays

10 x 3 Sentient MM2 (one per primary

phase, 10 locations)

AMI: IPv6 AMI and HAN traffic

DA: IPv4 DNP3

Web Services: Voltage Monitoring to DMS

Web Services: AMM to MS

Web Services: DRM to MS

B2B L2L IPSec VPN

Voltag

e

Monit

or Alstom

EMS

Mobile Data

Backhaul

System DesignDistribution Management System

System DesignCyber Security

• Approach– Designed as part of the system – not an add-on– Defense in Depth Architecture - multiple layers of security controls

placed throughout the system

• Cyber Standards: PCI Version 3.0, ISO 27001/02, NIST 800-53, NERC-

CIP, NIST-7628, FIPS 140-2

• Cross domain segregation– Feeder Current Transformer to MECO RTU – MECO SCADA System interconnection with DMS– DMS / MECO SCADA and MECO IT

• Protect customer information

Security plans were reviewed and approved by MECO and HECO cyber Security

Communication and OutreachCustomer Recruitment

• Lead: Maui Economic Development Board

• All participants were volunteers

• Ideal scenario - mix of customers with smart meters, PV, in-home devices such as programmable thermostats, monitored appliances, and web portal access

• Development of several communication tools (website, mailers / tri-folds, fact sheets, etc.)

All participants were offered an energy audit

Communication and OutreachOutreach Activities

• Initial meetings with Maui Meadows Homeowners Associations and residents

• Community information events• Meetings with local government, community and

environmental groups• Media interviews• Website• Home visits• Customer surveys• Newsletters• Monthly coffee groups

All participants were volunteers

ESSENTIAL: Continuing feedback, participant meetings, fast response to problems

Workforce Development

• SLIM at UHMC– Provided energy audits to home volunteers – Trained local students in audits and clean energy

technologies

• SLIM Program Goals– Train students in home energy management skills – Provide students with real-world experience – Train a local workforce in energy management – Prepare students to gain employment in the

energy management field– Offer free home energy audits to volunteers

Workforce Development

Workforce Development

Analysis and Evaluation

• Residential customer load and voltage profiles• Customer energy use• Estimating PV output• Use of customer energy use Web portals and

in-home displays (IHD)• Demand Response (DR)• Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)• Distribution system visibility (voltage support)

Analysis and EvaluationResidential Customer Load and Voltage Profiles

• Observed Maui Meadows load shapes similar to MECO’s estimates for residential class load profile

• Observed instances of high and low voltage (out of acceptable range)– High voltages may be caused by PV power injection– MECO adjusted transformer tap settings to bring voltages within

acceptable range – showed value of increased visibility– Future MECO distribution transformers purchased will have the

ability tot adjust voltage down, not just raise it

Analysis and EvaluationCustomer Energy Use

• MSG volunteers reduced energy use 23% after smart meters were installed

• Audited homes reduced their energy use by 37%

• Smart meters (and associated Web portal) gave participants the ability to reduce their energy consumption significantly

• Energy audits discovered setpoint errors, equipment malfunctions, and other home issues.

• Audits were another opportunity to answer questions and raise energy awareness.

The smart meters demonstrated their ability to help customers save energy

Analysis and EvaluationEstimating PV Output

• In the aggregate, the feeder’s inverters behaved similarly• Due to the effects of PV (and its variability) voltages, a much

faster sampling rate than 15 minutes is needed• An irradiance sensor in the substation can be used effectively

to estimate a PV generation on a feeder, and its data can be read every 4 seconds through the SCADA system

Determining the actual amount of electricity being generated by PV was a key project objective

Analysis and EvaluationCustomer Use of Energy Web Portals and In-Home Displays (IHD)

• Customers with higher electricity use tended to be more likely to request IHDs

• Customers with IHDs did not appear to save more energy than those with Web portal only

• Some customers really liked their IHDs

• Customer access of the Web portal declined as the project progressed

• Most customers just glanced quickly at the portal when they accessed it

• A few customers used the portal to analyze their energy consumption in depth

IHDs did not appear to offer significant additional value to the portal alone

Analysis and EvaluationDemand Response (DR)

• DR can compensate for a sudden drop in renewable energy output• DR can reduce MECO system and feeder (residential class) loads• May be possible to defer WH use until late night, raising minimum

load and recuing wind curtailment• More tests, load research needed

• Raise A/C thermostat 3⁰ F 3- 4 PM• Turn off WH 7 – 8 PM• May extend WH control into the night

to raise MECO minimum loads, reduce wind curtailment

• These DR strategies seem to be acceptable to customers

• DR appears to be effective in reducing system (A/C) or feeder (WH) peak

Successfully demonstrated residential DR in Maui

Analysis and EvaluationBattery Energy Storage System (BESS)

• Developed procedures and standards for battery installation, safety and fire protection

• Refined specifications, factory and site acceptance test procedures for future BESS procurements

• Able to test battery operating modes, obtain performance data

• 1 MW / 1.23 MWh (1 MWheffective capacity) battery installed on Feeder 1517 near the substation

• MECO’s first experience procuring, installing, operating a large battery

• MECO is better prepared to specify, procure, install, commission a BESS• MECO successfully integrated BESS management into SCADA

Analysis and EvaluationBattery Energy Storage System (BESS)

• Reduced feeder peak by over 20%• Load following – can mitigate renewable energy

variability• Feeder voltage support –active power injection• Transmission congestion relief – supply reactive power• Charge at night, in part utilizing wind power

• Successful peak shaving• Successful load following• Voltage and reactive power support• Reduce transmission loading and

congestion

BESS proved effective at reducing peak loads and transmission congestion, as well as enabling MECO to support more as-available renewable energy

Analysis and EvaluationDistribution Management System

• Improved customer service – helped maintain feeder voltages within limits

• No opportunity to test Outage Management System: there we no outages

• Implemented pilot DMS• Validated feeder load model• Study mode – to determine best

LTC and capacitor settings for voltage support

• Integrated with SCADA / EMS

Identified additional modeling and analysis capabilities needed for high penetrations of PV

Summary of Key Findings• Smart meters (with Web portal) help customers understand and reduce

their energy consumption‒ In-home displays did not result in more energy reduction than Web

portal • Increased visibility into the distribution system (with smart meters and

DMS) can detect unexpected voltage excursions and help eliminate them, improving service quality

• Irradiance sensors in substations can provide necessary fast-updated estimates of PV generation

• Demand Response/Load Control can help mitigate sudden drops in renewable energy production‒ It may be possible to defer WH until low load periods at night

• BESS is effective for:‒ Peak reduction (feeder/substation and system)‒ Increasing minimum system loads (charging at night reduces

curtailment of wind)‒ Mitigating variability of renewable energy (load following mode)‒ Supporting voltage on the feeder‒ Reducing transmission loading through peak reduction and by

supplying reactive power

SUMMARY OF RESULTS

• Battery Energy Storage System– BESS is effective in load following mode, to “smooth” variations in

loads and/or renewable energy production.

– The load following control is effective for minimizing peak.

– When located on the feeder, BESS charging and discharging does not markedly affect substation voltage. Setting feeder voltage is best done using transformer tap changers, switched capacitors, or other means.

– BESS is most effective at supplying active power on the feeder, to reduce substation transformer and transmission system load .

– BESS can supply reactive power without significantly affecting state of charge. Having BESS supply reactive power is effective in reducing transmission losses and reduces transmission congestion

Objectives Met!• D-1: Reduce a distribution system’s peak grid energy consumption: BESS

reduced Feeder peak load by over 20%. Proof of concept of two DR programs.• D-2: Improve voltage regulation and power quality within the selected

distribution feeder: AMI and DMS detected out of voltage occurrences and helped mitigate them.

• D-3: Demonstrate that the architecture of the demonstration project is compatible with additional distribution management system functions, customer functions, and legacy systems: The platform developed in the project supported AMI, DR, BESS, IVVC, and improved system visibility. These were integrated with legacy SCADA and transformer tap changer control systems. Lessons learned have already been applied to new MECO / HECO projects.

• D-4: Develop and demonstrate solutions to significant increases in distributed PV: AMI & DMS provided a process to estimate PV output using irradiance sensors. BESS was effective in smoothing variations in PV.

• T-1: Provision for management of short-timescale intermittency from resources elsewhere in the grid, such as wind energy, solar energy, or load intermittency: BESS was dispatched to mitigate short time scale intermittency. The monitoring of PV output and analysis of its variability showed the need for faster monitoring of PV status.

• T-2: Provision for management of spinning reserve or load-following regulation: BESS was operated successfully in load following/regulation mode.

• T-3: Reduction of transmission congestion (through curtailment of peak load): BESS was used to supply real and reactive power on Feeder 1517, reducing transmission congestion.

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• Reduce distribution circuit peak loading by >15%

• By demand response, switching peak loads to energy storage, and

supporting more renewable energy

• Improve service quality

• By improved visibility, voltage monitoring, and volt/var control study

mode

• Enable consumers to manage their energy use to minimize electric bills

• By using AMI “smart meters” with customer portals

• Support grid stability

• Through controllable loads, storage, and improved voltage/current

information

• Enable greater utilization of as-available renewable energy sources

• By providing measurement and estimation of distributed PV to the utility

operator

• By mitigating PV variability through BESS

• By increasing minimum system load (BESS, DR), thus reducing wind

curtailment

Maui Smart Grid Project Goals AchievedDistributed Resources for Transmission-level Support

Lessons Learned• Smart Grid system design and technology options

– Appropriate requirements for system-wide smart grid functions– Vendor Selection and Procurement– Volt/Var Control (VVC) methods– Integration With Other Utility Systems, Especially Legacy

Systems– Data Management and Sampling Intervals– Managing security and access to systems and data

• Customer Interface and Education – outreach, education, communication are critically important

• MECO staff training‒ Familiarize all utility staff with the project‒ As a result of this project, MECO can better estimate training

and staff support requirements for smart grid functions

Going forward, MECO and HECO are better prepared to design, implement and operate advanced technologies consistent with providing reliable, affordable and environmentally compatible electricity to its customers.