Matter—Properties and Changes - asd5.org · PDF fileLabel each picture as an element, compound, mixture of elements, mixture of compounds, mixture of element(s) and compound(s)
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Study Guide for Content Mastery Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 3 15
Section 3.2 Changes in Matter In your textbook, read about physical change and chemical change.
What kinds of changes do these words indicate? Write each word under the correctheading. Use each word only once.
Physical Change Chemical Change
1. 9.
2. 10.
3. 11.
4. 12.
5. 13.
6. 14.
7. 15.
8. 16.
For each item in Column A, write the letter of the matching item in Column B.
Column A Column B
17. The new substances that are formed in a chemical reaction
18. A chemical reaction that involves one or more substanceschanging into new substances
19. Shows the relationship between the reactants and products in achemical reaction
20. States that mass is neither created nor destroyed in any process
21. The starting substances in a chemical reaction
Answer the following question. Write an equation showing conservation of mass of reactants and products.
22. In a laboratory, 178.8 g of water is separated into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. Thehydrogen gas has a mass of 20.0 g. What is the mass of the oxygen gas produced?
Study Guide for Content Mastery Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 3 17
Section 3.4 Elements and CompoundsIn your textbook, read about elements and compounds.
Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemicalmeans is a(n)
a. compound. b. mixture. c. element. d. period.
2. A chemical combination of two or more different elements is a(n)
a. solution. b. compound. c. element. d. period.
3. Which of the following is an example of an element?
a. water b. air c. sugar d. oxygen
4. Which of the following is an example of a compound?
a. gold b. silver c. aspirin d. copper
5. What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?
a. block elements b. groups or families c. grids d. periods
6. What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?
a. block elements b. groups or families c. grids d. periods
Label each substance as either an element or a compound.
7. silicon 10. nickel
8. sodium chloride 11. ice
9. francium
Write the symbol for each element. Use the periodic table on pages 72–73 in your textbook if you need help.
12. neon 15. titanium
13. calcium 16. fluorine
14. iron
In your textbook, read about the law of definite proportions.
Use the law of definite proportions and the equation below to answer the questions.
The law of definite proportions states that regardless of the amount, a compound isalways composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass.
Mass percentage of an element (%) � � 100%
17. A 20.0-g sample of sucrose contains 8.4 g of carbon. What is the mass percentage of car-bon in sucrose? Show your work.
I. Testing ConceptsDirections: Determine whether the italicized term makes each statement true or false. If the statement is true,write true in the blank. If the statement if false, write in the blank the term or terms that make the statement true.
1. Substances are either elements or mixtures.
2. The odor of a substance is a physical property.
3. Smoke is a compound.
4. A substance can be separated into simpler parts through differences in physical properties.
5. The law of conservation of mass states that the mass of all substances before a chemical change equals the mass of all the substances after the change.
6. Colloids are mixtures.
7. The freezing of water is a chemical change.
8. Homogeneous mixtures can be separated by physical changes.
9. Colloids and solutions scatter light.
10. A fruit salad is a homogeneous mixture.
11. Color is a physical property.
12. When a firecracker explodes, mass is lost.
13. Distillation can separate dissolved substances through physical changes.
14. A suspension is a homogeneous mixture.
15. The breaking of a glass window is a physical change.
Directions: In the blank at the left, write the letter of the term or phrase that correctly completes each statement.
16. A(n) ______ is NOT homogeneous.a. suspension c. compoundb. element d. solution
17. The scattering of light by colloids is called ______.a. the Tyndall effect c. air pollutionb. conservation d. suspension
18. Smoke is an example of a ______.a. substance c. colloidb. solution d. suspension
19. Three examples of physical changes are ______.a. freezing of water, evaporation of gasoline, and rusting of a nailb. boiling of water, bursting of a balloon, and melting of a candlec. sawing of wood, crushing of a can, and toasting a marshmallowd. burning of gasoline, rotting of an egg, and exploding of fireworks
20. The color of ink is a ______.a. chemical property c. chemical changeb. physical property d. physical change
21. When two or more substances are combined so that each substance maintains itsown properties, the result is a(n) ______.a. chemical change c. compoundb. element d. mixture
22. When gasoline is burned in an engine, ______.a. gasoline evaporates c. mass is lostb. new substances are formed d. mass is gained
23. ______ is another name for a homogeneous mixture.a. Suspension c. Solutionb. Substance d. Liquid
II. Understanding Concepts
Skill: Concept Mapping
Directions: In the concept map below, write in the correct terms in the spaces provided.
Reviewing Chemistry: Mastering the TEKS Chemistry: Matter and Change
Use the tables below to answer questions 1and 2.
1 The tables show the chemical analyses of twocompounds: baking soda and sodium bicarbonate.Because they have the same percent by mass, theymust be the same compound according to the —
A law of definite proportions
B law of multiple proportions
C law of conservation of energy
D law of conservation of mass
2 If baking soda and sodium bicarbonate are the samecompound, then the mass of carbon in 200.00 g ofbaking soda should be —
A 7.15 g
B 14.30 g
C 28.60 g
D 57.20 g
3 Which of these phase changes does NOT involve theabsorption of heat energy?
A Boiling
B Condensation
C Melting
D Vaporization
4 In the periodic table, a series of elements that isarranged in a horizontal row is called a —
A cluster
B family
C period
D group
5 Distillation is a separation technique that involves —
A using a porous barrier to separate a solid from aliquid
B separating dissolved substances based on theirtendency to be drawn across a surface
C the formation of pure, solid particles of asubstance from a solution containing thedissolved substance
D separating two or more liquids based ondifferences in their boiling points
Element Analysis by Mass % by Mass
Baking Soda Analysis
Oxygen 114.20 g 57.1%Sodium 54.80 g 27.4%
Hydrogen 2.40 g 1.2%Carbon ? 14.3%Total 200.00 g 100%
Element Analysis by Mass % by Mass
Sodium Bicarbonate Analysis
Oxygen 28.55 g 57.1%Sodium 13.70 g 27.4%
Hydrogen 0.60 g 1.2%
Carbon 7.15 g 14.3%Total 50.00 g 100%
This question covers TEKS 4A and 4C. This questiontests the material that was covered in the textbookon page 75.
This question covers TEKS 4C. Thisquestion tests the material that wascovered in the textbook on page75.
This question covers TEKS 4C and 5C. This questiontests the material that was covered in the textbookon page 61.
This question covers TEKS 4D. This question teststhe material that was covered in the textbook onpage 70.
This question covers TEKS 4B and 4C. This questiontests the material that was covered in the textbookon page 69.
Use the diagram below to answer questions 6and 7.
6 The diagram shows a chemical equation representinga chemical reaction. The name and mass of eachsubstance involved in the chemical reaction are alsoshown. Which of these are the reactants?
A HCl and NaOH
B NaCl and H2O
C HCl and H2O
D NaOH and NaCl
7 According to the law of conservation of mass, massis neither created nor destroyed in any process. Onthe basis of this law, what mass of water wasproduced in this reaction?
A 16.0 g
B 18.0 g
C 20.0 g
D 22.0 g
8 Characteristics of a substance can be classified asphysical properties or chemical properties. Which ofthe following is a chemical property?
A Boils at 56ºC
B Tastes sour
C Has a density of 2.9 g/cm3
D Reacts with acid to produce hydrogen gas
Use the diagrams below to answer question 9.
9 Each diagram shows the particles of a substance in aclosed container. Which of these shows thesubstance that is most easily compressed?
A Q
B R
C S
D T
Q R S T
36.5 g
HClhydrochloric
acid
40.0 g
NaOHsodium
hydroxide
58.5 g
NaClsodiumchloride
? g
H Owater
+ + 2
6
CHAPTER 3 Matter—Properties and Changes, continued
Reviewing Chemistry: Mastering the TEKSChemistry: Matter and Change