Structure of Matter What is Matter?
Structure of Matter
What is Matter?
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2. Particles are in constant motion.3. Particles have spaces between them. The spaces
are much larger than the particles themselves.4. Particles are attracted to each other by
electrostatic forces.
Everything in the Universe can be classified as either matter or energy! So what is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies a volume.Matter is the “stuff” the Universe is made of
A Kaboom Key Concept!1. All matter is composed of very tiny particles
Define matter:
This is the first statement of the Particle Model of Matter.
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As temperature , the average energy of the particles
Particles are in constant motion . . .
The energy of the particles in matter determines particle motion and affects the how far apart the particles are from each other.
We can think of particle energy as TEMPERATURE.
The temperature determines
increasesincreases
the phase or state of the matter
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Three Phases of Matter
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Adding heat allows particles to overcome the attractive forces that pull them together.
Add heat
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Solids – definite volume and shape; particles packed in fixed positions; particles can only vibrate back and forth
DJY - Chemistry I 7
Liquids – definite volume but indefinite shape; particles close together but not in fixed positions; particles are free to move (rotate)
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Gases – neither definite volume nor definite shape; particles are at great distances from one another; particles are free to move (translate)
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Plasma – a plasma is an ionized gas. Plasma shares similar characteristics to gases.
A plasma is also a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
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Water phase changes
Temperature remains __________during a phase change.
constant
Heating Curve for Water (a pure substance)
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Phase change diagram
Exothermic(heat released)
Endothermic(heat absorbed)
Vaporization or boiling
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Physical changes . . .
change a substance WITHOUT changing its chemical makeup.
After a physical change, you still have the same substance, it is just in a different form.
Examples:
boiling, freezing, melting, condensation
dissolving
split, crack, crush etc
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Physical properties ..are qualities which can be observed without changing the substance’s composition.
For example:
boiling point, freezing point, melting point
color
density
solubility
hardness
malleability, ductility
conductivity
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Chemical changes Substances are broken down in chemical reactions and new substances are made.Example - Burning hydrogen (H2) with oxygen (O2) gives H2O.
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Chemical Properties describe the how substances react chemically. For example:
Metals react in acid to produce H2 gas
Zn (s) + HCl (aq) H2 (g) + ZnCl2 (aq)
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In a CHEMICAL CHANGE, the composition of the original substance(s) is altered.
The process of chemical change is described as a chemical reaction.
REACTANTS PRODUCTS
Different substances are present at the end of the chemical change. The atoms in the reactants are rearranged to make new and different products.
chemical change
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Signs of a Chemical Change
Color change Heat Light Gas Produced (not from boiling!) Precipitate – a solid formed by
mixing two liquids together
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Physical vs. Chemical Properties
Examples
melting point
flammable
density
magnetic
tarnishes in
air
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Examples
melting point
flammable
density
magnetic
tarnishes in
air
physical
chemical
physical
physical
chemical
Physical vs. Chemical Properties
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Physical vs. Chemical Changes
Examples:
rusting iron
dissolving in
water
burning wood
melting ice
grinding spices
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Physical vs. Chemical Changes
Examples:
rusting iron
dissolving in
water
burning wood
melting ice
grinding spices
chemical
physical
chemical
physical
physical