The Kinetic Theory of Matter The states of matter are the result of how particles of matter behave. The states that all of the particles that make up matter are constantly in motion. As a result, all particles in matter have kinetic energy. You have already seen how particles move in the three states of matter. The kinetic theory of matter is what explains the different states of matter—solid, liquid, and gas. The particles in a solid, such as concrete, are not free to move around very much. They vibrate back and forth in the same position and are held tightly together by forces of attraction. The particles in a liquid, such as water in a pool, move much more freely than particles in a solid. They are constantly sliding around and tumbling over each other as they move. In a gas, such as the air around you or in a bubble in water, parti- cles are far apart and move around at high speeds. Particles might collide with one another, but otherwise they do not interact much. Particles do not always move at the same speed. Within any group of particles, some are moving faster than others. A fast-moving particle might collide with another particle and lose some of its speed. A slow- moving particle might be struck by a faster one and start moving faster. Particles have a wide range of speeds and often change speeds. What is the kinetic theory of matter? 3 2 1 kinetic theory of matter reminder Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. 174 Unit 2: The Structure of Matter All particles in this pool, from those in the concrete structure to those in air bubbles, are always moving. Matter in Motion Liquid Particles in liquids slide by one another and are always in motion. Gas Particles in gases are completely free to move and are always in motion. Solid Particles in solids are held tightly together but are always in motion. 1 2 3 reading tip In illustrations of particle movement, more motion lines mean a greater speed.
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The Kinetic Theory of MatterThe states of matter are the result of how particles of matter behave.The states that all of the particles that makeup matter are constantly in motion. As a result, all particles in matterhave kinetic energy. You have already seen how particles move in thethree states of matter. The kinetic theory of matter is what explainsthe different states of matter—solid, liquid, and gas.
The particles in a solid, such as concrete, are not free to movearound very much. They vibrate back and forth in the same position and are held tightly together by forces of attraction.
The particles in a liquid, such as water in a pool, move much morefreely than particles in a solid. They are constantly sliding aroundand tumbling over each other as they move.
In a gas, such as the air around you or in a bubble in water, parti-cles are far apart and move around at high speeds. Particles mightcollide with one another, but otherwise they do not interact much.
Particles do not always move at the same speed. Within any groupof particles, some are moving faster than others. A fast-moving particlemight collide with another particle and lose some of its speed. A slow-moving particle might be struck by a faster one and start movingfaster. Particles have a wide range of speeds and often change speeds.
What is the kinetic theory of matter?
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2
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kinetic theory of matter
reminder
Kinetic energy is the energyof motion.
174 Unit 2: The Structure of Matter
All particles in this pool, from those in the concrete structure to those in air bubbles, are always moving.
Matter in Motion
Liquid Particlesin liquids slide by
one anotherand arealways inmotion.
Gas Particles in gases are completely freeto move and
are always inmotion.
Solid Particles insolids are heldtightly together
but are alwaysin motion.
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reading tip
In illustrations of particlemovement, more motionlines mean a greater speed.
s8pe-20602-ca 11/17/05 2:58 PM Page 174 MAZER PDF
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