Matter

MATTER

MATTER What is Matter?

matter - anything that takes up space and has mass.

http://jpundits.com/tag/solids

MATTER Physical Properties of Matter

physical properties- characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance into something else.

OBSERVED (use your senses) MEASURED1. taste 2. smell 3. touch 4. see solubility (can it dissolve?) 5. hear

(use metric tools to find specific info) 1. mass - balance 2. length – metric ruler 3. temperature- thermometer (ºC) 4. weight- spring scale 5. density 6. volume

MATTER Physical Properties of Matter

OBSERVED (use your senses) MEASURED1. taste 2. smell 3. touch 4. see solubility (can it dissolve?) 5. hear

(use metric tools to find specific info) 1. mass - balance 2. length – metric ruler 3. temperature- thermometer (ºC) 4. weight- spring scale 5. density 6. volume

mass – the amount of matter in an object: always the same (no matter where you are in the solar system), measured with a balance; all matter has some mass.

Ex. 100g on Earth will be 100g on the Moon

weight – depends on the amount of mater in an object and the force of gravity; not always the same; measured using a spring scale.(Moon has 1/6 the gravity of Earth.) Ex. Earth Mr. T 120 lbs. Moon Mr. T 20 lbs.

volume- the amount of space that an object takes up

MATTER Physical Properties of Matter

OBSERVED (use your senses) MEASURED1. taste 2. smell 3. touch 4. see solubility (can it dissolve?) 5. hear

(use metric tools to find specific info) 1. mass - balance 2. length – metric ruler 3. temperature- thermometer (ºC) 4. weight- spring scale 5. density 6. volume

density- the concentration of matter in an object. (how the matter is packed or put together)

DENSITY = MASS ÷VOLUME

pure Substances always have the same density when measured under the same conditions ( Size does not make a difference)

MATTER What is a Mixture?

mixture- a combination of 2 or more different kinds of matter, each which keeps its own physical properties.

(It is easy to separate a mixture)The method used to separate mixtures into the substances that make them up depends on the physical properties of the substances.

EX. Sugar and iron filings mixture (easy to separate)

Salt and water solution (is NOT easy to separate)

MATTER What is Solubility?

When one substance dissolves in another, a solution is formed. It is a type of mixture in which particles of the 2 substances are evenly mixed.It is not easy to separate.

solubility – ability to be dissolvedMIXTURE SOLUTION

sand sugar + iron fillings salad black pepper + water

sugar + water sea water chocolate milk rubbing alcohol gases in the air brass (zinc + copper)

All solutions are mixtures;Not all mixtures are solutions

MATTER CHANGES in STATEWhich state matter is in depends on CONDITIONS at the time.

That is temperature and pressure.

Three States of MatterI. SolidA. definite shapeB. definite volume (space object takes up)C. particles are very close together in a regular pattern

II. LiquidA. no definite shapeB. flow and take the shape of its containerC. definite volume (space object takes up)D. particles are packed together tightly; they slide over one another as they flow.

III. GasA. no definite shape (takes the shape of container)B. no definite volumeC. particles are packed together the LEASTD. the particles move the fastest

MATTER CHANGES in STATE

All substances can change states.

These are Physical changes.1. freezing- liquid to solid2. melting- solid to liquid3. boiling- liquid to gas4. evaporation- occurs when particles escape from a nonboiling liquid and become gas (L –G)5. condensation-changes a s substance from a gas to a liquid (G-L)6. sublimation- change from a solid to a gas (S-G)

Changes in state occur when HEAT is added or removed.

MATTER CHANGES in STATEChanges in state occur when HEAT is added or removed.

Add heat - particles gain energy; move faster and farther apartRemove heat- particles slow down; particles move closer together

Every substance has its own TEMPERATURE at which it changes from a liquid to a solid.

If it is a solid at room temperature, then it has a very high freezing point. Water Freezes at 0º C

The temperature at which a substance melts and freezes is the SAME. MELTING and FREEZING points are the same.

The point at which a liquid changes to a gas is its Boiling point.Water Boils at 100º C

Substances can be identified by their BOILING and MELTING points.

MATTER CHANGES in STATE

MATTER The end