University of Development Alternative (UODA)
Correlation
1.A computer whole calculating the correlation coefficient
between the variables X and Y obtain the following result:N=30,
X=120, Y=90, XY=335, X2=600, Y2=250, It was, however, later
discovered at the time of checking that it had copied down two
pairs of observations as xy
810
127
While the correct values were xy
812
108
Obtain the correct value of the correlation coefficient between
the variables X and Y.2. An office contains 9 officers. The long
serving officers feel that they should have a seniority increment
based on length service built into their salary structure. An
assessment of their efficiency by their department manager and
personnel department produces a ranking of efficiency. This is
shown below together with a raking of their length of services. Do
the data support the officers, claim for seniority
increment?Ranking according
to length of services:123456789 Ranking according
to efficiency :235191011873. A company gives on-the-job training
to its salesmen which are subject to a test. The company terminates
the service of its salesmen who do not do well in the test.
The following data give the test scores and sales made by nine
salesmen during the last one year:
Test scores
:141924212622152019
Sale (Tk. 000):313648375045334139 Compute the correlation of
coefficient between test scores and sales. Does it indicate that
termination of the services of salesmen with low test scores is
justified?4.Following figures give the rainfall in inches for the
year and the production in 00s of kfs. for the Rabi crop and Kharip
crop. Calculate the Karl Pearsons coefficient of correlation,
between rainfall and total crop:
Rain fall
:20222426283032
Rabi Production:15182032403940
Kharif Production:15172018202115 5. Calculate the correlation
coefficient between age and playing habits of the following
students and comment on it. Also calculate the probable error:
7
Age
:1213141516
No. of students:250200120150100
Regular players:200150489050
6.The city corporation in Bangladesh is considering increasing
the number of police in an effort to reduce crimes. Before taking a
final decision, the corporations council has asked the chief of the
police commissioner to survey the entire city corporation to
determine the relationship between the police and the number of
crimes reported. The chief commissioner gathered the following
information: 5
City
Police
No of Crimes
Dhaka
15
17
Chittagong
17
13
Rajshahi
25
10
Khulna
27
7
Barishal
17
5
Calculate the correlation coefficient between the numbers of
crimes and the numbers of police and interpret.
7. The scores of students in an examination in Math. and Stat.
is given below:Students No:123456789
Marks in Math:704858555450605240
Marks in Stat.:624753605568514843
Calculate rank correlation coefficient between Mathematics and
Statistics and compare the two values.
Example-01: The supply and price of a market on one month are
given below. Calculate their coefficient of correlation.Supply (in
ton)80828691838589
Price(per 10 kg)146140130117133127115
Example -02: The following table shows the marks of Statistics
and mathematics of 10 Students of BBA Department of UODA. Calculate
the Rank correlation and comment on your
result.Statistics92898786837771635350
Mathematics86839177688552823757
Example -03: Two teaching methods A and B are applied on 11
students and the required numbers are given below. Find rank
correlation coefficient.
Students1234567891011
Marks of A2429191430192731202819
Marks of B3735162623271920161121
11. The number of Statistics and Mathematics of 8 students are
given below. Calculate their correlation
coefficient, Rank correlation and comment on your result.
Statistics8030902550708288
Mathematics7040505355657560
12. Following information shows the use of fertilizer and
production of rice of eight fields.
Calculate coefficient of correlation and comment on your
result.
Fertilizer used (in kg)1015202530354045
Rice produced (in kg)200250300340370390400405
13. Following information shows the use of cigarette and
probabilities of cancer of seven patients.
Calculate coefficient of correlation and comment on your
result.
Number of cigarette10131725323540
Probabilities of cancer.20243038444955
Regression Analysis1. The following data give the ages and blood
pressure of eight women.
Age(x)
: 56 58 64 67 79 Blood Pressure (y): 87 90 98108125
i. Find the correlation coefficient between x and y.
ii. Determine the least square regression equation of y on x
iii. Estimate the blood pressure of a woman whose age is 45
years.2. After investigation it has been found the demand for
automobiles in a city depends mainly, if not entirely, upon the
number of families of residing in that city. Below are given
figures for the sales of automobiles in the five cities for the
year 2010 and the number of families residing in those
cities:CityNo. of families in lakhs(x)Sales of automobiles in 000
(y)
A7025
B7528
C8030
D6022
E9035
Fit a linear regression equation of y on x by the least square
method and estimate the sales for the year 2013 for city A which is
estimated to have 100 lakh families assuming that the same
relationship hold true.3. Find the most likely production
corresponding to a rainfall of 40 inches from the following
data:
RainfallProduction
Average 30 inches50 quintals
S.D05 inches10 quintals
Correlation of Coefficient0.8
4. The General sales manager of Kiran Enterprises-an enterprise
dealing in the sales of ready-made mens wears is toying with the
idea of increasing his sales toTk.80000. On checking the records of
ales during the last year 10 years, it was found that the annual
sale proceeds and advertisement expenditure were highly correlated
to the extent of 0.8. It was further noted that the annual average
sale has been Tk.45000 and annual average advertisement expenditure
Tk.30000, with a variance of Tk. 1600 and Tk.626 in advertisement
expenditure respectively.In view of the above, how much expenditure
of advertisement you would suggest the General Sales Manager of the
enterprise to incur to meet his target of sales.5. In a partially
destroyed laboratory record of an analysis of correlation data, the
following results only are legible:Variance of x=9Regression
equation=8X-10Y+66=040X-18Y=214Find on the basis of the above
information:
1. The mean values of X and Y.
2. Coefficient of correlation between X and Y.
3. Standard deviation of Y.6. A financial analyst has gathered
the following data about the relationship between income and
investment in respect of 5 randomly selected
families:Income:81292437
Percent:3625331519
Invested in securities
Develop an estimating equation that best describes these data.
Find the coefficient of determination and interpret it.
Calculate the standard error of estimate for this
relationship.
Find an approximate 90 percent confidence interval for the
percentage of income invested in securities by a family earning
Tk.2500 annually. 7. The following information is collected from a
super shop regarding their sales and advertising expenditures in
one year.
Ad. Expenditure (tk. Thousand)Sales (tk. Thousand)
Average50100
Standard Deviation3625
Coefficient of Correlation0.85
i. Calculate two regression equations.ii. Estimate the
approximate sales for a proposed advertisement expenditure of tk.
120.iii. What should be the advertisement budget if the company
wants to achieve a sales target of tk. 400 thousand?
8. Catalogues listing text books were examined to discover the
relationship between the cost of a book and the number of pages it
contains. The perusal gives the following data for seven books:
Pages
:40455055606570
Prices (Tk.):10141820222530
What increase would you expect for a book if it is decided to
increase the number of pages of the book by 50? 9. The following
information is collected from a super shop regarding their sales
and advertisement expenditure of one year (300 working days are
considered one year).
Sales (TK. Thousand)Advertisement Expenditure (TK. Thousand)
Arithmetic Mean985
Standard Deviation2312
Coefficient of Correlation0.91
i) Calculate total sales and total advertisement expenditure of
one year.
ii) Find two regression equations
iii) Estimate the approximate sales for a proposed advertisement
expenditure of TK. 7 thousand.
iv) What should be the advertisement budget if the company wants
to achieve a sales target of TK. 150 thousand?
10. Following information shows the use of fertilizer and
production of rice of eight fields.a) Estimate two regression lines
and comment of your results.b) What will be the estimated rice
production for 60 of fertilizer?c) If one wants to get 600 of rice
production calculate the approximate fertilizer to use.Fertilizer
used (in kg)1015202530354045
Rice produced (in kg)200250300340370390400405
11. You are given the following data about rain fall and
production of rice of 35 fields.Rain fall (cm)Production (kg)
Arithmetic Mean26.75084
Standard Deviation4.636.8
Coefficient of CorrelationRxy = 0.52
Calculate two regression lines. Estimate the production of rice
if rain fall is 22cm and estimate the rainfall if the production is
600 kg.
Example 02: The following information is collected from a super
shop regarding their sales and advertisement expenditure of one
year (300 working days are considered one year).
Sales (Tk. thousand)Advertisement Expenditure (Tk. Thousand)
Arithmetic Mean985
Standard Deviation2312
Coefficient of Correlation0.91
i) Calculate total sales and total advertisement expenditure of
one year.
ii) Find two regression equations
iii) Estimate the approximate sales for a proposed advertisement
expenditure of Tk. 7 thousand.
iv) What should be the advertisement budget if the company wants
to achieve a sales target of Tk. 150 thousand?
v) 8. Following information shows the use of fertilizer and
production of rice of eight fields.
vi) a) Estimate two regression lines and comment of your
results.
vii) b) What will be the estimated rice production for 60 of
fertilizer?
viii) c) If one wants to get 600 of rice production calculate
the approximate fertilizer to use.
Fertilizer used (in kg)1015202530354045
Rice produced (in kg)200250300340370390400405
ix) 9. You are given the following data about the sales and
Advertisement expenditure of one year (300
x) working days) of a firm.
Sales (Tk. Crores)Advertisement Expenditure (Tk. Crores)
Arithmetic Mean5010
Standard Deviation102
Number Days300
Coefficient of Correlation0.9
xi) a) Calculate Total Sales and total Advertisement expenditure
of the year.
xii) b) Calculate two regression equations
xiii) c) Calculate Coefficient of Regression of sales on
advertisement expenditure and comment.
xiv) d) Estimate the approximate sales for a proposed
advertisement expenditure of Tk. 13.5 crore.
xv) e) What should be the advertisement budget if the company
wants to achieve a sales target of Tk.
xvi) 70 crore?
xvii) 10. You are given the following data about rain fall and
production of rice of 35 fields.
Rain fall (cm)Production (kg)
Arithmetic mean26.75084
Standard deviation4.636.8
Coefficient of correlation
xviii) Calculate two regression lines. Estimate the production
of rice if rain fall is 22cm and estimate the
xix) rainfall if the production is 600 kg.
Time Series Analysis1. Below are given the figures of production
(in thousand quintals) of a sugar
factoryYear:1990199119921993199419951996
Production: 80 90 92 83 94 99 92
( in ooo qtl)
Fit a straight line tend to these figure.
Plot these figure on graph and show the trend line.
Estimate the likely sales of the company during 2000.
Eliminate the trend. What components of the Time Series are thus
left over?
What is the monthly increase in the production of sugar? 2.Below
are given the figures of production (in million tones ) of a cement
factory
Year:1990199219931994199519961999Production: 80 90 92 83 94 99
92
( in ooo qtl)
Fit a straight line tend to these figure.
Plot these figure on graph and show the trend line.
Estimate the likely sales of the company during 2000.
Eliminate the trend. What components of the Time Series are thus
left over?
What is the monthly increase in the production of sugar?
3.The working capital requirements of the XYZ Ltd. Have been
subject to seasonal fluctuations. At the same time, a steady
secular advance can be noted. In oder to evaluate comprehensively
future working cpital needs, the treasure calculated a straight
line trend and the seasonal indices. The trend equation is
Y=10000=500X, where X represents a period of 1 month and has a
value of 0 in 2000. The seasonal indices are as follows:
Jan.80
July125
Feb.95
Aug.99Mar.90
Sep.90
Apl.100
Oct.102
May.116
Nov.105
June.120
Dec.87 Prepare a schedule of estimated working capital
requirements for 2001. What factor could cause these estimates to
be incorrect?
What might be done to compensate for inaccuracies as they become
apparent?
Would you as a banker have any interest in estimates of this
type?
4.The sale of a commodity in ton varied from January 2005 to
December 2005 in the following manner:
MonthSales( inton)
Month
Sales( inton) Jan. 280
July
225
Feb. 300
Aug.
210
Mar. 290
Sep.
290
Apl. 250
Oct.
210May. 216
Nov.
205
June. 220
Dec.
280 Fit a trend by the method of semi-average. Fit a trend by
the method of 3 or 4 monthly moving average.
5.Compute a nonlinear trend of the form Y=a+bx+cx2 for the data
showing the production of wheat ( in thousand tones) during the
years 1992 to 2000.Year
:199219931994199519961997199819992000
Production: 9 10 12 15 13 10 8 16 15 of wheat(in ton)
Probability
1.A sample survey conducted in four cities pertained to
preference for brand A soap. The response is shown below:
Dhaka
khulna
RajshahiNoakhali
Yes
: 35
40
55
60
No
: 20
30
25
45
No response: 04
06
02
05
What is the probability that a customer selected at random 6
Does not preferred brand A.
Preferred brand A and was from Dhaka.
Given that he preferred brand A, what is the probability that he
was from khulna?
Preferred brand A given that he was from Dhaka.
2. Two balance dice, one is black and the other is red, are
thrown and the number of dots on their upper faces are noted. Let b
be the outcomes of the black die and r be the outcomes of the red
die. Find following probabilities: 7
P(b=2r), P(b=odd number, r=4), P(b+r=14), P(b+r=5, br=6)
3. From a lot of 20 items containing 3 defective, a sample of 5
items is drawn at random. Let the random variable X denote the
number of defective items in the sample. Answer the probability
P(0X