Materials Interactions Relevant to the Pulp, Paper, and ...

Materials Interactions Relevant to thePulp, Paper, and Wood Industries

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Cambridge University Press978-1-558-99086-9 - Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Volume 197: Materials Interactions Relevant to the Pulp, Paper, and Wood Industries: Symposium held April 18-20, 1990, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.Editors: D.F. Caulfield, J.D. Passaretti and S.F. SobczynskiFrontmatterMore information

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MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS VOLUME 197

Materials Interactions Relevant tothe Pulp, Paper, and Wood Industries

Symposium held April 18-20, 1990, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.

EDITORS:

D.F. CaulfieldUSDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin,U.S.A.

J.D. PassarettiPfizer Inc., Specialty Minerals, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.

S.F. SobczynskiDepartment of Energy, Office of Industrial Programs, Washington, D.C.,U.S.A.

IMIRTSI MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETYPittsburgh, Pennsylvania






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© Materials Research Society 1990

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This Material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation underGrant No. MSS-8919116.

This Material is based upon work supported by the United States Drug Administration underGrant No. FP-90-1343.






Contents

PREFACE ix

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi

MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS xii

PART I: WOOD AND POLYMER COMPOSITES

MATERIALS SCIENCE OF LIGNOCELLULOSICS 3Roger M. Rowell

LIGNINS: STRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION IN WOOD AND PULP 11John R. Obst

MOLECULAR WEIGHT AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION OFKRAFT LIGNINS 21

Wolfgang Schmidl, Daojie Dong, and Arthur L. Fricke

A NEW EMPHASIS IN STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPING LIGNIN-BASEDPLASTICS 31

Sunil Dutta and Simo Sarkanen

INTERFACIAL ASPECTS OF REINFORCEMENT OF WOOD BY MINERALFIBERS 41

R.V. Subramanian and J.M. Park

COMPOSITE SYSTEMS OF LIGNOCELLULOSICS WITH SYNTHETICPOLYMERS 55

Ramani Narayan and Robert P. Neu

EXTRUDED WOOD-FLOUR POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES: EFFECT OFA MALEATED POLYPROPYLENE COUPLING AGENT ON FILLER-MATRIXBONDING AND PROPERTIES 67

George E. Myers, Paul C. Kolosick,Ichwan S. Chahyadi, Camden A. Coberly,James A. Koutsky, and Donald S. Ermer

UV-VISIBLE RESPONSE OF KRAFT LIGNIN IN SOFT WOOD BLACKLIQUOR 77

Daojie Dong and Arthur L. Fricke

PART II: FIBER/FIBER INTERACTIONS

THE STRUCTURES OF CELLULOSE 89Rajai H. Atalla

MICROMECHANICS MODELS FOR PREDICTING THE ELASTIC ANDSTRENGTH BEHAVIOR OF PAPER MATERIALS 99

Richard W. Perkins






EFFECTS OF AZIDOSILANE TREATMENTS OF WOOD AND CELLULOSEFIBER SURFACES ON ADHESION TO POLYPROPYLENE 119

Paul C. Kolosick, C.T. Scott, J.A. Koutsky,and G.E. Myers

FIBRE QUALITY FACTORS IN PAPERMAKING—I, THE IMPORTANCEOF FIBRE LENGTH AND STRENGTH 125

R.S. Seth

FIBRE QUALITY FACTORS IN PAPERMAKING—II, THE IMPORTANCEOF FIBRE COARSENESS 143

R.S. Seth

THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SONICALLY AND MECHANICALLYDETERMINED ELASTIC MODULI OF PAPER 163

George L. Batten, Jr.

DEPENDENCE OF FIBER/FIBER BONDING ON SOME PAPERMAKINGVARIABLES 173

Robert A. Stratton and Norman L. Colson

PART III: FIBER/WATER INTERACTIONS

THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF VICINAL WATER 185Frank M. Etzler, James J. Conners, andRussell F. Ross

ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN MOISTURE AND WOOD FIBREMATERIALS 193

Lennart Salmen

MODEL STUDY OF PAPER ELASTICITY AND DRYING RESTRAINTS 203Kaarlo J. Niskanen

TENSILE CREEP OF PAPERBOARD—EFFECT OF HUMIDITY CHANGERATES 213

Dennis E. Gunderson and Wayland E. Tobey

EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC FIBER AND BINDER ADDITION ON THESTRENGTH LOSSES ASSOCIATED WITH CORRUGATING MEDIUM 227

John F. Waterhouse

CHITOSAN-COATED FIBERS FOR USE IN PAPERMAKING 239G.G. Allan, J.P. Carroll, Y. Hirabayashi,M. Muvundamina, and J.G. Winterowd

CONTINUUM MODELS FOR THE MECHANICAL RESPONSE OF PAPERAND PAPER COMPOSITES: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE 245

Jeffrey C. Suhling

PART IV: PAPERMAKING AND COATING PROCESSES

PAPER MAKING FURNISH AS A COMPOSITE BLEND. SOME WETEND INTERACTIONS AMONG FURNISH INGREDIENTS 259

Joseph Marton






A MECHANISM FOR THE FORMATION OF PAPER FROM AHETEROGENEOUS FIBER-WATER MIX 269

J.M. Gess

POLYALUMINUM HYDROXYCHLORIDE APPLICATION IN NEUTRALpH ROSIN SIZING OF PAPER 273

Barbara H. Wortley and Joe C. Steelhammer

PAPER COATINGS: HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPOSITES? 279Pierre Lepoutre

AN INVESTIGATION OF FACTORS EFFECTING COATING STRUCTURE 287James E. Kline

FABRICATION OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS FROM FIBROUSPRECURSORS USING PAPER MAKING PROCEDURES 297

J.N. Zabasajja, Soonho Ann, Tony Wu,A. Krishnagopalan, and B.J. Tatarchuk

PART V: SURFACE INTERACTIONS/FILLERS AND PIGMENTS

THE INTER-RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PAPER STRUCTURE ANDPRINT QUALITY IN INK JET PRINTING 3 09

John F. Oliver and A.Y. Jones

PREPARATION OF IN SITU MAGNETICALLY LOADED CELLULOSEFIBERS 319

Serge Ricard and Robert H. Marchessault

THE PERFORMANCE OF PRECIPITATED CALCIUM CARBONATEFILLERS IN FINE QUALITY PRINTING AND WRITING PAPERS 325

Robert A. Gill

NOVEL CATIONIC PIGMENTARY MATERIALS AND THEIR USE 343R.V. Lauzon

PART VI: LATE ABSTRACT ACCEPTED

APPLICATION OF SURFACE SCIENCE TECHNIQUES TO THEUNDERSTANDING OF THE COLLOIDAL PROPERTIES OFPAPERMAKING MATERIALS 357

Nigel D. Sanders, John H. Schaefer, Ali R. Bashey,and Eric B. McElroy

AUTHOR INDEX 359

SUBJECT INDEX 361

MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS 365

vii











Preface

The first endeavor of its kind by MRS to incorporate pulp,paper and wood as topics of a Materials Research Symposiumculminated in Symposium U: Materials Interactions Relevant tothe Pulp, Paper and Wood Industries. The symposium demonstratedthat wood and paper, although often overlooked as materials bythe materials research community, provide a vibrant field formaterials research. Of special interest to materials research-ers is the interaction between pulp, paper and wood with othermaterials. This general topic was divided into categories thatconstituted the themes for the five sessions of the symposium:1) wood/polymer composites, 2) fiber/fiber interactions, 3)fiber/water interactions, 4) papermaking and coating processes,and 5) surface interactions: fillers and pigments. One recur-rent problem discussed throughout the symposium was the need todiscover new ways to promote intimate and effective interactionsbetween the highly polar surfaces of wood, paper and celluloseand materials whose surfaces might tend to be non-polar innature.

The presentations at the symposium were almost equallydivided into contributions from government laboratories,industrial laboratories, and universities. Countries represent-ed by speakers were the United States, Canada, Sweden andFinland. Evidence of the timely nature of the symposium wasits co-sponsorship by TAPPI, the Technical Association of thePulp and Paper Industries, and by the financial support ofindustry (Pfizer Inc. and International Paper), DOE Office ofIndustrial Programs and the NSF.

Daniel F. CaulfieldJune D. PassarettiStanley F. Sobczynski

August 9, 1990











Acknowledgments

The editors would like to thank Don Gillmore of TAPPI, AlanPlace of NSF, and Alan J. Streb, Deputy Asst. Seer, for In-dustrial Technologies DOE, for their assistance in obtainingsupport for the symposium. We would also like to extend aspecial thanks to Joseph Marton and Robert W. Hagemeyer forserving as session chairs and to the many authors for theircontributions.






MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS

Recent Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings

Volume 157—Beam-Solid Interactions: Physical Phenomena, J.A. Knapp, P. Borgesen,R.A. Zuhr, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-045-3

Volume 158—In-Situ Patterning: Selective Area Deposition and Etching, R. Rosenberg,A.F. Bernhardt, J.G. Black, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-046-1

Volume 159—Atomic Scale Structure of Interfaces, R.D. Bringans, R.M. Feenstra,J.M. Gibson, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-047-X

Volume 160—Layered Structures: Heteroepitaxy, Superlattices, Strain, andMetastability, B.W. Dodson, LJ. Schowalter, J.E. Cunningham,F.H. Pollak, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-048-8

Volume 161—Properties of II-VI Semiconductors: Bulk Crystals, Epitaxial Films,Quantum Well Structures and Dilute Magnetic Systems, J.F. Schetzina,F.J. Bartoli, Jr., H.F. Schaake, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-049-6

Volume 162—Diamond, Boron Nitride, Silicon Carbide and Related Wide BandgapSemiconductors, J.T. Glass, R.F. Messier, N. Fujimori, 1989,ISBN 1-55899-050-X

Volume 163—Impurities, Defects and Diffusion in Semiconductors: Bulk and LayeredStructures, J. Bernholc, E.E. Haller, DJ. Wolford, 1989,ISBN 1-55899-051-8

Volume 164—Materials Issues in Microcrystalline Semiconductors,P.M. Fauchet, C.C. Tsai, K. Tanaka, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-052-6

Volume 165—Characterization of Plasma-Enhanced CVD Processes, G. Lucovsky,D.E. Ibbotson, D.W. Hess, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-053-4

Volume 166—Neutron Scattering for Materials Science, S.M. Shapiro, S.C. Moss,J.D. Jorgensen, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-054-2

Volume 167—Advanced Electronic Packaging Materials, A. Barfknecht, J. Partridge,C-Y. Li, C.J. Chen, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-055-0

Volume 168—Chemical Vapor Deposition of Refractory Metals and Ceramics,T.M. Besmann, B.M. Gallois, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-056-9

Volume 169—High Temperature Superconductors: Fundamental Properties and NovelMaterials Processing, J. Narayan, C.W. Chu, L.F. Schneemeyer,D.K. Christen, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-057-7

Volume 170—Tailored Interfaces in Composite Materials, C.G. Pantano, E.J.H. Chen,1989, ISBN 1-55899-058-5

Volume 171—Polymer Based Molecular Composites, D.W. Schaefer, J.E. Mark, 1989,ISBN 1-55899-059-3

Volume 172—Optical Fiber Materials and Processing, J.W. Fleming, G.H. Sigel,S. Takahashi, P.W. France, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-060-7

Volume 173—Electrical, Optical and Magnetic Properties of Organic Solid-StateMaterials, L.Y. Chiang, D.O. Cowan, P. Chaikin, 1989,ISBN 1-55899-061-5

Volume 174—Materials Synthesis Utilizing Biological Processes, M. Alper, P.D. Calvert,P.C. Rieke, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-062-3

Volume 175—Multi-Functional Materials, D.R. Ulrich, F.E. Karasz, AJ. Buckley,G. Gallagher-Daggitt, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-063-1

Volume 176—Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XIII, V.M. Oversby,P.W. Brown, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-064-X

Volume 177—Macromolecular Liquids, C.R. Safinya, S.A. Safran, P.A. Pincus, 1989,ISBN 1-55899-065-8

Volume 178—Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization, Utilizationand Disposal VI, F.P. Glasser, R.L. Day, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-066-6






MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS

Volume 179—Specialty Cements with Advanced Properties, H. Jennings, A.G. Landers,B.E. Scheetz, I. Odler, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-067-4

Volume 180—Better Ceramics Through Chemistry IV, C.J. Brinker, D.E. Clark,D.R. Ulrich, BJJ. Zelinsky, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-069-0

Volume 181—Advanced Metallizations in Microelectronics, A. Katz, S.P. Murarka,A. Appelbaum, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-070-4

Volume 182—Polysilicon Thin Films and Interfaces, B. Raicu, T.Kamins,C.V. Thompson, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-071-2

Volume 183—High-Resolution Electron Microscopy of Defects in Materials, R. Sinclair,D.J. Smith, U. Dahmen, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-072-0

Volume 184—Degradation Mechanisms in III-V Compound Semiconductor Devices andStructures, V. Swaminathan, S.J. Pearton, O. Manasreh, 1990,ISBN: 1-55899-073-9

Volume 185—Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology II, J.R. Druzik, P.B. Vandiver,G. Wheeler, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-074-7

Volume 186—Alloy Phase Stability and Design, G.M. Stocks, D.P. Pope, A.F. Giamei,1990, ISBN: 1-55899-075-5

Volume 187—Thin Film Structures and Phase Stability, B.M. Clemens, W.L. Johnson,1990, ISBN: 1-55899-076-3

Volume 188—Thin Films: Stresses and Mechanical Properties II, W.C. Oliver,M. Doerner, G.M. Pharr, F.R. Brotzen, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-077-1

Volume 189—Microwave Processing of Materials II, W.B. Snyder, W.H. Sutton,D.L. Johnson, M.F. Iskander, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-078-X

Volume 190—Plasma Processing and Synthesis of Materials III, D. Apelian, J. Szekely,1990, ISBN: 1-55899-079-8

Volume 191—Laser Ablation for Materials Synthesis, D.C. Paine, J.C. Bravman, 1990,ISBN: 1-55899-080-1

Volume 192—Amorphous Silicon Technology, P.C. Taylor, M.J. Thompson,P.G. LeComber, Y. Hamakawa, A. Madan, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-081-X

Volume 193—Atomic Scale Calculations of Structure in Materials, M.A. Schluter,M.S. Daw, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-082-8

Volume 194—Intermetallic Matrix Composites, D.L. Anton, R. McMeeking, D. Miracle,P. Martin, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-083-6

Volume 195—Physical Phenomena in Granular Materials, T.H. Geballe, P. Sheng,G.D. Cody, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-084-4

Volume 196—Superplasticity in Metals, Ceramics, and Intermetailics, M.J. Mayo,J. Wadsworth, M. Kobayashi, A.K. Mukherjee, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-085-2

Volume 197—Materials Interactions Relevant to the Pulp, Paper, and Wood Industries,J.D. Passaretti, D. Caulfield, R. Roy, V. Setterholm, 1990,ISBN: 1-55899-086-0

Volume 198—Epitaxial Heterostructures, D.W. Shaw, J.C. Bean, V.G. Keramidas,P.S. Peercy, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-087-9

Volume 199—Workshop on Specimen Preparation for Transmission ElectronMicroscopy of Materials II, R. Anderson, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-088-7

Volume 200—Ferroelectric Thin Films, A.I. Kingon, E.R. Myers, 1990,ISBN: 1-55899-089-5

Earlier Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings listed in the back.






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