Materials Day ‘10

Materials for Sensors

October 13, 2010

Materials Day ‘10

Materials Day 2010

Dates for future Materials Day Events:Tuesday, October 18, 2011Wednesday, October 17, 2012

Materials Resources:

Materials Processing Center provides an environment where students and professionals from industry, government, and academia collaborate to identify and address pivotal multidisciplinary issues in materials processing and manufacturing at MIT. http://mpc-web.mit.edu Microphotonics Center @ MIT builds interdisciplinary teams, focused on collaborative research for the advancement of basic science and emerging technology pertaining to integrated photonic systems. http://mphotonics.mit.edu The Communications Technology Roadmap (CTR) is a project under the Microphotonics Industry Consortium, which in turn is part of the MIT Microphotonics Center. The purpose of this Roadmap is to understand the interaction between technology, industry, and policy dynamics and from there, formu-late a vision for the future of the microphotonics industry. http://mph-roadmap.mit.edu/

The SolidState Solar-Thermal Energy Conversion Center (S3TEC) objective is to create novel solid-state materials for the conversion of sunlight and heat into electricity. http://s3tec.mit.edu

Materials@MIT is a portal website to all materials activities at MIT. http://materials.mit.edu Center for Materials Science & Engineering is devoted to the design, creation, and fundamental under-standing of materials that are capable of enhancing the human experience. http://mit.edu/cmse Department of Materials Science & Engineering is known as the world-wide leader in its field, pioneer-ing advances in engineering sciences and technologies . http://dmse.mit.edu


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Massachusetts InstItute of technology

MATERIALS PROCESSING CENTER

Materials Processing CenterMassachusetts Institute of Technology

77 Massachusetts AvenueRoom 12-007

Cambridge, MA 02139http://mpc-web.mit.edu/

email: [email protected]

Materials Day at MIT


October 13, 2010

Materials for Sensors will be the focus of this year’s Symposium and Poster Session. Increased understanding of the structure and behavior of materials at the nanoscale is advancing our ability to utilize these materials in novel designs such as biomedical and environmental applications. Materials Day activities will explore a number of these themes with presentations by MIT faculty and industry associates.A student poster session will follow featuring 50 to 100 posters with up-to-the minute research results from the broad materials research communities in MIT’s Schools of Engineering and Science.

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Materials Day 2010

Materials Day Agenda

8:00 am Registration (Kresge Auditorium)

8:45 am Welcome Professor Carl V. Thompson Director, Materials Processing Center Materials Science & Engineering, MIT

Session I:

9:15 am Sensors and Analytics for the Biopharmaceutical Industry Professor Rajeev J. Ram Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, MIT Director, Center for Integrated Photonic Systems Associate Director, Research Laboratory of Electronics

9:55 am Break

10:20 am Micro and Nano-scale Sensors for Oil Reservoir Characterization Dr. Joyce Wong Principal Research Scientist Schlumberger-Doll Research

11:00 am Carbon Nanotube Based Sensors Professor Timothy M. Swager Department of Chemistry, MIT

11:50 - 1:15 pm

Lunch Student Center, 3rd floor, Twenty Chimneys /Mezzanine Lounge (Bldg. W20)

Session 2: 1:20 pm Dancing on the Head of a Pin: The Coming Revolution in Nanosensors

for Single Molecule Biodetection Professor Michael S. Strano Charles and Hilda Roddey Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT


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2:00 pm Universal Platform for Decentralized, Rapid Clinical Diagnostics in Unprocessed Samples Dr. Tom Lowery Vice President, Diagnostic Research and Development T2 Biosystems

2:40 pm Materials for Medical Diagnostic Sensors Professor Michael Cima Materials Science & Engineering, MIT Director, Lemelson-MIT Programs

3:20 pm Wrap-up and Discussion with Attendees

Materials Research Review Poster Session

3:30 - 6:00 pm

Poster Session and Social La Sala De Puerto Rico, 2nd Floor Stratton Student Center (Bldg. W20)

5:45 pm Poster Awards

6:00 pm Adjourn

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Professor Carl V. ThompsonDirector, Materials Processing Center Stavros Salapatas Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, MIT

Materials Day 2010

Biography

Professor Thompson received his SB in Materials Science and Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1976. He received his SM and PhD degrees in Applied Physics from Harvard Uni-versity in 1977 and 1982 respectively. He was an IBM postdoctoral fellow in the Research Laboratory of Electronics at MIT in 1982 and joined the faculty of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering in 1983. He is currently the Stavros Salapatas Professor of Materials Science & Engineering. Professor Thompson spent the 1990-91 academic year at the University of Cambridge Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, where he was awarded a United Kingdom Science and Engineering Research Council Visiting Fellowship. He spent the 1997-98 academic year at the Max-Plank Institute fur Metallforschung in Stuttgart, Germany as a result of having received an award for Senior U.S. Scientist from the Alexander Von Humboldt Foundation. He was the President of the Materials Research Society in 1996. At MIT, Prof. Thompson currently Co-Chairs the Singapore-MIT Alliance program in Advanced Materials for Micro and Nano-Systems and is the Co-Director of the Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory-MIT Program. He became the Director of the Materials Processing Center in 2008.

Professor Rajeev J. RamDepartment of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, MITDirector, Center for Integrated Photonic SystemsAssociate Director, Research Laboratory of Electronics

Biography

Rajeev Ram has worked in the areas of semiconductor devices, microscopic heat transfer, and bioprocess development for much of his career. In the early 1990’s, he developed the III-V wafer bonding technology that led to the fist telecom wavelength surface-emitting laser and record brightness light emitting devices at Hewlett-Packard Laboratory in Palo Alto.

Since 1997, Ram has been on the Electrical Engineering faculty at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and a member and now Associate Director of the Research Laboratory of Electronics. While at MIT, he founded two compa-nies in the areas of bioprocess development for biofuels and advanced thermal imaging. He has served on the Defense Sciences Research Council advising DARPA on new areas for investment. His group’s work on small-scale solar thermo-electric generation is being deployed for rural electrification in the developing world as SolSource and was recognized with the St. Andrews Prize for Energy and the Environment in 2009.

Ram holds degrees in Applied Physics from California Institute of Technology and Electrical Engineering from the Uni-versity of California, Santa Barbara.

Sensors and Analytics for the Biopharmaceutical Industry

Abstract Biologics are the fastest growing sector of the pharmaceutical industry with significant growth projected for the next 10 years. Inefficient pharmaceutical manufacturing processes however, have created an unnecessary burden on the U.S. healthcare system. A recent study estimates that the pharmaceutical industry could be wasting more than $50 billion a year in manufacturing costs. The FDA has encouraged the Biopharmaceutical industry to adopt quality-by-design (QbD) manufacturing principles and Process Analytical Technologies (PAT) through its PAT Initiative. The FDA defines PAT as: “a system for designing, analyzing, and controlling manufacturing through timely measurements (i.e., during processing) of critical quality and performance attributes of raw and in-process materials and processes with the goal of ensuring final product quality.”

The development of platforms for conducting controlled, high-throughput, multiplexed experiments—a central focus of this proposal—will have a direct impact on cell line development, process optimization, and process validation. The importance of high quality data and improved understanding of bioprocesses will increase as regulatory requirements evolve for this maturing industry and such knowledge should deepen insights into how the biology of production hosts and process variation affects the quality of protein therapeutics. This talk will review the sensor needs and recent technology advances that allow for real-time in situ measurement of environmental parameters, cell concentration and viability, and medium components.


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Materials Day 2010

Dr. Joyce WongPrincipal Research ScientistSchlumberger-Doll Research

Micro and Nano-scale Sensors for Oil Reservoir CharacterizationAbstract

Today, reservoir characterization is mostly performed using a suite of tools deployed in the wellbore for measurements of formation resistivity, density, pressure, tempera-ture, fluid type and other properties. On-going efforts to miniaturize and manufacture robust and low-cost sensors are motivated by potential advances towards real-time

reservoir measurements as well as multi-functional distributed micro/nano-scale sensor arrays for permanent monitor-ing applications. Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) manufacturing techniques from the semiconductor indus-try are often applied, although many of the thin film materials used are not inherently designed to withstand harsh oilfield conditions. This often leads to the need to protect fragile sensing elements from direct contact with corrosive fluids, or preferably, to use sensor materials which are both mechanically robust and chemically inert.

In this talk, some of the challenges in reservoir characterization will be outlined, which include measuring reservoir properties beyond the wellbore, determining 3-D distribution of reservoir fluids and rocks, and the dynamic paths of reservoir fluids. For wellbore measurements, an example of a silicon-based MEMS sensor that we have previously de-veloped for downhole pressure and temperature measurements will be described. For fluid studies in confined geom-etries, examples of our collaborative efforts in developing micro/nano-scale probes will be discussed, which include a carbon-nanotube based probe to study ionic and fluidic transport [1], as well as integrated Fresnel zone plates to char-acterize fluid behavior within a microfluidic channel [2].

[1] B. Bourlon, J. Wong, C. Miko, L. Forro, M. Bockrath, “A nanoscale probe for fluidic and ionic transport,” Nature Nano-tech., 2, 104-107 (2007).

[2] E. Schonbrun, J. Wong, K. B. Crozier, “Co- and cross-flow extensions in an elliptical optical trap,” Phys. Rev. E, 79, 042401 (2009).

Biography

Joyce Wong is a Principal Research Scientist in the Sensor Physics Department at Schlumberger’s research center in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She is also a Visiting Associate at the California Institute of Technology, where she received her B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering. Since joining Schlumberger in 2000, her research interest involves ap-plying various micro- and nano-technologies for sensing applications in downhole environments. In collaboration with colleagues at the research and technology centers as well as several university research groups, Joyce has worked on topics including microelectromechanical sensors for harsh environments, microfluidic lab-on-a-chip, carbon nanotube based probes, and silicon nanophotonic devices for a variety of sensing applications. Within the technical communi-ties of Schlumberger, Joyce is also currently a co-leader of the Micro-Nano-Technologies special interest group which facilitates knowledge sharing among its members through workshops and seminars on emerging topics related to micro- and nano-technologies.


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Abstract Organic electronic materials display a diversity of function and performance un-matched by conventional electronic materials. Optimal implementation requires so-phisticated molecular designs and complex syntheses, which are often lacking in sen-sory materials. I will discuss our efforts to create new generations of materials based upon carbon nanotubes. Chemical functionalizations have been developed to create materials that exhibit specific resistive changes to target analytes. The advantages of chemiresistive sensors include the following: (1) Small changes in resistance can be measured with high precision and inexpensive electronics. (2) Resistivity sensors have very low power requirements. (3) Resistive materials are readily integrated into many differ-ent structures, ranging from integrated circuits to fabrics. (4) The simplicity of a resistive measurement is ideal for the formation of cross-reactive array (e-nose or e-tongue) devices.

Restricted geometries created by nanostructures will be used to impart superior sensitivity to chemical sensors. The obvious advantage in these types of systems is increased interfacial area to interact with the analytes, however for chemiresistors these systems can realize much larger gains. Conducting polymer-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites can create sensory devices with finite numbers of conduction pathways. For single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs), analyte in-duced resistance changes occur along the length of the nanotube as well as at the junctions. An impressive illustration of the selectivity possible involves wrapping SWCNTs with a conducting polymer containing calix[4]arene receptors. SWCNTs are naturally p-doped generally responsive to chemicals with oxidizing/reducing/polar characteristics and these factors can yield selective responses. However, we have succeeded in generating selective CNT sensors with dif-ferential responses to non-polar o-, m-, and p-xyelene. In addition to chemical sensors, we will present recent results on the use of carbon nanotube materials for the detection of ionizing radiation and DNA.

Professor Timothy M. SwagerDepartment of Chemistry, MIT

Biography

Timothy M. Swager is the John D. MacArthur Professor of Chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. A native of Montana, he received a BS from Montana State University in 1983 and a Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology in 1988 under the direction of Robert H. Grubbs. After a postdoctoral appointment at MIT in the laboratory of Mark S. Wrighton, he was on the chemistry faculty at the University of Pennsylvania as an Assistant Professor 1990-1996 and as a Professor 1996. He moved to MIT in July of 1996 as a Professor of Chemistry. He has published over 275 peer reviewed papers, 70 proceedings, and 5 book chapters and serves on multiple editorial and scientific advisory boards. Professor Swager’s research interests are in design, synthesis, and study of organic-based electronic, sensory, and liquid crystalline materials.

Since starting his independent academic career Swager has received a number of awards and honors including: Mem-ber of the National Academy of Sciences 2008, Honorary Doctorate of Science from Montana State University 2008, Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 2006, Christopher Columbus Foundation Homeland Security Award 2005, The Carl S. Marvel Creative Polymer Chemistry Award (ACS-Polymer Div) 2005, Clare Hall Visiting Fellow (U. Cambridge, England) 2005, Vladimir Karapetoff Award (MIT) 2000, Cope Scholar Award (ACS) 2000, Union Carbide Inno-vation Recognition Award 1997-8, Philadelphia Section Award (ACS) 1996, Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar 1995-1997, Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow 1994-1996, DuPont Young Faculty Award 1993-1996, NSF-Young Investigator 1992-1997, Office of Naval Research Young Investigator 1992-1995.

Carbon Nanotube Based Sensors

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Materials Day 2010

Professor Michael S. StranoCharles and Hilda Roddey Associate Professor of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical Engineering, MIT

Dancing on the Head of a Pin: The Coming Revolution in Nanosensors for Single Molecule Biodetection

Abstract

Nanotechnology is having a transformative impact on sensor technology, particu-larly with the emergence of transducers and detectors capable of sensing the ad-

sorption and desorption of single molecules. Such sensor platforms yield unprecedented molecular discrimination and analysis of complex mixtures, and are spawning a new generation of biological and single cell assays. Such sto-chastic sensors require new thinking in how to multiplex and handle the data streams that emerge from nanosensor arrays to extract useful information in space and time. This presentation will review the scientific and technological developments that provide the foundation for this emerging area. For example fuorescent single walled carbon nano-tubes can be used to selectively detect single molecules of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species such as H2O2 and NO, even from the efflux of single biological cells. An emerging concept in cell signaling is the natural role of reac-tive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as beneficial messengers in redox signalling pathways. In spite of the growing evidence, the nature of H2O2 signalling is confounded by difficulties in tracking it in living systems, both spatially and temporally, at low concentrations. An array of fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes can selectively record, in real time, the discrete, stochastic quenching events that occur as H2O2 molecules are emitted from individual human epidermal carcinoma cells stimulated by epidermal growth factor. Mathematically such arrays can distinguish between molecules originating locally on the cell membrane from other contributions. The platform promises a new approach to understanding the signalling of reactive oxygen species at the cellular level.

Biography

Professor Michael S. Strano received his B.S from Polytechnic University in Brooklyn, NY and Ph.D. from the University of Delaware both in Chemical Engineering. He was a post doctoral research fellow from 2001 to 2003 at Rice University in the departments of Chemistry and Physics under the guidance of Nobel Laureate Richard E. Smalley.

Michael Strano’s research is in the area of nano-materials and nanoparticle surface chemistry. His interest is how mol-ecules adsorb and chemically react with low dimensional materials where geometric constraints or patterning provide quantum confinement of electrons. Dr. Strano has also pioneered chemistries that optically modulate carbon nano-tubes, creating new sensors for a variety of important biomedical and life-sciences problems. He invented the first near infrared fluorescent glucose sensor capable of tissue implantation and remote data collection based upon a unique enzyme-nanotube complex. Dr. Strano also demonstrated the first nanotube-based sub-cellular sensor for mercury ions using DNA-wrapped single walled carbon nanotube complexes and described how the alteration in DNA second-ary structure modulates fluorescent emission from the nanotube.

Michael Strano is the recipient of numerous awards for his work, including a 2005 Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers, a 2006 Beckman Young Investigator Award, the 2006 Coblentz Award for Molecular Spec-troscopy, the Unilever Award from the American Chemical Society in 2007 for excellence in colloidal science, the 2008 Young Investigator Award from the Materials Research Society, the 2008 Allen P. Colburn award from the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, and a 2009 Brilliant 10, award from Popular Science Magazine.

Dr. Tom LoweryVice President, Diagnostic Research and DevelopmentT2 Biosystems

Biography

Dr. Lowery was the first person to join T2 Biosystems working closely with the founders of the company including Lee Josephson, Ralph Weissleder, Michael Cima, and Bob Langer, in the early stages of the company to move the science and technology from the academic lab into a commercial setting. Dr. Lowery has applied his extensive experience in cutting edge biochemical and biophysical methods development and has played the lead role in establishing T2’s tech-nical capabilities and in driving the company’s product strategy and development. At T2, he has successfully led internal research and development efforts to significantly advance the robustness of T2’s nanoparticle-based diagnostic tech-nology through innovative and proprietary solutions. Dr. Lowery has authored the first comprehensive book chapter on T2’s technology, entitled “Nanomaterials-based Magnetic Relaxation Switch Biosensors”, as well as a recent review entitled “Applications of Magnetics in Point of Care Testing” of magnetics technology.

Prior to joining T2, Dr. Lowery’s efforts were focused on developing breakthrough magnetic resonance based biosen-sors for molecular imaging. He attained a Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of California Berkeley where he was funded by the UC Graduate Research and Education in Adaptive Biotechnology program. He graduated Summa Cum Laude with a BS in Biochemistry and University Honors from Brigham Young University. Dr. Lowery has a record of highly productive research that includes authoring six articles as an undergraduate and fifteen as a graduate student. His sci-entific achievements include multiple patent applications, and publishing in top peer-reviewed journals, including a featured research article in Science, and articles in journals like The Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences USA, and Journal of the American Chemical Society.


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Abstract

T2Biosystems’s proprietary system combines magnetic resonance and nanotechnol-ogy in a device that for the first time enables nucleic acid, immunoassay, blood culture and coagulation testing on a single desktop instrument. Simple to operate, the tech-nology is an ideal solution for use by unskilled users. T2Bio has productized the com-pany’s proprietary detector and created robust, integrated benchtop detection units. The company has developed a portfolio of assays that prove the ability of this platform to achieve central lab quality results across a wide range of analytes including sensitivities of ≤10 CFU/mL for pathogen detection directly in whole blood and femtomolar immu-noassay sensitivity with CV’s as low as 5%.

The key advantage of the technology is that the T2 detection system does not require sample purification; thus, the skills, time-to-result, and cost associated with the analysis are greatly reduced. T2Bio’s proprietary integrated instru-ment will fully automate all assay processing steps after sample loading on a disposable cartridge. Further, the system is versatile enough to accommodate sample volumes from 1 uL to 4 mL or greater, and can detect in native biologi-cal fluids including blood, urine, and sputum. The platform has been used for detection of nucleic acids, metabolites, proteins, or small molecules within a single sample on the same instrument. Additionally, the technology is scalable to hand portable instruments and implantable, continuous monitoring applications. We are currently developing a panel of whole-blood based immuno and nucleic acid tests for monitoring immunocompromised patients that provide rapid reference-lab-quality results with no sample preparation.

Universal Platform for Decentralized, Rapid Clinical Diagnostics in Unprocessed Samples

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Materials Day 2010

Professor Michael Cima Director, Lemelson-MIT Program Materials Science and Engineering, MIT

Materials for Medical Diagnostic Sensors

Biography

Dr. Michael J. Cima is a Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at MIT and has an appointment at the Koch Insti-tute for Integrative Cancer Research. He earned a B.S. in chemistry in 1982 and a Ph.D. in chemical engineering in 1986, both from the University of California at Berkeley. Prof. Cima joined the MIT faculty in 1986. He was elected a Fellow of the American Ceramics Society in 1997. He now holds the Sumitomo Electric Industries Chair at MIT. He was appointed faculty director of the Lemelson-MIT Program in 2009 which is a program to inspire youth to be inventive and has a na-tionwide reach. Prof. Cima is author or co-author of over two hundred peer reviewed scientific publications, thirty seven US patents, and is a recognized expert in the field of materials processing. Prof. Cima is actively involved in materials and engineered systems for improvement in human health such as treatments for cancer, metabolic diseases, trauma, and urological disorders. Prof. Cima’s research concerns advanced forming technology such as for complex macro and micro devices, colloid science, MEMS and other micro components for medical devices that are used for drug delivery and di-agnostics, high-throughput development methods for formulations of materials and pharmaceutical formulations. He is a coinventor of MIT’s three dimensional printing process. His research has led to the development of chemically de-rived epitaxial oxide films for HTSC coated conductors. He and collaborators are developing implantable MEMS devices for unprecedented control in the delivery of pharmaceuticals and implantable diagnostic systems.

Abstract

Medical technologies are evolving at a very rapid pace. Portable communications devices and other handheld electronics are influencing our expectations of future medical tools. The advanced medical technologies of our future will not necessarily be large expensive systems. They are just as likely to be small and disposable. This talk will review how Microsystems and microdevices are already impacting health care as commercial products or in clinical development. Example systems include

point of care diagnostics (POCT), patient monitoring tools, systemic drug delivery, local drug delivery, and surgical tools are described. These technologies are moving care from hospitals to outpatient settings, the physician’s office, community health centers, nursing homes, and the patient’s home. Adoption of new technologies depends greatly on compatibility with existing clinical practice. Microsystems that are rapidly adopted fulfill significant medical needs and fit seamlessly with existing procedures. My group has been focusing on studying individual medical procedures and trying to make them do things never before thought possible or dramatically reduce morbidity associated with that procedure. One example is the classic biopsy procedure. Biopsies provide required information to diagnose cancer but, because of their invasiveness, they are difficult to use for managing cancer therapy. The ability to repeatedly sample the local environment for tumor biomarker, chemotherapeutic agent, and tumor metabolite concentrations could improve early detection of metastasis and personalized therapy. I will describe an implantable diagnostic device that senses the local in vivo environment. This device, which could be left behind during biopsy, uses a semi-permeable membrane to contain nanoparticle magnetic relaxation switches. These nanoparticles are engineered to aggregate in the presence of target biomarkers, which can be monitored non-invasively through magnetic resonance (MR) relaxometry. A cell line secreting a model cancer biomarker produced ectopic tumors in mice. The transverse relaxation time (T2) of devices in tumor-bearing mice was 26 ± 8 % lower than devices in control mice after one day by magnetic resonance imaging (p < 0.001). Short term applications for this device are numerous, including verification of successful tumor resection. I will describe this systems use for other molecular biomarkers and tumor metabolites.


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Materials Processing Cen- ter Massachusetts Institute of Technology

77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 12-007 Cambridge, MA 02139

http://mpc-web.mit.edu/ e-mail: [email protected]

Materials Day ‘10

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