Jan 06, 2016
Materials and Process
Materials
Material properties
Materials
The best Material properties
ASTM (American society for testing and materials)
Materials properties
The Tensile test
l0 Gage lenghts d0
(Stress) (Strain)
Materials properties
Low carbon steel Mild steel
Materials properties
pl proportional
limit
Hookes law 1
E
Materials properties
Slope pl Youngs modulus modulus of elasticity
Materials properties
el Elastic limit Plastic deformation
pl el
Materials properties
Yield strength y elastic limit
Materials properties
Low carbon steel Mild steel Yield point (2-2a)
Aluminum Medium High carbon steel (2-2b)
Materials properties
Ultimate tensile strength u (Sut)
Necking
Materials properties
Normalized Materials density
Specific stiffness Youngs modulus materials Density
Specific strength Strength Materials Density
Materials properties
Ductility and brittleness
(Ductility)
(Brittleness) % Elongation 5%
Yields point
0.2% Yields point
Materials properties
Materials properties
The compressive test
compressive test
Strength Even material
Materials properties
The compressive test
(2-6b)
Strength Uneven material
Materials properties
The Bending test
Bending Bending Uniform
Materials properties
The Torsion test
Materials properties
The Torsion test
Modulus of rigidity
0l
Gr
12
EG
Materials properties
The Torsion test
Ultimate shear strength Sus
J
TrSus
yys
utus
utus
SS
SS
SS
577.0
755.0 : material ductileOther
80.0 : Steel
Materials properties
Homogeneity and Isotropy
Homogeneous (Uniform)
Isotropic Anisotropic Orthotropic
fiberglass
Materials properties
Hardness 3 Scale Brinell test Vickers test Rock well test
Brinell Ultimate tensile strength low medium alloy steel
MPaHBHBS
psiHBHBS
ut
ut
:2.045.3
:30500
Materials properties
Carbon steel Low carbon steel
0.03 - 0.3% Medium carbon steel
0.35 - 0.55 % High carbon steel 0.6 - 1.5 %
Cast iron 2 - 4.5%
Materials properties
Heat treatment Medium High carbon steel Quenching
: Martensite Tempering Quenching
Martensite Ferrite Cementite Annealing Quenching
Normalizing Annealing
Materials properties
Surface hardening Low carbon steel Carburizing Carbon
monoxide Carbon Nitriding Nitrogen
Iron nitrides Cyaniding
Cyanide Carbide Nitride
Materials properties
Surface hardening Medium High carbon steel Flame hardening
Oxyacetylene Induction hardening
Materials properties
Heat treatment Age hardening Aluminum
alloy
Medium carbon steel Aluminum 1/3
Materials properties
(Mechanical forming and hardening)
Cold working (Rolled)
Materials properties
(Mechanical forming and hardening)
Hot working Recrystallization
Forging
Materials properties
(Mechanical forming and hardening)
Extrusion Aluminum Dies Taper Orifice
Materials properties
(Cast iron) White cast iron Gray cast iron Graphite
ASTM Class 7 Class 20 25 30 35 40 50 60
Malleable cast iron Gray cast iron
Nodular cast iron Graphite
Materials properties
(Cast steel) (wrought steel)
Steel numbering system
Aluminum numbering system
Materials Selection
Selecting materials
A.F. Ashby 6 Metals, Ceramics, Polymers,
Elastomers, Glasses, Composites
Specific stiffness Youngs modulus materials Density
Specific strength Strength Materials Density
Materials properties
Materials properties