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Material Handling - An Overview
Presented By:
Anupam Kumar
Reader
SMS Varanasi
Email: [email protected]
1© Copyright 2013 Anupam Kumar
Objectives of Material Handling
• Reduce Unit Material
Handling Cost
– Eliminate Unnecessary
Handling
–Handle Material in Batch
Lots
–Minimize Required
Handling Time
– Replace Handling
Equipment as
Appropriate
• Reduce Production
Time
–Minimize Delays of
Machine Operations
–Maintain Uniform,
Appropriate Movement
of Material
–Use Automatic
Processing When
Appropriate
– Coordinate All Material
Handling2© Copyright 2013 Anupam Kumar
Objectives of Material Handling
• Reduce Overhead
–Minimize Non-Productive Labor
–Prevent Damage to Materials
• Conserve Floor Space
– Avoid Excessive Stock Storage
–Move Materials in a Position to Save Space
– Use Equipment Requiring No Floor Space
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Objectives of Material Handling
• Prevent Accidents
– Reduce Physical Load Required
– Insure Handling Equipment is Safe
• Improve Employee Morale
– Provide Proper Relationship Between Employee &
Work
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Principles of Material Handling
There are 10 principles of material handling:
• Planning Principle
• Standardization
Principle
• Work Principle
• Ergonomic Principle
• Unit Load Principle
• Space Utilization
Principle
• System Principle
• Automation Principle
• Environmental Principle
• Life Cycle Cost Principle
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Principles of Material Handling
Planning Principle
• A material handing plan
defines
– the material (what) and
– the moves (when and where);
together they define
– the method (how and who).
Standardization Principle
• Material handling methods,
equipment, controls and
software should be
standardized
• within the limits of
achieving overall
performance objectives and
• without sacrificing needed
flexibility , modularity and
throughput.
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Principles of Material Handling
Work Principle
• Material handling work
should be minimized
– without sacrificing
productivity or
– the level of service required
of the operation.
Ergonomic Principle
• Human capabilities and
limitations must be
recognized and respected in
the design of material
handling tasks and
equipment to ensure safe
and effective operations.
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Principles of Material Handling
Unit Load Principle
• A unit load is one that can be stored or moved as a single entity at one time, such as a pallet, container or tote, regardless of the number of individual items that make up the load.
• Smaller unit loads are consistent with manufacturing strategies that embrace operating objectives such as flexibility, continuous flow and just-in-time delivery.
Space Utilization Principle
• Cluttered and unorganized
spaces and blocked aisles
should be eliminated in
work areas.
• In storage areas, the
objective of maximizing
storage density must be
balanced against
accessibility and selectivity.
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Principles of Material Handling
System Principle
• A system is a collection of interacting and/or interdependent entities that form a unified whole.
• Systems integration should encompass the entire supply chain including reverse logistics.
• It should include suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and customers.
Automation Principle
• Material handling operations
should be mechanized and/or
automated where feasible
– to improve operational
efficiency,
– increase responsiveness,
– improve consistency and
– predictability, decrease
operating costs and
– to eliminate repetitive or
potentially unsafe manual
labor.
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Principles of Material Handling
Environmental Principle
• Environmental impact and
energy consumption should
be considered as criteria
when designing or selecting
alternative equipment and
material handling systems.
Life Cycle Cost Principle
• A thorough economic analysis should account for the entire life cycle of all material handling equipment and resulting systems.
• Life cycle costs include all cash flows that will occur between the time the first rupee is spent to plan or procure a new piece of equipment, or to put in place a new method, until that method and/or equipment is totally replaced.
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• These may broadly be divided into the
following types:
– Fixed Path Equipments
– Semi-Fixed Path Equipments
– Variable Path Equipments
– Accessories
Material Handling Equipments
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Fixed Path Equipments
• Conveyors
– Gravity
– Belt
– Chain
– Pneumatic
– Hydraulic
– Screw
– Vibrating
• Chutes
• Pipelines / Tubes
• Elevators
– Arm
– Reciprocating
– Bucket
• Lifts
– Service Station
– Field Table
– Loading Dock
– Railroad Car
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Conveyors
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Large Conveyors (2 axis)
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Lifts
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Chutes
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Fixed Path Material Handling
• Advantages:
–More economical if large volume of material
moved to same place
– One power supply to drive entire “belt” – more
economical
– Reduction in need for lot identification tags
– Can be used to pace the workers
• Disadvantages
– Less economical if material follows diverse paths
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Semi Fixed Path Material Handling
Types
• Cranes
– Jib
– Bridge
– Gantry
• Tracks
–Monorail
– Industrial Rail
Advantage & Disadvantages:
• Advantage
– Can cover a wider area
• Disadvantage
– Still limited to area covered
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Cranes
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Tracks - Monorail
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Wide Area (Variable Path)
• Powered
– Power Lift Truck
– Fork Lift Truck
– Multiple Trailer
– Yard Truck
– Over the road Truck
• Advantage
– Flexible
• Manual
– Truck (2 Wheel)
– Truck (4 Wheel)
– Lift Truck
– Dolly
• Disadvantage
– Must have portable
power supply with each
piece of equipment21© Copyright 2013 Anupam Kumar
Lift truck
Computer Controlled Truck
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Accessory Items
• Carriers
– Skids
– Pallets
• Containers
– Tote Boxes
– Baskets
– Pans
• Hoist Accessories
– Chains
– Clamps
– Slings
– Chime Hooks
– Spreader Bars
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Accessory Items
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For further details / comments ...
-Contact:
Anupam Kumar
Reader,
School of Management Sciences, Varanasi.
Email: [email protected]
25© Copyright 2013 Anupam Kumar
Bibliography
• Buffa, E.S. and Sarin, R.K., “Modern Production/Operations Management,” Eighth Edition. Singapore: John
Wiley & Sons (Asia). 1994.
• Martinich, J.S., “Production and Operations Management: An Applied Approach”, Singapore: John Wiley &
Sons (Asia), 2003.
• Badi, R.V. and Badi, N.V., “Production and Operations Management”, Second Edition, New Delhi: Vrinda
Publication, 2008.
• Chary, S.N., “Productions and Operations Management,” Third Edition, New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill, 2004
• Goel, B.S., “Production Operations Management”, Twenty Second Edition, Meerut, U.P.: Pragati Prakashan,
2010.
• Kachru, U. “Production and Operations Management: Text and Cases,” New Delhi: Excel Books, 2007.
• Rama Murthy, P., “Production and Operations Management,” New Delhi: New Age International, 2012.
• Chunawalla, S.A., and Patel, D.R., “Production and Operations Management,” Mumbai: Himalaya
Publishing House, 2006.
• Jauhari, V. and Dutta, K., “Services: Marketing Operations and Management,” New Delhi: Oxford University
Press, 2010.
• Verma, H.V., “Services Marketing: Text and Cases,” New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley, Pearson Education, 2009.
• For Images & Clip arts
– clker.com
– blogs.msdn.com
– mysulitizenwebblog.blogspot.com
26© Copyright 2013 Anupam Kumar