Material Flow Analysis (Mfa) Ppt

MATERIAL FLOW MATERIAL FLOW ANALYSISANALYSIS

MEMBERSMEMBERS

HALLA FranellaHALLA Franella

KASANJA DavidKASANJA David

PHARLES BenjaminPHARLES Benjamin

KATARAIHYA Dennis KATARAIHYA Dennis

MATERIAL FLOW ANALYSIS MATERIAL FLOW ANALYSIS (MFA)(MFA)

IntroductionIntroductionThe method of “Material Flow Analysis (MFA)”The method of “Material Flow Analysis (MFA)” describes the fluxes of resources used and transformed describes the fluxes of resources used and transformed as they flow through a region, through a single process as they flow through a region, through a single process or via a com bination of various processes through a de or via a com bination of various processes through a de fined space and within a certain time. fined space and within a certain time.

The scientific basis is the law of conservation of The scientific basis is the law of conservation of

matter and energy.matter and energy.

Historical development of MFAHistorical development of MFA Material flow analysis builds on earlier concepts of material and energy Material flow analysis builds on earlier concepts of material and energy balancing balancing

The first material flow accounts on the national level have been presented at The first material flow accounts on the national level have been presented at the beginning of the 1990s for Austria and Japanthe beginning of the 1990s for Austria and Japan

The Concerted Action “ConAccount” funded by the European Commission, The Concerted Action “ConAccount” funded by the European Commission, was one of these milestone in the international harmonisation of MFA was one of these milestone in the international harmonisation of MFA methodologies. methodologies.

The second important cooperation was guided by the World Resources The second important cooperation was guided by the World Resources Institute (WRI), bringing together MFA experts for 4 (5 for the second study) Institute (WRI), bringing together MFA experts for 4 (5 for the second study) countries. countries.

In their first publication material inputs of four industrial societies have been In their first publication material inputs of four industrial societies have been assessed and guidelines for resource input indicators have been defined. assessed and guidelines for resource input indicators have been defined.

The second study focused on material outflows and introduced emission The second study focused on material outflows and introduced emission indicators. indicators.

In an international working group on MFA, standardization for economy-In an international working group on MFA, standardization for economy-wide material flow accounting was for the first time achieved and published wide material flow accounting was for the first time achieved and published in a methodological guidebook by the European Statistical Office in a methodological guidebook by the European Statistical Office

Overall purpose of the toolOverall purpose of the tool 1. One of the main purposes of MFA is to 1. One of the main purposes of MFA is to develop simple and reliable develop simple and reliable

models to picture reality.models to picture reality.

2. Gaining in-depth understanding about:2. Gaining in-depth understanding about: production processes and detailed process stepsproduction processes and detailed process steps place of material input and about the consumptionplace of material input and about the consumption place of the production of waste and emission and the amount of itplace of the production of waste and emission and the amount of it weak points (inefficiencies)weak points (inefficiencies)

3. Elaboration of a basis for the definition of measures for optimization (system 3. Elaboration of a basis for the definition of measures for optimization (system options)options)

4. Create the basis for assessing improvements of the system options after 4. Create the basis for assessing improvements of the system options after implementation (comparison of new actual state with state before implementation (comparison of new actual state with state before implementation).implementation).

System and system boundariesSystem and system boundaries

A systemA system is the actual object of an MFA investigation. is the actual object of an MFA investigation.

It is defined by one or several processes, It is defined by one or several processes, the interactions (fluxes of the interactions (fluxes of goods/substances) between the processesgoods/substances) between the processes and and the system boundaries the system boundaries between these processesbetween these processes and and other processes located outside the other processes located outside the system bordersystem border (in space and time). (in space and time).

The temporal boundaryThe temporal boundary depends on the kind of system investigated and depends on the kind of system investigated and the given problem. For anthropogenic systems such as an enterprise, a city, the given problem. For anthropogenic systems such as an enterprise, a city, or a nation, periods of 1 year are chosen for reason of data availability. or a nation, periods of 1 year are chosen for reason of data availability.

The spatial boundaryThe spatial boundary is usually fixed by the geographical area in which the is usually fixed by the geographical area in which the processes are located. e.g. the waste management systemprocesses are located. e.g. the waste management system

Graphical representationGraphical representationA process is represented by a box, flows by arrows, and the system A process is represented by a box, flows by arrows, and the system boundary by a dashed line:boundary by a dashed line:

Graphical representation of an MFA system

Objects being analyzedObjects being analyzed These are different materials which are being analyzed when performing These are different materials which are being analyzed when performing MFA. MFA.

The basic model of material flow accounting and analysis (MFA)

Procedures for performing MFAProcedures for performing MFA Step: 1 Definition of problem and specific objectivesStep: 1 Definition of problem and specific objectives

Step: 2 Selection of relevant substances, system boundaries, processes, Step: 2 Selection of relevant substances, system boundaries, processes, and goodsand goods

Step: 3 Assessment of mass flows of goodsStep: 3 Assessment of mass flows of goods

Step: 4 Assessment of substance concentrations in the goodsStep: 4 Assessment of substance concentrations in the goods

Step: 5 Calculation of substance flowsStep: 5 Calculation of substance flows

Step: 6 Consideration of uncertaintiesStep: 6 Consideration of uncertainties

Step: 7 Presentation of the resultsStep: 7 Presentation of the results

Step: 8 Simulation of scenariosStep: 8 Simulation of scenarios

The different steps are described and illustrated based on a simple The different steps are described and illustrated based on a simple example: “Composting of AIT Campus Kitchen Waste”.example: “Composting of AIT Campus Kitchen Waste”.

Example on procedures for performing MFAExample on procedures for performing MFA

Step 1 Definition of problem and specific objectivesStep 1 Definition of problem and specific objectives

How much nutrients can be reused as fertilizer in agriculture when the How much nutrients can be reused as fertilizer in agriculture when the kitchen waste of AIT campus is collected and composted?kitchen waste of AIT campus is collected and composted?

Step 2 Selection of relevant substances, system boundaries, processes, Step 2 Selection of relevant substances, system boundaries, processes, and goodsand goods

The selection of The selection of substances substances depends on the project scope and objectives. depends on the project scope and objectives. The idea is to select indicator substances. In this example, The idea is to select indicator substances. In this example, nitrogennitrogen is is selected as indicator substance.selected as indicator substance.

The spatial The spatial system boundary system boundary is usually given by the scope and objectives is usually given by the scope and objectives of the project. In this example, the system boundary is set around the of the project. In this example, the system boundary is set around the composting process area.composting process area.

Processes and goodsProcesses and goods are selected according to their relevance to the are selected according to their relevance to the objectives of the project. In this example, only the process of composting is objectives of the project. In this example, only the process of composting is included in the system. included in the system. Relevant goodsRelevant goods are kitchen waste, compost, gas, are kitchen waste, compost, gas, and water. and water.

Example on procedures for performing MFA Example on procedures for performing MFA cont…cont…

System analysis “AIT campus kitchen waste composting”

Example on procedures for performing MFA cont…Example on procedures for performing MFA cont…

Step 3 Assessment of mass flows of Step 3 Assessment of mass flows of goodsgoods

In this example, the quantity of kitchen In this example, the quantity of kitchen waste produced at AIT campus is waste produced at AIT campus is given. It amounts to 600 kg/day. given. It amounts to 600 kg/day.

The mass flows of the other goods can The mass flows of the other goods can be calculated based on the amount of be calculated based on the amount of composted kitchen waste (kw):composted kitchen waste (kw):

Water = 2% x kw = 12 kg/dWater = 2% x kw = 12 kg/d

Compost = 20% x kw = 120 Compost = 20% x kw = 120 kg/dkg/d

Gas = Kitchen Waste + Water Gas = Kitchen Waste + Water – Compost = 492 kg/d– Compost = 492 kg/d

The The indicated percentagesindicated percentages are based are based on experimental on experimental valuesvalues

mass flows of goods in the system AIT campus kitchen waste composting”

Example on procedures for performing MFA Example on procedures for performing MFA cont…cont…

Step 4 Assessment of substance Step 4 Assessment of substance concentrations in the goodsconcentrations in the goods

Kitchen waste: N concentration = 0.2%Kitchen waste: N concentration = 0.2%

Compost: N concentration = 1.5%TS, Compost: N concentration = 1.5%TS, TS = 40-50%TS = 40-50%

Step 5 Calculation of substance flowsStep 5 Calculation of substance flows

Kitchen waste: 0.2% x 600 kg/d = 1.2 Kitchen waste: 0.2% x 600 kg/d = 1.2 kgN/dkgN/d

Compost: 1.5% x 45% x 120 kg/d = 0.8 Compost: 1.5% x 45% x 120 kg/d = 0.8 kg N/dkg N/d

Gas: Kitchen waste – compost = 0.4 Gas: Kitchen waste – compost = 0.4 kgN/dkgN/d

Step 7 Presentation of the resultsStep 7 Presentation of the results

The relevant results of the study have to The relevant results of the study have to be condensed into a clear message that be condensed into a clear message that can be presented in an easily can be presented in an easily comprehensible way comprehensible way

Mass flow of nitrogen in the system „AIT campus kitchen waste composting”

Perspectives for usePerspectives for use

••Development of environmental policy for hazardous substances Development of environmental policy for hazardous substances

••Evaluation of product environmental impactEvaluation of product environmental impact

••Providing firm environmental performance data Providing firm environmental performance data

••Derivation of sustainability indicatorsDerivation of sustainability indicators

••Development of material flow accounts for use in official statistics Development of material flow accounts for use in official statistics

Where and how frequently it is appliedWhere and how frequently it is applied

Environmental Management Environmental Management and Engineering and Engineering Environmental impact Environmental impact statements statements Remediation of hazardous Remediation of hazardous waste sites waste sites Design of air pollution control Design of air pollution control strategies strategies Nutrient management in Nutrient management in watersheds watersheds Planning of soil-monitoring Planning of soil-monitoring systemssystemsSewage sludge management Sewage sludge management

Resource ManagementResource ManagementAnalysis, Analysis, planning and allocation,planning and allocation,exploitation, and exploitation, and upgrading of resources upgrading of resources

Waste management Waste management Modeling elemental Modeling elemental compositions of wastes compositions of wastes Evaluating material Evaluating material management performance in management performance in recycling/treatment facilities recycling/treatment facilities

Where and how frequently it is applied Where and how frequently it is applied cont…cont…

Industrial Ecology Industrial Ecology IE design principles related to IE design principles related to

MFA:MFA:Controlling pathways for Controlling pathways for materials use and industrial materials use and industrial processes processes Creating loop-closing industrial Creating loop-closing industrial practices practices Dematerializing industrial Dematerializing industrial output output Systematizing patterns of Systematizing patterns of energy use energy use Balancing industrial input and Balancing industrial input and output to natural ecosystem output to natural ecosystem capacity capacity

Human MetabolismHuman Metabolism Metabolism of the Metabolism of the anthroposhpere anthroposhpere

Key processes and goodsKey processes and goodsInputsInputs: water, food, building : water, food, building and transport materials and transport materials OutputsOutputs: sewage, off-gas, : sewage, off-gas, solid waste solid waste

Strengths and weaknesses of the Material Flow Strengths and weaknesses of the Material Flow AnalysisAnalysis

Strengths:Strengths:gives a total picture thus a systems perspectivegives a total picture thus a systems perspective

– – prevents problem shiftingprevents problem shifting – – connects different policy areas with each other (e.g. waste & connects different policy areas with each other (e.g. waste &

emissions)emissions)mass is a simple understandable indicatormass is a simple understandable indicatorhidden flowshidden flowssolid database for further studiessolid database for further studiesrelatively easyrelatively easy

Weaknesses:Weaknesses:no distinction between different materials: gravel and dioxins are added up no distinction between different materials: gravel and dioxins are added up on a mass baseon a mass baselink with environmental problems is thus weak/indirectlink with environmental problems is thus weak/indirecthidden flowshidden flows