Material Balance Methodology

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MATERIAL BALANCEMETHODOLOGY

Julia BrownManager, Process Development


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Introduction:

In an enterprise, the waste andemission problems, appear from theproduction points where the

materials are used, processed andtreated. To give a solution to yourenvironmental problems, the sourceshas to be identified, as well as thevolume and the causes of the wasteand emissions......


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..... The substances with which you are working with, have to be

known, to estimate its real valuein the process and to estimatepossible developments during

the evaluation.

Introduction


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Materials Balance analysis (MB) is asystematic reconstruction of the way

in which a chemical element, acompound or material passes through

a natural cycle and/or its economicalbenefits. An analysis of the materialflow, usually is based on the origin of aphysical balance.

German investigation Committe, 1993

Definition


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Describes or illustrates any materialflow present in the enterprise.

Trace the waste at the point at whichit is generated.

Print data so that decisions may betaken. Identify the production process

weaknesses. Give a detailed reasonable and

quantified priorization of the resultsto obtain wastes and emissionsminimization.

Objectives of BM


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Identify the materials used by theenterprise.

Identify the sources, the volumesand causes of the wastes and

emissions. Create a base for the evaluation andprediction of future developments.

Define strategies to improve thegeneral situation of the enterprise.

Results


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Analysis points have to be definedand the parameters that are to beevaluated.The overview or overall effect ofthe balance has to be defined.The time period considered by thebalance has to be defined.The process consequences aredefined.The flow diagram is designed.The MBs are to be generated.Results should be interpreted.

How a MB is done?


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First step is to develop an analysis of input and

output of the enterprise. Detailed analysis in relation to the moreextensive flows and ecological problems.

Definition of each flows importance

1. Points of Analysis and

Technical Advice


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Actual

Reactive

Advice

Internal rulesKnowledge of thesource

SegregationReliable points Variation with thetime

strategy

1.1 Conditions of Technical Advice


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2. MB Overview

The productive process is divided intosequencial steps according to thepriority of the analysis and the studyof the flows previously done.


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3. Definition of the period of time

The representative period of time has to bechoosen depending of the type and size of theenterprise.


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4. Definition of process sequence

Detailed study of the material flow. Processes are divided according to a

representative structure.

What are considered processes?activities, equipments, products orutility aspects.


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5. Flow diagram

Graphic interpretation of the materials flows.It shows volumes, proportions, ecologicalrelevance among other characteristics.

Indicate the sequence or steps of theproductive process.


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Flow Diagram Example

First soak by spray

Caustic soda bath

Soak by inmersion

Caustic soda bath

Final soak byinmersion

Returned bottles

Water

WaterCaustic sodaDetergentVapor

WaterCaustic sodaDetergentVapor

Water

Vapor

WaterVapor

Detergent ResiduesCaustic soda ResiduesOrg. & inorg. matter

Labels+ Caustic soda sol.Residual bathMudsCondensates

Residual bathMudsCondensates

Condensates

Condensates

Washed bottles

Input Output


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Conservation mass principle is used because itindicates that:

Input Material = Output Material Units of measurements given in kg or m 3

6. Material Balance


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Example 1: Input and Output diagram

Auxiliary materials

Unit Operation

Raw materialProduct

(expected)

byproduct(usable)

Waste

Water Energy

Waste easilyassimilated by

theenvironment

Inert wastealways available

toxic/dangerouswaste


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Plant, Process or Unit Operacin

Gaseous emissionsRawmaterials

Catalyst

Air/Water

Energy

Recycle

Reusable residues in otheroperation

Products

By-products

Wastewater

Liquid waste

Solid waste

Example 2: Input and Output


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7. Interpretation

Establish standards that will establish arelationship between the material consume andthe waste generated.

Establish the process efficiency indicators.(for example Kwh/coffee produced)


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One dollar invested in preventionis like one thousand dollars in

medicine


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Thank you

Material Balance Methodology

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