Materi of basic grammar

USING BE AND HAVESUBJECT + BE

SINGULAR I am a student You are a student John is a student He is a student Rose is a flower It is a flower

PLURAL We are students John and marry are

students They are students Roses are flowers They are flowers

SUBJECT+ BE

1. We ……… students2. I……………a doctor3. Ana……………a lawyer4. He……………..a dentist5. Mary…………..a secretary6. Ana and mary …………doctors7. They ………..teachers8. You …………..dentists9. She ………a lawyer10. You and I ………….lawyers

Complete these sentences by using ( is am are)

Using have and has

singular plural

I have a pen

You have a pen

He has a pen

She has a pen

It has blue ink

We have pens

You have pens

They have pens

1. I ……………a dictionary2. We …………grammar books3. Mary…..a blue pen. she ……..a blue notebook4. You……..a pen in your pocket5. Bob………a notebook on his desk6. Mary and bob……notebooks. they ….pens too7. He ……………a red grammar book8. I ….a grammar book. It …..twelve chapters9. John…..a pen in his pocket10. You and I are students. We…….. books in our

desk

Complete these sentences by using have or has

Using possessive: my, your, his ,her, our, their

singular plural

a) I have a book. My book is red

b) You have a book. Your book is red

c) He has a book. His book is red

d) She has a book . Her book is red

a) We have books. Our books are red.

b) You have books. Your books are red.

c) They have books. Their books are red.

a. I ……a ring. ………..ring is newb. Bob….. a book ………….book is greenc. You………a raincoat. ………..raincoat is

brownd. She ……..a raincoat………..raincoat is rede. Ann and bob are married. they …….a baby,

………baby six months years old

Complete these sentences by using have / has and possessive

Noun + is + nouna. Canada is a

countryb. Mexico is a

countryc. A cat is an animal

“singular means ”one , not two or more.”

In (a) Canada =a singular noun

Is = a singular verb

Country = a singular noun

Noun

NOUN + IS +NOUN : SINGULAR

A frequently comes in front of singular noun.In (b ) a comes in front of the singular noun

country . A is called an article

A and an have the same meaning. They are both articles. A is used in front of words that begin with consonant b c d f g ,etc . Example ; a bad, a cat , a dog, a friend , a girl.

An used in front of words that begin with ; a I u e o.Examples : an animal, an ear, an island, an office

EXPLANATION

NOUN +ARE + NOUN +PLURAL

Cats are animals. Singular : a cat, an

animal. Plural : cats, animals Singular : a city ,a

country. Plural : cities, countries Canada and china are

countries Dogs and cats are

animals

Plural means two, three , or more

Cats=plural noun Are=a plural verb Animals= a plural

noun. Plural nouns end in-s. A and an are used

only with singular

Some singular nouns that end in –y have a special plural form; they omit the =y and add=ies.

Two noun connected by and are followed by are .

In d=canada is singular noun. China is a singular noun. They are connected by and.

Together they are plural, ie more than one

EXPLANATION

CHANGE THE SINGULAR SENTENCES TO PLURAL SENTENCES

1. An ant is an insect.2. A computer is a

machine.3. A dictionary is a

book.4. A rose is a flower.5. A carrot is a

vegetable.

………………….

……………………

………………………

……………………

……………………….

An is also sometimes used in front of words that begin with u.

The letters a, I ,u , ,e , o, and u are called vowel

All of the other letters in the alphabet are called consonants

EXPLANATION

a. ………horse is……animal.b. English is……. Language.c. Chicago is …………..city.d. Korea is ………….country.e. Europe is ………continent.f……dictionary is …..book.f. hotel is ……building.g. ……..bear is………..animal.h. …..…bee is ……….insect.i. …….ant is…………insect

COMPLETE THE SENTENCESUSE AN ARTICLE, A OR AN

I am a student.------I’m a student. She is a student.-----.she’s a student. He is a student.------.he’s a student. It is a city.----------.it’s a city. You are a student.----. You’re a student. You are students.----.you’re students. We are students.-----.we’re students. They are students.----. They’re students

CONRACTION WITH BE

NEGATIVE WITH BE A. tom is not a

teacher.he is a student.

Tom and ann are not teachers.

I am not a teacher

Not makes a sentence negative.

Not contracted with is and are:

contraction: is +not =isn’t.Contraction: are+not

=aren’tAm and not are not

contracted

Noun +be + adjective. A ball is round Balls are round. Mary is intelligent. Mary and tom are intelligent.

Pronoun +be + adjectiveo I am hungry.o She is young.o They are happy.

BE + ADJECTIVE

Round, intelligent, hungry ,young , happy. are adjectives.

Adjectives often follow a form of be (is ,am . Are).adjectives describe or give information about a noun or pronoun that comes at the beginning of a sentence.

The noun or pronoun that comes at the beginning of a sentence is called a subject

EXPLANATION

BE + LOCATION Maria is here. Bob was at the library. Maria is here There Downstairs Upstairs Inside Outside downtown

Here = a location. At the library = a

location. Be is often followed by

a location.

A location may be one word, as in the examples

PREPOSITION + NOUN Bob was at the library. Bob was on the bus. Bob was in his room. Bob was at work. Bob was next to tom.

Some common prepositions( above , at. Behind , between ,from ,in , next to, on ,under.

A location may be a prepositional phrase.

A prepositional +a noun is called a prepositional phrase.

At the library = a prepositional phrase

SUMMARY + SENTENCE PATTERNS WITH BE

Subject +be + noun I am a student.

Subject +be +adjective

He is intelligent.

Subject + be +location

We are in class

The noun or pronoun that comes at the beginning of a sentence is called the subject.

Be is a verb almost of all English sentences have a subject and a verb.

Notice in the example.

Sports are good for our health. They can make our body healthy. People like doing sport to be healthy. they are also interested in sport for pleasure. For this reason, everyone should do sport to make life healthy and happy.

Nowadays, many people like sports. They like not only doing them, but also watching them on television. They are even willing to spend their money to watch football matches, boxing or tennis, those who are interested in watching sport games are called spectators

READING COMPREHENSION (SPORTS 1)

Muslim must worship god almighty in the form of prayers, fasting, payment of religious tax, and pilgrimage. As Muslim we have to have the faith in the pillars on which Islam is built. The pillars are based on the five principles: believe in the one god and Muhammad as his Messenger, Performance of prayers, payment of Religious tax, fasting in the month of Ramadan, and pilgrimage to the holy mosque by whoever finds the way clear to do it.

Praying 1

At this opportunity, we come up by only taking about praying, that is a physical worship which Muslims must perform it five times a day. First is the morning prayer which Muslim must perform at the beginning of the day before the sun rises and it made up of two kneeling. The second prayer is the middle of the day which Muslims must perform it from noon until sundown. The third prayer comes between mid afternoon and sunset. Each of those prayers is made up of four kneeling. The fourth prayer is three kneeling w

Praying 2

There are some kinds of sports. They football, volleyball, badminton, swimming, boxing, running, etc. we can choose to do what we like. Most of people like running because it is cheap and simple. It is to do, and we can do it everywhere.

Football and badminton are the most popular game in our country. Almost everyone like playing football or watching football match. Our people also like either watching or playing badminton. We have many potential players in this game. Therefore, Indonesia becomes a well known in the world because of badminton

Reading comprehension (sports 2)

this and that I have a book in my

hand. This book is red.

I see a book on your desk. That book is blue.

This is my book. That is your book.

This = ini ( terletak didekat ).

That = itu ( terletak jauh ).

This /that dapat digantikan IT.

This /that menunjukan orang maupun benda.

What’s this ? It is a dictionary.

What’s that ? It’s a pen.

Who’s this ? It is my sister.

Who’s that ? It is Mr. smith.

Examples

These is plural form from this.Those is plural form from that.Example:

My books are on my desk. These are my books.

Your books are on your desk .Those are your books.

these and those

a. (this, these)……book belong to me.(that, those )……book belongs to Mary.

b. (this, these)……coat is black.(that,those)…..coats are tan.

c. (this, these)……earring are gold.(that,those)……earrings are silver.

d. (this,these)…..exercises is easy.(that, those)……exercises are hard.

e. Students are sitting in (this,these)…….desks,but(that, those)…desks are empty

Complete the sentences below by using words in the circle