MATERI 8 EXTRA EMBRYONIC GERM LAYER, IMPLANTASI DAN ORGANOGENESIS MK. Ilmu Reproduksi 1 LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK FAPET UB
MATERI 8EXTRA EMBRYONIC GERM LAYER,
IMPLANTASI DAN ORGANOGENESIS
MK. Ilmu Reproduksi
1LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK
FAPET UB
SUB POKOK BAHASAN
• Implantasi
• Pembelahan ectoderm, mesoderm dan endoderm
• Material Recognition of embryo
• Proses plasentasi dan lapisan-lapisan plasenta
• Perkembangan embrio selama kebuntingan
• Proses terbentuknya organ tubuh
• Peristiwa apoptosis dalam pembentukan organ tubuh
2LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK
FAPET UB
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Implantation
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Proses Implantasi
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Development of Extraembryonic Membranes
Four Placental Membranes1. Chorion 2. Yolk Sac3. Amnion 4. Allantois
Day 16
EndodermMesoderm
Ectoderm
Formationof embryo
Outgrowthof
Hindgut
Blood vesselsformed are connected to fetus through umbilical cord
Day 18
Expands to fill chorion
AmnioincCavity
Amnion
Chorion
Allantois
Chorio Allantois
Allantoic Cavity
Yolk Sac
Function of Fetal Membranes and Fluids
Yolk sac: Early nutrient supply for early embryo.
Amnion: Protects fetus from injury, provides lubrication forparturition, reservoir for urine and wastes.
Allantois: Fuses with chorion (chorio-allantoic placenta),carries blood vessels of placenta, reservoir fornutrients and wastes. Umbilical cord attaches fetusto allantois.
Chorion: Attaches to uterus, absorbs nutrients from uterus,allows maternal/fetal gas exchange, produceshormones.
Picks-up uterine secretions from endometriumto stimulate early embryonic development
Prevents the lungs from collapsing and opensdigestive tract
Fills with fluid to expand the Chorio-allantoisagainst the uterine wall
Attachment of the placenta to the uterus. (Implantation)
COW SOW EWE MARE
Days 30-35 12-20 18-20 50-60
Types of Implantation.
A. Superficial - Chorion fuses to endometrium
B. Interstitial - Embryo invades endometrium and develops in the endometrium.
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Implantation Window
Decrease in Muc-1 on uterine epithelial surfaceafter progesterone receptor down-regulatesallows interaction of integrins to initiate placental attachment allowing expansion of trophoblast.
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Placental Attachment in Sow
Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy
Definition:
Establishment of Pregnancy Sow Mare Cow Ewe
Days of Estrous Cycle
Embryonic Signal
Chemical message (Usually hormonal) which resultsin maintenance of the CL. Either through inhibitingPGF2 production from the the endometrium, preventing release from uterus or protecting CLfrom PGF2 effects.
12, 15-18
Estrogen
In pigs, problem with moldy corn -Aflotoxins are estrogenic (Ralgro)Causes pseudopregnancy & earlyembryonic deathTreatment: get off moldy corn and give PGF2
14-16
SmallunknownPeptide
16-17
Bovine OvineInterferon-
12-13
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Cow, EweOnly needs tobe on side withCL. No effect of opposite horn
Pregnancy test inRuminants:Protein B foundin blood by day 25of Cow’s gestation
MareEmbryo mustmigrate betweenhorns from Days12-17. Does it almost 13X/Day
Endometrial cysts can cause problemTreatment : If embryo cannot migrategive progesterone until Day 150
Capsule
Picture providedby Michel Guillomot
EmbryoDay 13
Day 15
Types of Placenta
Diffuse Placenta
Mare Sow
Cotyledonary Placenta
Ewe Cow
Also Goat & Deer
Discoid Placenta
Human
ChorionicPlate
Placentome in Ruminants
Cow
Chorion
Caruncle
Endometrium
Chorion
Caruncle
Endometrium
Ewe
Mare, SowChorion
Microcotyledon
Endometrium
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Placental Attachment in Ruminants
Chorion
UterineEpithelium
Stroma
Capillary
BinucleateCell
Syncytium
Migrate andfuse withuterine
epithelium
Carry PlacentalLactogen into
maternal blood
Fusion ofBinucleatecells and uterine
epithelium
(multinucleate)
Placentomes in Ruminants
Attachment of placentalcotyledons to caruncleforms placentome
Maternal vascularity suppliesthe needed nutrients for fetaldevelopment
Placental-Uterine Attachment
Allantois
Chorion
Increase placentalsurface area
Endometrium
Microcotyledon(Fetal)
EndometrialEpithelium
Micro-cotyledon(Maternal)
UterineArteries
UterineVeins
EndometrialGlands
Micro-cotyledon
Umbilical Vessels
Redrawn with permissionSteven, D.H.& Samuel, C.A.. 1975. J. Reprod. Fertil. 23:579
Fetal Nutrition (Farm Animals)
Blood gas exchange at chorion - endometrium attachment.
Placenta highly permeable to water and electrolytes i.e., stored in and exchange between allantoic and amniotic fluids.
Placenta converts glucose to fructose.
Fetal fat formed from fatty acids transferred across the placenta. Fetus makes proteins from transferred amino acids.
Water soluble vitamins cross the placenta easier than fat soluble.
Minerals are transferred across the placenta.
Antibodies to fight disease do not cross the placenta - the newborn will get these antibodies from the first milk - Colostrum.
Allows storage in allantoicfluid
In Domestic Species
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Placental Development in the Mare
Day 25
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Placental Development in the Mare
Day 34 Day 40
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