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SALEP / UNGUENTUM
Defnisi Salep :
Sediaan setengah padat yg mdhdioleskan & dignakan s!g o!at la"#
$ahan o!atnya h"s la"t/ te"dispe"sihomogen dlm dasa" salep %ehiklm'yg (o(ok
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$ahan Dasa" Salep
$e"dasa"kan komposisi dasa" salep dptdi!agi:
• Dasa" salep hid"oka"!on •
)aselin ptih * aselin kning• Pa"a+n en(e"* pa"a+n padat
• Minyak tm!h,an
• Dasa" salep se"ap• Adeps lanae* lanolin
• Ungentm simple- %malam kning : ol#sesami .0:10'
• Dasa" salep dapat la"t dlm ai"• PEG %polyethylenegly(ol' ata (amp"an PEG
• T"aga(ant * PGA
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• Dasa" salep dapat di((i dg ai"
– Dasa" salep emlsi tipe M/A sptanishing ("eam
–Emlsi2ying oinment $#P
3/ emlsi2ying 4a- 00
aselin al!m 500
pa"afn li6id ,00
emlsi2ying 4a- : 3/ (etostea"yl al(ohol 7
na la"il sl2at 80
a6adest 9 ml
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At"an Pem!atan Salep
At"an mm :
8# at yg dpt la"t dlm dasa" salep*dila"tkan* !ila pe"l dg pemanasan
"endah,# at yg tdk (kp la"t dlm dasa" salep*
le!ih dl dise"!k & diayak % ayakan no800'
# at yg mdh la"t dlm ai" & sta!il*dila"tkan dl dlm ai" yg te"sedia kmdtam!ah dasa" salep lain
9# $ila dasa" salep di!at dg pele!"an* mk
(amp ts! h"s diadk sampai dingin
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;a"a Pem!atan Salep
8# at/ $ahan padat la"t dlm dasa"salep
a# ;ampho"a* mentol* na2tol* 2enol* gai(ol*
thymol• Dila"tkan dlm dasa" salep yg sdh di(ai"kan
dlm !otol ka(a
• $ila ada minyak lemak %ol#sesami' maka
(ampho"a dila"tkan dlm minyak ts!• $ila t<dapat !<sama mentol* salol* thymol yg
dpt men"nkan titik le!"nya* mk (ampho"adi(amp" & dige"s dg =at>=at ts! sampaim<(ai"* kmd di ? !ahan dasa" salep sedikit,
• ;ampho"a ? spi"its 2o"t* kmd dige"s dg !hn
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!# Pellidol
> dila"tkan !e"sama>sama !hn dasa" ygdi(ai"kan/dile!" %la"t @ dlm aselin & 1@dlm minyak lemak'
> !ila mlahnya !esa"* dila"tkan dlm dasa"salep yg sdah di(ai"kan
(# Bodim> ditam!ah spi"# Co"tio" %etano 75 @' * dige"s dg
!hn dasa" salep> ditam!ah B ? ai"* spt pem!atan Ung#Bodii %mlahai" yg ditam!ahkan dik"angkan pd !agian dasa"salep'
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,# $ahan padat la"t dlm ai"a# A"gentm (olloidal %(ola"gol'
dige"s lama dg ai" sama !anyak sampai la"t
!# A"gentm p"oteini(m %p"ota"gol'dita!"kan diatas ai" sama !anyak* !ia"kan 0<*kmd ge"s dg dasa" salep# $ila ada gly(e"in*p"ota"gol dpt dige"s langsng
(# Tannin !ila ai" yg te"sedia tdk (kp * hanya dise"!k
& dige"s dg dasa" salep
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d# Ekst"ak kental
> dige"s dl dg sedikit ai"* spt !elladonae
e-t"a(tm* hyos(yami e-t"a(tm
> !ila dlm "esep ada gly(e"in* dpt dipakai tkmengge"s ekst"ak
e# 3atanhiae e-t"a(tm
dita!" dl dg ai" sama !anyak* !ia"kan 85 *
!a" dige"s & diadk
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2# Adanya iodim / tanin dg ga"amalkaloida didlm la"tan a/ m<endapkanalkaloid * maka
keda =at ts! h"s dipisah & di(amp" sendi"i, dgse!agian dasa" salep*kmd kedanya !a"di(amp"
# $ahan padat tdk la"t lemak & ai"(ontoh : zinci oxydum, acidum boricum
=at ts! dise"!kkan dl dg pengayak no800* kmd diadk dg !ahan dasa" sampai
homogen
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9# $ahan o!at yg dimaskan te"akhi"a# B(htyol* k dige"s lama a/ td pemisahan
!# $alsam %pe" !alsem'& minyak atsi"i/
minyak mdh mengap(# Ai"* aga" pe"m mo"ti" tdk li(in
d# Gly(e"in* ska" dise"ap o/ !hn dasa"
e# L;D %li6o" (a"!onatis dete"gent'
2# $ahan o!at !tk (ai"
g#
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• $ahan dasa" !e"!entk F padat – )aselin* adeps lanae ata lanolin
– Dg men(amp" langsng !hn o!at dg !hndasa"* diadk sampai homogen
• $ahan dasa" !e"!entk padat – ;e"a aa/al!a* pa"a+n solid* (a"!o4a-* asam
stea"at* setil alkohol
– $hn dasa" ts! h"s dile!" dl !e"sama dg !hn
dasa" yg !e"!tk (ai" ata F padat* sth melelehdiadk ad dingin
– Hika !hn yg dile!" k"ang !e"sih* dpt disa"ingdg kasa %!hn ts! dile!ihkan 80>,0 @'
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Pem!atan salep dg !hnkhss• Ilem (a(ao
– Hika J 80@ : dilelehkan tapi se!elmmen(ai" t"nkan da"i 4ate" !ath* ?
minyak /masa salep* dige"s homogen – Hika K 80 @ : di!at spt pd pem!atan
salep dg pele!"an
• $alsanm pe"ianm
angan ikt dipanasi* tam!ahkan pdmasa salep yg telah dingin & di(amp"te"akhi"
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• $ahan o!at dlm salep yg tdk !olehdila"tkan : – Phenol
– in(i sl2as
– Il#ie(o"is aselli %minyak ikan'
– Anti!iotik %a#l penisilin0
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;ontoh "esep
3/ (ampho"a 8
aselin a 7
S#ngt (ampho"a
3/ (ampho"a 8ol#(o(os 8
adeps lanae 8
m#2 ngt
3/ alii iodi lanolin 8
ngt#simple- ad 0
3/ p"o(ain ;l 0*8
Adeps lanae
in(i o-yd
a6a "osae 8
aselin ad 0
3/ (o(ain ;l 0*85
e-t"a(t !elladona 0*,5
iodii 0*5
lanolin
aselin a aa 80
s# ad s# e-t
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;ontoh "esep
3/ "eso"(in 0*
sl2" pp ,*5
(eta(em
ol# (a(ao
ol# sesami ,5 se
3/ sl2adia=in,*5
=in(i o-ydi5
ol#sesami ,0a(id !o"i( 9
aselin8
Ungentm olei ie(o"is aselli
3/ olei ie(o"is aselli 90
(e"a aa 80
aselin aa 50
Ungentm a(idi !en=oi(i eta(idi sali(yli(i
3/ a(idi !en=oi( 5
a(idi sali(yl 5
lanolin 95
aselin95
s##e
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Pasta
• Pasta !e"lemak – salep yg mengandng le!ih da"i 50@
=at padat/se"!k
– !hn dasa" : aselin* pa"a+n li6id – "n mlah lemak le!ih sedikit d"pd
se"!k* spaya homogen mk !hn dasa"ts! dileleh kan te"le!ih dl
– M"p salep yg te!al* kak*& tdk melelehpd sh !adan
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• Pasta ke"ing – Pasta yg !e!as lemak mgd 0 @ =at
padat/se"!k spt nI* tal(* ;a (a"!onas
– Spy tdk md ke"ing salep ditempatkanpd tempat yg kedap & di? !entonit s!gsta!ilisato"
• Pasta pendingin – M"p (amp se"!k* minyak lemak &
(ai"an !e"ai"* dikenal dg Osalep tigada"a
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;ontoh pasta
Pasta !e"lemak
3/ "eso"(in 5
sl2" 5nI 90
pa"a2 li6 80
(etostea"ylalkohol8,
as a ad 800
Pasta ke"ing3/ !entonit 8
sl2" pp ,
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Ditina da"i kegnaan dlm te"api*salepdikelp :
• Salep epide"mis
Utk melindngi klit/mengo!ati epithelim* dgehiklm : aselin/ (amp hid"oka"!on
• Salep mkosa/diade"mik
Melindngi/mengo!ati mkosa* dg ehiklm :
(amp aselin 80>,0@* adeps lanae• Salep endode"mik
penet"asi le!ih dlm da"i pe"m klit dg ehiklm :!"p lemak/ (amp !!"p !hn yg mi"ip dg lemak klit
mansia
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Salep epidermik
3/ a(id sali(yl 0*
sl2" pp 8*,
as a ad 0
s#s#e-t
Salep u/ mukosa
3/!en=o(ain 0*8
tanin
adeps lanae 80
as a ad 50
Salep endodermik
3/ menthol 80methyl sali(yl 80
adeps lanae ad 800
m2 ngt
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Pe"sya"atan salep yg !aik
• Sta!il s(" fsika & kimia
• I!at h"s te"!agi me"ata* tdk !olehada !ag pa"tikel yg kasa"
• a"s mdah dioleskan
• $asis salep tdk me"angsang klit
•
Salep dk !oleh menge"ing• Tdk !e"!a tengik
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;3EAM
• Defnisi ;"eam :
sediaan F padat !e"pa emlsikental mgd tdk k"ang d" 0@ ai"*
dimaksdkan tk pemakaian la"
• Tipe ("eam –
;"eam tipe Q/I ata ai" dlm minyak – ;"eam tipe I/Q ata minyak dlm ai"
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• Utk mem!at ("eam dignakan =atpengemlsi/emlgato" !"p s"2aktan : – T4een* span*
–
Na la"il sl2at – ;M;
– ning tel"* gelatin
– TEA stea"at
• Utk pensta!il di ? =at antioksidan %spt$T*$A' & penga4et %spt nipagin &nipasol'
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etentan mm ("eam
• $asis ("eam h"s di!at dl * !a"!hn o!at dpt dige"s dg !hn o!at ygsdh adi
• Pe"at"an yg ada di ngentm tdk!e"lak di ("eam# Hadi 4alapn adao!at yg mdh la"t dlm ai" tdk pe"l
dila"tkan (kp dige"s hals kmdtam!ahkan !asis* ge"s homogen
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Pem!atan !asis ("eam
• Di!at md , 2ase:2ase minyak %dile!"' &2ase ai" %dila"tkan'
• $hn F padat & padat spt lilin* aselin*
(e"a* as#stea"at* pa"afn solid* setilalkohol :
– dile!" !e"sama, diatas 4ate"!ath
• $ahan !e"!tk (ai" & !tk se"!k spt TEA*
p"opilenglikol* nipagin : – dila"tkan dlm ai" panas
• eda 2ase di(amp" panas>panas &diadk sampai te"!tk massa ("eam
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;ontoh !asis anishing ("eam %type
o/4'
3/ as# Stea"at 89, le!" di atas 4!
Glise"in 800
!o"a- ,*5 TEA 80 ? ai" panas ad la"t
Nipagin 6s
A6a 150
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;ontoh !asis (old ("eam %type 4/o'
3/ spe"ma(eti 8,*5
(e"a al!a 8,
pa"a2# Li6# 5!o"a- 0*5
a6adest 87 ml
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ITT dlm ("eam
• Asam salisilat 8> @* ika J @ :
– k"im a/ "sak
• nI ? as salisilat dlm k"im %mgd ai"' :
– a/ te"!tk semen* k"n ai" tdk !isadihilangkan mk nI diganti dg TiI2
• Neomisin SI4 yg !<si2at asam ITT dg !asis
anishing ("eam %!<si2at sa!n'* mk h"sdiganti dg !asis net"al :sa<s ("eam
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E2ek o!at lokal pd klit
• Antip""itik : meng"angi "asa gatal, – Menthol 0*,5 @
– Phenol 0*5 @
–
;ampho"a , @• Anti!akte"i & anti2ngi
– )io2o"m @
– Tet"a(y(lin ;l @
– ;hlo"ampheni(ol ,> @
– Nystatin 800#000 g