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Page 1: Materi 1 Kewajibanlancar IV 110218055039 Phpapp02

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Page 2: Materi 1 Kewajibanlancar IV 110218055039 Phpapp02

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C H A P T E R C H A P T E R 1313

LIABILITAS JANGKA PENDEK, PROVISI, LIABILITAS JANGKA PENDEK, PROVISI, DAN KONTINJENSIDAN KONTINJENSI

Intermediate AccountingIFRS Edition

Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield

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1. Describe the nature, type, and valuation of current liabilities.

2. Explain the classification issues of short-term debt expected to be refinanced.

3. Identify types of employee-related liabilities.

4. Explain the accounting for different types of provisions.

5. Identify the criteria used to account for and disclose contingent liabilities and assets.

6. Indicate how to present and analyze liability-related information.

Learning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

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Current LiabilitiesCurrent Liabilities ProvisionsProvisionsPresentation and Presentation and

AnalysisAnalysis

What is a liability?What is a liability?

What is a current What is a current liability?liability?

RecognitionRecognition

MeasurementMeasurement

Common typesCommon types

DisclosuresDisclosures

Presentation of Presentation of current liabilitiescurrent liabilities

Analysis of current Analysis of current liabilitiesliabilities

Current Liabilities and ContingenciesCurrent Liabilities and ContingenciesCurrent Liabilities and ContingenciesCurrent Liabilities and Contingencies

ContingenciesContingencies

Contingent Contingent liabilitiesliabilities

Contingent assetsContingent assets

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What is a Liability?What is a Liability?What is a Liability?What is a Liability?

Three essential characteristics:

1. Present obligation.

2. Arises from past events.

3. Results in an outflow of

resources (cash, goods,

services).

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What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?

Current liability is reported if one of two conditions exists:

1. Liability is expected to be settled within its normal operating

cycle; or

2. Liability is expected to be settled within 12 months after the

reporting date.

The operating cycle is the period of time elapsing between the

acquisition of goods and services and the final cash realization resulting

from sales and subsequent collections.

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What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?

Typical Current Liabilities:

Accounts payable.

Notes payable.

Current maturities of long-term debt.

Short-term obligations expected to be refinanced.

Dividends payable.

Customer advances and deposits.

Unearned revenues.

Sales taxes payable.

Income taxes payable.

Employee-related liabilities.

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Balances owed to others for goods, supplies, or services

purchased on open account.

Accounts Payable (trade accounts payable)

What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?

Time lag between the receipt of services or acquisition

of title to assets and the payment for them.

Terms of the sale (e.g., 2/10, n/30 or 1/10, E.O.M.)

usually state period of extended credit, commonly 30 to

60 days.

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Written promises to pay a certain sum of money on a

specified future date.

Notes Payable

What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?

Arise from purchases, financing, or other transactions.

Notes classified as short-term or long-term.

Notes may be interest-bearing or zero-interest-bearing.

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Illustration: Castle National Bank setuju untuk memberi pinjaman

sebesar $100,000 pada tanggal 1 Maret 2011, kepada Landscape

Co. jika Landscape menandatangani wesel senilai $100,000,

dengan tingkat bunga 6 persen dan berjangka empat bulan.

Landscape mencatat penerimaan kas 1 Maret sebagai berikut.:

What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?

Kas 100,000

Utang Wesel 100,000

Interest-Bearing Note Issued

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Jika Landscape menyusun statemen keuangan tengah tahunan,

perusahaan membuat jurnal pengesusaian untuk mengakui

biaya bunga dan utang bunga pada tanggal 30 at Juni:

What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?

Biaya Bunga 2,000

Utang Bunga 2,000

($100,000 x 6% x 4/12) = $2,000Perhitungan bunga =

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Pada tanggal 1 Juli, Landscape mencatat pembayaran wesel dan

utang bunga sebagai berikut.

What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?

Utang Wesel 100,000

Utang Bunga 2,000

Kas 102,000

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Ilustrasi: pada tanggal 1 Maret, Landscape mengeluarkan wesel

senilai $102,000, berjangka empat bulan, dengan bunga nol

kepada Castle National Bank. Nilai tunai wesel adalah $100,000.

Landscape mencatat transaksi tersebut sebagai berikut.

What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?

Kas 100,000

Utang Wesel 100,000

Zero-Bearing Note Issued

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Jika Landscape menyusun statemen keuangan setengah

tahunan, pada tanggal 30 Juni perusahaan membuat jurnal

penyesuaian berikut ini untuk mengakui biaya bunga dan

kenaikan utang wesel sebesar $2,000.

What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?

Biaya bunga 2,000

Utang Wesel 2,000

Pada tanggal j.t. (1 Juli), Landscape membayar utang wesel

Utang wesel 102,000

Kas 102,000

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E13-2: (Utang dagang dan Utang wesel). Berikut ini transaksi yang

terjadi pada Darby Corporation tahun 2010.

What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?

Sept. 1 – Dibeli barang dagangan dari Orion Company secara

kredit senilai $50,000. Darby mencatat transaksi ini dengan

metoda Gross dan menggunakan sistem periodik.

Okt. 1 – dikeluarkan wesel senilai $50,000, 12-bulan, berbunga

8% kepada Orion untuk membayar utang dagang.

Okt. 1 – Dipinjam $75,000 dari Shore dengan menandatangani

wesel tanpa bunga 12-bulan, senilai $81,000.

Buatlah jurnal untuk mencatat transaksi di atas.

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Sept. 1 – Dibeli barang dagangan dari Orion Company secara

kredit senilai $50,000. Darby mencatat transaksi ini dengan

metoda Gross dan menggunakan sistem periodik.

What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?

Sept. 1 Pembelian 50,000

Utang dagang 50,000

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What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?

Okt. 1 Utang dagang 50,000

Utang wesel 50,000

Perhitungan bunga =

Okt. 1 – dikeluarkan wesel senilai $50,000, 12-bulan, berbunga

8% kepada Orion untuk membayar utang dagang.

Des. 31 Biaya bunga 1,000

Utang bunga 1,000

($50,000 x 8% x 3/12) = $1,000

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Des. 31 Biaya bunga 1,500

Utang wesel 1,500

What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?

Okt. 1 Kas 75,000

Utang Wesel 75,000

($6,000 x 3/12) = $1,500Perhitungan bunga =

Okt. 1 – Dipinjam $75,000 dari Shore dengan menandatangani

wesel tanpa bunga 12-bulan, senilai $81,000

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Utang wesel 6,000

Kas 6,000

Pelunasan wesel tahun berikutnyaPelunasan wesel tahun berikutnyaPelunasan wesel tahun berikutnyaPelunasan wesel tahun berikutnya

Okt. 1 Biaya bunga 4.500

Utang Wesel 4.500

($6,000 x 9/12) = $4,500Perhitungan bunga =

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Bagian dari obligasi, wesel jangka panjang, dan utang

jangka panjang lain yang jatuh tempo pada tahun fiskal

mendatang. Tidak termasuk didalamnya:

Kewajiban Jangka Panjang yang j.t. dalam waktu kurang dari 1 tahun.

What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?

1. Dilunasi dengan akumulasi aset yang belum nampak

sebagai aset lancar.

2. Di-refinance atau dilunasi dari penerimaan utang baru,

atau dikonversi menjadi saham biasa

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Dikeluarkan dari kewajiban lancar jika kedua kondisi

berikut terpenuhi:

Obligasi Jangka Pendek yang Diharapkan Di-refinance

What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?

1. Must intend to refinance the obligation on a long-term

basis.

2. Must have an unconditional right to defer settlement of

the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting date.

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What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?

E13-4 (Refinancing of Short-Term Debt): The CFO for

Hendricks Corporation sedang berdiskusi dengan chief executive

officer tentang isu yang berhubungan dengan obligasi jangka

pendek perusahaan. Saat ini, current ratio danacid-test ratio

cukup rendah, dan CEO ingin tahu apakah ada obligasi jangka

pendek yang dapat direklasifikasi menjadi jangka panjang.

Tanggal pelaporan keuangan adalah 31 Desember 2010. dua

obligasi jangka pendek telah didiskusikan dan tindakan berikutnya

diambil oleh CFO.

Instructions: tunjukkan bagaimana transaksi ini seharusnya

dilaporkan pada statemen posisi keuangan per 31 Desember

2010.

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Utang perusahaan kepada para pemegang sahamnya

sebagai hasil otorisasi dewan direktur.

Utang Dividen

What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?

Umumnya dibayar dalam waktu tiga bulan

Dividen yan tidak diumumkan pada saham preferen tidak

diakui sebagai kewajiban

Utang dividen dalam bentuk tambahan saham tidak

diakui sebagai kewajiban. Dilaporkan sebagai ekuitas.

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Deposit kas yang diterima dari para pelanggan dan

karyawan yang bersifat returnable

Deposit dan Pembayaran Pelanggan di Muka

What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?

Dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai kewajiban Lancar atau

tidak lancar.

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Pembayaran yang diterima sebelum perusahaan

mengirimkan barang atau menyerahkan jasa

Pendapatan Diterima di Muka

What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?

Illustration 13-2Unearned and Earned Revenue Accounts

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BE13-6: pada tanggal 1 Agustus 2010, Sports Pro Magazine

menjual dengan cara berlangganan tahunan sebanyak 12,000

dengan harga $18 per pelanggan.

What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?

Agust. 1 Kas 216,000

Pendapatan DDM 216,000

(12,000 x $18)

Des. 31 Pendapatan DDM 90,000

Pendapatan langganan 90,000

($216,000 x 5/12 = $90,000)

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Retailers must collect sales taxes or value-added taxes (VAT)

from customers on transfers of tangible personal property and

on certain services and then remit to the proper governmental

authority.

Sales Taxes Payable

What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?

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BE13-7: Dillons Corporation menjual barang secara kredit

senilai $30,000 yang merupakan subyek PPN 10%.

Perusahaan juga menjual barang secara tunai senilai $21,450

termasuk PPN 10%.

LO 2

Piutang Dagang 33,000Penjualan 30,000

Utang PPN ($30,000 x 10% = $3.000) 3,000

Kas 22,450

Penjualan ($21,450 1.1 = $19,500) 19,500

Utang PPN 1,950

What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?

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Amounts owed to employees for salaries or wages are reported as a current liability.

Employee-Related Liabilities

What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?What is a Current Liability?

Current liabilities may include:

Payroll deductions.

Compensated absences.

Bonuses.

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Utang Bonus

Bonus merupakan pembayaran kepada karyawan diluar gaji reguler yang mereka terima.

Bonus yang dibayarkan merupakan biaya operasi.

Bonus yang belum dibayarkan harus dilaporkan sebagai utang lancar.

Utang BonusUtang Bonus

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Utang Bonus • PT LMN memutuskan untuk memberikan bonus

pada karyawannya. Laba yang diperoleh perusahaan tahun 2006 sebelum dikurangi bonus dan pajak adalah Rp280.000.000. Bonus yang akan diberikan adalah 20% dan besarnya pajak 40%.

Buatlah jurnal jika bonus dihitung berdasarkan:1. Laba sebelum pajak setelah dikurangi bonus.2. Laba setelah dikurangi pajak sebelum dikurangi

bonus3. Laba setelah dikurangi pajak dan bonus

Utang BonusUtang Bonus

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Bonus dihitung atas dasar laba sebelum pajak (t) setelah dikurangi bonus (b):

b = 20% x (laba - b)

b = 20% x (280.000.000 - b)

b = 56.000.000 – 0,2b

1,2b = 56.000.000

b = 46.666.667

Utang BonusUtang Bonus

Jurnal Biaya Bonus 46.666.667Utang Bonus 46.666.667

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Bonus dihitung atas dasar laba setelah pajak (t) sebelum dikurangi bonus (b)

t = 40% x (laba - b)

t = 40% x (280.000.000 - b)

t = 112.000.000 - 0,4b

b = 20% x (laba - t)

b = 20% x (280.000.000 - (112.000.000 - 0,4b))

b = 20% x (168.000.000 + 0,4b)

b = 33.600.000 + 0,08b

b = 33.600.000/0,92 = 36.521.739

Utang BonusUtang Bonus

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Bonus dihitung atas dasar laba setelah dikurangi pajak dan bonus:

t = 40% x (laba - b)

t = 40% x (280.000.000 - b)

t = 112.000.000 - 0,4b

b = 20% x (laba - b - t)

b = 20% x (280.000.000 - b - (112.000.000 - 0,4b))

b = 20% x (168.000.000 - 0,6b)

b = 33.600.000 - 0,12b

b = 33.600.000/1,12 = 30.000.000

Utang BonusUtang Bonus

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Provisi adalah kewajiban yang belum pasti nilai dan

waktunya.

Dapat dilaporkan sebagai kewajiban lancar atau tidak lancar

liability.

Contoh:

► Kewajiban yang terkait dengan litigasi.

► Garansi penjualan produk.

► Restrukturisasi perusahaan.

► Kerusakan lingkungan.

ProvisionsProvisionsProvisionsProvisions

Uncertainty about the timing or

amount of the future expenditure required to settle

the obligation.

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Companies accrue an expense and related liability for a provision

only if the following three conditions are met:

1. Warrantees or product guarantees.

2. Probable that an outflow of resources will be required to

settle the obligation; and

3. A reliable estimate can be made.

Recognition of a ProvisionRecognition of a ProvisionRecognition of a ProvisionRecognition of a Provision

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1. Sebuah perusahaan memiliki sebuah kewajiban (legal atau

konstruktif) sebagai hasil peristiwa masa lalu

2. Kemungkinan besar (probable) diperlukan arus keluar sumberdaya

untuk melunasi kewajiban tersebut.

3. Estimasi reliabel dapat dibuat untuk mengetahui nilai kewajiban

tersebut.

Recognition of a ProvisionRecognition of a ProvisionRecognition of a ProvisionRecognition of a Provision

LO 4

Recognition Criteria

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A reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation can be determined.

Recognition of a ProvisionRecognition of a ProvisionRecognition of a ProvisionRecognition of a Provision

LO 4

Recognition Examples

Illustration 13-4

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Constructive obligation is an obligation that derives from a

company’s actions where:

1. By an established pattern of past practice, published policies,

or a sufficiently specific current statement, the company has

indicated to other parties that it will accept certain

responsibilities; and

2. As a result, the company has created a valid expectation on

the part of those other parties that it will discharge those

responsibilities.

Recognition of a ProvisionRecognition of a ProvisionRecognition of a ProvisionRecognition of a Provision

Recognition Examples

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A reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation can be determined.

Recognition of a ProvisionRecognition of a ProvisionRecognition of a ProvisionRecognition of a Provision

LO 4

Recognition Examples

Illustration 13-5

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A reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation can be determined.

Recognition of a ProvisionRecognition of a ProvisionRecognition of a ProvisionRecognition of a Provision

LO 4

Recognition Examples

Illustration 13-6

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How does a company determine the amount to report

for a provision?

IFRS:

Amount recognized should be the best estimate of the

expenditure required to settle the present obligation.

Best estimate represents the amount that a company would

pay to settle the obligation at the statement of financial

position date.

Measurement of ProvisionsMeasurement of ProvisionsMeasurement of ProvisionsMeasurement of Provisions

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Management must use judgment, based on past or similar

transactions, discussions with experts, and any other pertinent

information.

Measurement of ProvisionsMeasurement of ProvisionsMeasurement of ProvisionsMeasurement of Provisions

Measurement Examples

Toyota warranties. Toyota might determine that 80

percent of its cars will not have any warranty cost, 12 percent will

have substantial costs, and 8 percent will have a much smaller cost.

In this case, by weighting all the possible outcomes by their

associated probabilities, Toyota arrives at an expected value for its

warranty liability.

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Management must use judgment, based on past or similar

transactions, discussions with experts, and any other pertinent

information.

Measurement of ProvisionsMeasurement of ProvisionsMeasurement of ProvisionsMeasurement of Provisions

Measurement Examples

Carrefour refunds. Carrefour sells many items at

varying selling prices. Refunds to customers for products

sold may be viewed as a continuous range of refunds, with each point

in the range having the same probability of occurrence. In this case,

the midpoint in the range can be used as the basis for measuring the

amount of the refunds.

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Measurement of the liability should consider the time value of money.

Future events that may have an impact on the measurement of the

costs should be considered.

Measurement of ProvisionsMeasurement of ProvisionsMeasurement of ProvisionsMeasurement of Provisions

Measurement Examples

Novartis lawsuit. Large companies like Novartis are

involved in numerous litigation issues related to their

products. Where a single obligation such as a lawsuit is being

measured, the most likely outcome of the lawsuit may be the best

estimate of the liability.

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Common Types:

Common Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of Provisions

1. Lawsuits

2. Warranties

3. Premiums

4. Environmental

5. Onerous contracts

6. Restructuring

IFRS requires extensive disclosure related to provisions in the notes to the financial statements, however companies do not record or report in the notes general risk contingencies inherent in business operations (e.g., the possibility of war, strike, uninsurable catastrophes, or a business recession).

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Warranty Provisions

Common Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of Provisions

Janji yang dibuat oleh penjual kepada pembeli untuk memastikan

bahwa kuantitasnya memadai, kualitasnya baik, dan kinerjanya

produk baik. .

Jika kemungkinan besar (probable) bahwa pelanggan akan

melakukan klaim garansi dan perusahaan dapat secara layak

(reasonably) mengestimasi kos yang akan terjadi, perusahaan

harus mencatatnya sebagai biaya.

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Two basic methods of accounting for warranty costs:

Cash-Basis method

► Expense warranty costs as incurred, because

1. it is not probable that a liability has been

incurred, or

2. it cannot reasonably estimate the amount of

the liability.

Warranty Provisions

Common Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of Provisions

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Two basic methods of accounting for warranty costs:

Accrual-Basis method

► Charge warranty costs to operating expense in the

year of sale.

► Method is the generally accepted method.

► Referred to as the expense warranty approach.

Common Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of Provisions

Warranty Provisions

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Common Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of Provisions

BE13-13: Streep Factory memberikan garansi 2 tahun untuk produk

yang dijual tahun 2010. pada tahun tersebut, Streep mengeluarkan

biaya servis sebesar $70,000 untuk klaim garansi. Pada akhir tahun,

Streep menaksir akan ada tambahan pengeluaran sebesar $400,000

di tahun mendatang terkait penjualan produk tahun 2010.

2010 Biaya Garansi 70,000

Kas 70,000

12/31/10 Biaya Garansi 400,000

Utang Garansi 400,000

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Provisi GaransiProvisi Garansi

Janji yang dibuat oleh seorang penjual kepada seorang pembeli untuk memperbaiki kelemahan dalam hal kuantitas, kualitas, atau kinerja produk.

Garansi

Jika kemungkinan besar para pelanggan melakukan klaim garansi, dan perusahaan dapat menaksir biayanya, maka perusahaan harus mencatat biaya tersebut.

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Provisi GaransiProvisi Garansi

PT MNO menjual produk dengan garansi tiga bulan. Berdasarkan pengalaman, produk tersebut rata-rata memerlukan biaya garansi sebesar Rp200.000 per unit, dan jumlah produk yang diklaim garansinya setiap tahun rata-rata 30% dari jumlah unit yang terjual.

Keterangan 2005 2006 Penjualan (harga jual @ Rp1.000.000,00) Pengeluaran biaya garansi untuk:

- Penjualan 2005 - Penjualan 2006

500 unit

130 unit -

600 unit

20 unit 155 unit

Pertanyaan: Buatlah jurnal untuk mencatat transaksi penjualan, pengeluaran biaya garansi, dan utang garansi untuk tahun 2005 dan 2006

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Provisi GaransiProvisi Garansi

2005 Piutang Dagang 500.000.000Penjualan

500.000.000

Biaya Garansi 26.000.000Kas/Persediaan SC 26.000.000

Des. 31 Biaya Garansi 4.000.000Utang Garansi 4.000.000

Expense Warranty TreatmentExpense Warranty Treatment

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Provisi GaransiProvisi Garansi

2006 Piutang Dagang 600.000.000Penjualan

600.000.000

Utang Garansi 4.000.000Kas/Persediaan SC 4.000.000

Biaya Garansi 31.000.000Kas/Persediaan SC 31.000.000

Des. 31 Biaya Garansi 5.000.000Utang Garansi 5.000.000

Expense Warranty TreatmentExpense Warranty Treatment

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Common Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of Provisions

Perusahaan harus membebankan kos premi dan kupon

menjadi biaya dalam periode terjadinya

Akuntansi:

Estimasi jumlah premi yang diperkirakan akan

dimanfaatkan oleh para pelanggan.

Bebankan kos premi ke Biaya Premi dan kredit Utang

Premi.

Premiums and Coupons (Provisi Hadiah)

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Utang HadiahUtang Hadiah

• Dalam tahun 2005 PT NOP memutuskan untuk memberikan hadiah berupa sabun mandi kepada konsumennya. Untuk itu setiap pembelian satu unit produk, pembeli akan mendapat satu lembar kupon hadiah. Setiap 5 lembar kupon dapat ditukar dengan satu buah sabun mandi. Informasi transaksi yang terjadi selama tahun 2005 adalah:• Dijual 100.000 unit produk dengan harga

Rp50.000/unit.• Dibeli 10.000 buah sabun mandi dengan harga

Rp2.000/buah.• Diterima 40.000 lembar kupon untuk ditukar

dengan sabun mandi.• Perusahaan memperkirakan 60% dari kupon yang

diberikan akan ditukarkan dengan sabun mandi.

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Utang HadiahUtang Hadiah

Penj. Piutang Dagang 5.000.000.000Penjualan

5.000.000.000

Pemb. Persediaan Hadiah 20.000.000Kas 20.000.000

Biaya Hadiah 16.000.000Persediaan Hadiah 16.000.000

Des. 31 Biaya Hadiah 8.000.000Utang Hadiah 8.000.000

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Common Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of Provisions

Illustration: Fluffy Cakemix Company menawarkan kepada

pelanggannya sebuah panci sebagai penukar 25 sen dan 10 tutup

kotak. Harga beli panci per unit adalah 75 sen dan perusahaan

mengestimasi bahwa pelanggan akan menukarkan sebanyak 60

persen dari jumlah tutup yang beredar. Penawaran ini mulai bulan

Juni 2011 dan dicatat dalam jurnal di bawah. Perusahaan mencatat

pembelian 20,000 panci sebagai berikut.

Persediaan Premi Panci 15,000

Kas

15,000$20,000 x .75 = $15,000

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Common Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of Provisions

LO 4

Illustration: Mencatat penjualan 300,000 box produk

Kas 240,000

Penjualan 240,000

300,000 x .80 = $240,000

Perusahaan mencatat penukaran 60,000 tutup kotak, menerima

25 sen per 10 tutup kotak, dan mengirimkan panci.

Kas [(60,000 / 10) x $0.25] 1,500

Biaya Premi 3,000

Presediaan Premi Panci

4,500

Computation: (60,000 / 10) x $0.75 = $4,500

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Common Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of ProvisionsCommon Types of Provisions

Illustration: akhir periode, perusahaan membuat penyesuaian

untuk mengakui dan mencatat utang premi:

Biaya Premi 6,000

Utang Premi 6,000

LO 4

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Disclosures Related To ProvisionsDisclosures Related To ProvisionsDisclosures Related To ProvisionsDisclosures Related To Provisions

Perusahaan harus memberikan pembandingan saldo awal dan

saldo akhir untuk setiap kelompok utama provisi, mengidentifikasi

apa penyebabnya perubahan selama periode tersebut.

Selain itu,

► Provisi harus diuraikan dan ekspektasi waktu pembayaran

harus diungkapkan.

► Disclosure tentang ketidakpastian yang berhubungan

dengan arus keluar ekspektasian (expected outflows ) dan

pembayaran ulang ekspektasian (expected reimbursement)

harus dibuat.

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Liabilitas KontinjensiLiabilitas KontinjensiLiabilitas KontinjensiLiabilitas Kontinjensi

Contingent liabilities are not recognized in the financial

statements because they are

1. A possible obligation (not yet confirmed),

2. A present obligation for which it is not probable that

payment will be made, or

3. A present obligation for which a reliable estimate of the

obligation cannot be made.

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Liabilitas KontinjensiLiabilitas KontinjensiLiabilitas KontinjensiLiabilitas Kontinjensi

Illustration 13-12

LO 5 Identify the criteria used to account for and disclose contingent liabilities and assets.

Contingent Liabilities Guidelines

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Contingent AssetsContingent AssetsContingent AssetsContingent Assets

A contingent asset is a possible asset that arises from past

events and whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence

or non-occurrence of uncertain future events not wholly within the

control of the company. Typical contingent assets are:

1. Possible receipts of monies from gifts, donations, bonuses.

2. Possible refunds from the government in tax disputes.

3. Pending court cases with a probable favorable outcome.

Contingent assets are not recognized on the statement of financial position.

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Contingent AssetsContingent AssetsContingent AssetsContingent Assets

Illustration 13-14Contingent Asset Guidelines

Contingent assets are disclosed when an inflow of economic

benefits is considered more likely than not to occur (greater than

50 percent).

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Presentation of Current LiabilitiesPresentation of Current LiabilitiesPresentation of Current LiabilitiesPresentation of Current Liabilities

Penyajian Kewajiban Lancar

Biasanya dilaporkan sebesar nilai jatuh tempo penuh

(full maturity value)

Selisih antara present value dan nilai jatuh tempo

dianggap tidak material (considered immaterial).

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Presentation of Current LiabilitiesPresentation of Current LiabilitiesPresentation of Current LiabilitiesPresentation of Current Liabilities

Illustration 13-15

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Analysis of Current LiabilitiesAnalysis of Current LiabilitiesAnalysis of Current LiabilitiesAnalysis of Current Liabilities

Liquidity regarding a liability is the expected time to elapse before its payment. Two ratios to help assess liquidity are: