Matakuliah Genetika Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Matematika ...staff.unila.ac.id/priyambodo/files/2017/04/01.-1617-GA-Bahan-Genetik.pdf · Matakuliah Genetika Jurusan Biologi Fakultas

Matakuliah Genetika Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Lampung

References

and the story goes...

• Genetic material

• DNA as genetic material

• DNA and RNA

Outline

Biomolecules

DNA in a chromosome

For a molecule to serve as the genetic material, it must exhibit four crucial characteristics:

• Replication

• Storage of information

• Expression of information

• Source of variability

Genetic material

• Fred Griffith (1928)

• Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty (1944)

• Alfred Hershey dan Martha Chase (1952)

DNA as genetic material

DNA as genetic material

Fred Griffith (1928)

DNA as genetic material

Fred Griffith (1928)

DNA as genetic material

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty (1944)

DNA as genetic material

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty (1944)

DNA as genetic material

Alfred Hershey dan Martha Chase (1952)

DNA as genetic material

Alfred Hershey dan Martha Chase (1952)

DNA Structure

DNA Structure

• A research group at King's College in London, led by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, also was studying the structure of DNA by using X-ray diffraction and obtained strikingly better pictures of the molecule

• X-ray diffraction photograph by Rosalind Franklin using the B form of purified DNA fibers. The strong arcs on the periphery represent closely spaced aspects of the molecule, allowing scientists to estimate the periodicity of the nitrogenous bases, which are 3.4 Å apart. The inner cross pattern of spots reveals the grosser aspects of the molecule, indicating its helical nature.

DNA Structure

DNA Structure

Watson and Crick investigated the structure of DNA, not by collecting new data but by using all available information about the chemistry of DNA to construct molecular models

DNA Structure

DNA Structure

DNA Structure

DNA Structure

Base

Sugar

Acid

Monophosphate

Diphosphate

Triphosphate

Adenine

Guanine

Thymine

Cytosine

Uracil

Purine

Pyrimidine

Ribose, Deoxyribose

1’

2’ 3’

4’

5’

In a DNA double helix:

Adenine = Thymine

Guanine = Cytosine

So,

Adenine + Guanine = Thymine + Cytosine Purine = Pyrimidine

Chargaff’s rule

• Diketahui bahwa kandungan Adenin dari molekul DNA suatu makhluk hidup adalah 20%, tentukan kandungan Guanin, Timin dan Sitosin pada molekul DNA tersebut!

A = 20%

A = T = 20%

G + S = 100% – (20%+20%)

G + S = 60%

G = S = 30%

Aturan Chargaff

• Chromosomal DNA

• Extrachromosomal DNA

DNA in a cell

DNA & RNA

• Struktur

– Gula Pentosa

– Basa Nitrogen

• Jenis rantai

• Panjang rantai

• Lokasi

• Fungsi/Peran

Gula Pentosa

Basa Nitrogen

Rantai

Peran