Master thesis - Nord universitet · Master thesis Remi Eirik Olsen ... Grounded theory – free of experience ... AESA Radar (Simultaneous Modes) Independent Weather Radar .

Master thesisRemi Eirik Olsen

Pilot/Commander Sea King SAR helicopter

Background for the thesis Personal interest in the field – own experience

15 years as a SAR pilot w/o any mentioning of anyAircraft Coordinator-role (ACO)

As opposed to the On Scene Coordinator-role (OSC)

Colleagues that participated in Maxim Gorkij-rescue

Desire to contribute – be ready for the next ”big one”

The implementation of more specific ACO proceduresinto the IAMSAR manual from 2016

Lack of competence and knowledge by key playersand also stakeholders (?)

ACO procedures Procedures designed after Scandinavian Star and

Estonia ship disasters

Swedish, Finnish and Danish JRCC/SAR-officials

Baltic ACO manual IAMSAR 2016

Designed to increase flight safety for, and SAR efficiency from, the aerial Search and Rescue Units (SRUs) involved in large scale SAR ops/MROs

Flight safety/SAR efficiency

Theoretical perspectives Principles of High Reliability Organizations (HROs)

The Norwegian SAR system considered an HRO

Situation awareness (SA) vs High North reality

Decision making – need for information in a crisis

Improvisation

Analytical model

Methodology Qualitative methodology – descriptive research design

Grounded theory – free of experience…

Hermeneutical approach – interpretative

”Double hermeneutical” – interpreting the interpretor

Experience based hermeneutics

Methods - mixed Semistructured in-depth interviews – relevant personell

DA JRCC, RNoN, NO JRCC, NoCG, 333 Sqdn (MPA)

Participant observation – Exercise NORD 16

Audio-files – Exercise NORD 16

Document studies

IAMSAR, incident reports, White Papers, Exercise Evals. etc

Survey amongst ACO-course participants (quantitative)

DA, SW, FI, NL, LI, BE, NO, CY

E-mail interviews following Exercise NORD 16

Key findings Two possible ACOs in the Norwegian High North

NoCG ship w/helicopter control officer (HCO)

P3 Orion MPA

ACO procedures ”fit” the High North w/vast distances and prolonged transits – ”time to prepare”

High North lack of radio-, radar- and even satellitecoverage

Remedy for lack of comms knowledge based improvisation

Key findings ”Simple but complex” procedures – need for formal education,

training and exercise

Tremendous pressure on the ACOs during Exercise NORD 16

Three transmissions per minute on average

Key findings Capacity to train in the Norwegian SAR system?

The capacities are already out there training…

Large SAR exercises are inadequate

Too seldom, too few crew involved, too restricted, too”political” (show off)

Small-scale frequent SAR exercises amongst key players

Lack of formal education – gap being filled

RNoN has the will, capacity, competence and locations to formally start theoretical education

Civil-Military cooperation paramount

Operative performance –competence, training, exercise

Resulting development Exercise NORD 16

NoCG vessel ”Senja” as ACO and OSC

6 helicopters involved

(P3 Orion MPA cancelled late)

Initiative to small-scale ACO exercise

All participants positive – JRCC, NoCG, 337 Sqdn, NAOC, 330 Sqdn

SAR exercise, evacuation exercise, double hoist operation –planned but not executed due to higher prioritized mission

Full Ice Protection 30minute Run Dry Transmission

Sliding door, Crew Door & Ramp

Ground Clearance Ca. 500mm

183 cm Cabin height

3 Observation Windows

AW101-612 – KEY FEATURES

Active Vibration Attenuation (ACSR)

30minute Dry Run capability XMSNs

BERP III MRB

3 Observation Windows

Crashworthy Structure, Seats, Fuel

System

AW101-611 “CSAR” as baseline for certification

No folding MRB

Engine Configuration (3x GE CT7-8E)

New Automatic Flight Control

System*

Fully articulated Tail Rotor (NEW)

New AESA 3x Flat Panel Radar

Low maintenance workload program

* Including Hover Trim Controller (HTC)

AW101-612 – KEY FEATURES (NORWAY)

DETECTIONAESA Radar (Simultaneous Modes)

Independent Weather Radar HD Electro Optics/IR Sensor

DF & Mobile Phone Detection

TERRAIN AWARENESSHTAWS (Fully Integrated)

3 x Digital Map (Elevation Data)Integrated Synthetic Vision

Low Height System (2 x Rad Alt)Configurable S.A. Overlays

OBSTACLE DETECTIONLaser Obstacle Warning System

Obstacle Proximity LiDARIntegrated Synthetic Vision

AREA NAVIGATION3 x Integrated Digital Maps

High Integrity Navigation Suite2 x Civil GPS, Integrated RadNav

Automatic Nav. Accuracy Monitoring

Jeppesen DatabaseVFR / IFR Navigation AFCS Modes

TRAFFIC AWARENESSIntegrated TCAS II (Overlay on Map)

ADS-B Tx TransmissionsAIS Tx/Rx Capability

IFF TransponderGrowth Option for Link 16

AW101-612 – KEY SA FEATURES

SAR LAYOUT

Flexible Cabin Arrangement

Wireless Passenger & Crew Intercom

Crew Galley & Relief Facilities

Rear Ramp Stowage Area

Adjustable, Rotating & Traversing Crew

Seats

Flexible / Adaptable Medical Rail System

Wet Storage Adjacent to Rescue Station

Stretcher Compatibility with Ground Ambulance

Dedicated System Operator Console

Area

Dual Trauma Station (Gas & Air Provisions)

AW101-612 – KEY CABIN FEATURES

LANDING FOOTPRINT Sea King AW101

Overall Length (rotors turning) 22.15 m 22.83 m

Overall Width (rotors turning) 18.90 m 18.60 m

Main rotor tip clearance 3.69 m 4.11 m

AW101 – 15,6 MGW (AGW 16t) Sea King – 9,7 MGW

AW101-612 – KEY SIZE FEATURES

RANGE AND CAPACITYCOMPARISON

KEY REQUIREMENTS

Req: Must be able to assist two people at the far perimeter of the Norwegian SSR (350-400 nm) with better effect than today. No time limits.

Assist persons in distress on land and in inaccessible

terrain.

Req: Capacity to rescue 20 persons in distress at sea within a range of 150 nautical miles at any point directly out from the straight baseline within two hours and return to a safe place on land

AW101 RoA 2 rescuees. >310nm

AW101 RoA 20 rescuees >250 nm

Sea King RoA20 rescuees~ 53 nm

Sea King RoA2 rescues ~ 210+ nm

2020?

IMPLEMENTERING AW101

Thank you for the attention