Master Notes

Master Notes

• Copy down the master notes into a spiral notebook

• If you did the first set of master notes continue where you left off

• Leave a space for maps and cut out the maps and glue them into the notebook

• At the end write a summary on the topics provided

Locate the Political Area

Saudi Arabia

Iran

Turkey

IraqIsrael Afghanistan

Locate the Physical Location

Suez Canal

Arabian Sea

Persian Gulf

Strait of Hormuz

Red Sea

Euphrates Tigris River River

Jordan River

Gaza Strip

Environmental Issues: Water Supply

• Aquifer – An underground water supply filled by rains• Reservoir – Man made lake • Dam – Holds back water creates reservoir• Fossil Water – Water that is underground for

thousands of years.• Drip Irrigation – Drop the exact amount of water on

each planet (expensive).• Desalination – The process of removing salt from salt

water.

Distribution of water• Not every country in the Middle East has access to clean

drinking water.Water Wars• Countries that block access to water and rivers result in wars.Water Pollution• Some water is heavily polluted due to

– Chemical fertilizer – farms use chemicals that wash into drinking water.

– Human waste – waste from people is washed into the drinking water (causing sickness)

– Industrial waste – Companies dump toxins in water causing illness and death.

Oil in the Middle East

The Middle East has lots of oilSome countries have lots of oil and natural gas

Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, KuwaitSome countries do not have oil

AfghanistanCountries with oil are wealthy from oilCountries without oil are not wealthy with oilWealth is not distributed (shared evenly)

Judaism

• Started by Abraham 3500 years ago• Monotheistic (one god)• Torah (holy book)• Synagogue (place of worship)• Rabbi (religious leader)• Kosher (dietary rules/don’t eat pork)• Jerusalem (Holy city)

Christianity

• Started by Jesus 2000 years ago• Monotheistic (one god)• Bible (holy book)• Church (place of worship)• Minister/Priest (religious leader)• Jerusalem (holy city)

Islam

• Started by Muhammad 1400 years ago• Monotheistic (one god)• Koran/Quran (holy book)• Mosque (place of worship)• Imam/Caliph (religious leader)• Mecca/Jersalem (holy city)• 5 pillars (rules for all Muslims)• Dietary rules (can’t eat pork, shell fish etc.)

Sunni and Shia

• Disagreement over leadership of Islam• Sunni – want to vote for the leader– Choose the most qualified

• Shia– Want to leader to be related to Muhammad– Choose a relative of Muhammad

Ethnic GroupsEthnic groups – A group of people with similar ethnic background (what group you belong to)Religious Groups – A group of people with similar religious beliefs. • Arabs– Largest ethnic group in the Middle East

• Persians– Second largest ethnic group– From the area around Iran

• Kurds– From the mountainous areas

Literacy Rate and GDP

• Literacy Rate – The amount of people who can read and write

• GDP – Gross domestic product – How much money a country has

• High GDP = High Literacy Rate(more $ = education)

• Low GDP = Low Literacy Rate (less $ = less education)

U.S. Involvement in Southwest Asia (Middle East)

• U.S. has political and economic involvement in Middle East.–Oil–Involved in breakup of Ottoman

Empire–Creation of Israel in 1948 and

supporting Israel

Persian Gulf War

• Saddam Hussein Iraqi president invades Kuwait in 1990

• Wants to control oil reserves in Kuwait• Kuwait asks the UN for help • 1991 US and UN coalition attack Iraqi

forces in Operation Desert Storm

Persian Gulf War

• Creates an environmental disaster• Blows up oil wells as Iraqi army retreats• Iraq leaves Kuwait and returns to Iraq• UN imposes WMD (Weapons of Mass

Destruction) inspectors in Iraq

9/11 & War on Terrorism

• U.S. involvement in Middle East is not welcomed by some

• Osama Bin Laden and Al-Qaeda want U.S. removed from the Middle East

• Use terrorism as a tool to fight back

9/11 & War on Terrorism

• September 11, 2001 – 4 airliners are high jacked by terrorist and flown into both World Trade Centers, Pentagon and last one crashes in Pennsylvania

• Bin Laden and Al Qaeda take responsibility.

Invasion of Afghanistan

• 2001 U.S. invades Afghanistan to fight Al Qaeda and Bin Laden

• Taliban government in Afghanistan is a safe haven for terrorists

• U.S. takes over country to break up terrorist networks

• Operation Enduring Freedom

War in Afghanistan

• Installs a democracy in the nation• US locates and US Seal Team 6 kills Osama

Bin laden in May 2011 in Pakistan• The war continues today

Iraq War

• 2003 U.S. intelligence believes that Iraq is creating WMD’s (weapons of mass destruction)

• Bush starts Operation Iraqi Freedom• WMD’s are not found

Iraq War

• Saddam Hussein is found and tried for crimes against humanity

• Found guilty of murdering his own people (Kurds and Shia Muslims)

• Executed by the new democratic government in Iraqi government

Government Systems

• Unitary • Government holds all the power

• Local gov/state have some power

• Some have local officials who are elected to office

• Examples; monarchy such as Saudi Arabia

Central Gov’t

LocalGov’t

LocalGov’t

LocalGov’t

LocalGov’t

• Confederation • Local government has the power and shares it with the federal government.

• Central government only has the power the local government is willing to give.

• Examples of confederation; League of Arab States or (OPEC)

Central Gov’t

LocalGov’t

LocalGov’t

LocalGov’t

LocalGov’t

• Federal • Power is shared among different levels of government

• Power is in the Federal government and state/local government is given power

• Example; Israel

Central Gov’t

LocalGov’t

LocalGov’t

LocalGov’t

LocalGov’t

Citizen Participation• Autocratic Government

• Oligarchy

• Theocracy

• Monarchy

• Democracy

• One person has all of the power

• A group of people have all the power• The religion controls the government

(Iran)• One man usually king has all the

power. Form of autocracy (Saudi Arabia

• The people choose their leader (Israel & Turkey)

Forms of Democracy• Presidential

• Parliamentary

• Elected directly by the people• (United States)

• Prime Minister Elected by the legislature• The legislature

elected by the people(Israel, Turkey)

People

Prime Minister

Legislature

People

President

Vote

Vote

Vote

Economic System• Traditional Economy

• Command Economy

• Market Economy

• MixedEconomy

• Controlled by customs and habits – trade and barter– Tradition controls what to make and for whom

• The government controls the economy – the government tells what to make how and for whom.

– The gov’t controls what to make and for whom• The Market controls economy –

– Market controls what to make and for whom• Mixed Economy – A mix between Market and

Command

Trade Barriers – anything that is a barrier to trade

Quota

Embargo

Tariff

• Set an amount of goods to be produced

• To refuse to trade or do business with another country

• To place an additional tax or good on products coming into the country

Terms• OPEC

• Human Capital

• Entrepreneur

• Specialization

• A group of oil countries that controls the price and distribution of oil

• The value of people• A person who starts businesses

• When a person, business is good at one particular thing

Africa Geography

EGYPT

Sudan

South Sudan

Kenya

Nigeria

South Africa

DemocraticRepublic ofThe Congo

Africa Geography

Environmental IssuesClean Water – Much of the water is not clean/ contaminated because of;– Fertilizers, human & industrial waste, animal

wasteAswan High Dam – Blocks the Nile R. in EgyptPro - Good– Provides year round irrigation– Produces Electricity

Con - Bad– Stops silt for farming– Farmers use harmful fertilizers

• Niger River – Transportation Route and food source– Oil is being dumped in from oil riggs

• Deforestation – Cutting down the forests– Area never grows back – extinction of wildlife

• Desertification – Destroying vegetation along the Sahara increase its size, causing famine and starvation

People of Africa• Arabs – Spread from Middle East to North Africa.

– Read and speak Arabic– Trades spread Islam below Sahara Desert– Holy book – Quran, God – Allah, Founder – Muhammad

• Ashanti – Found in Ghana– Kingdom founded by man who made a golden stool– Believe in Supreme god called Nayme– Nayme’s children make up natural powers/forces– Believe in witches, demons, spirits and fairies– Worship ancestors

• Bantu – Migrated from south of Sahara Desert– Represent 100s of languages– Intermarried and spread culture all over Africa– Many are Christians and Animists (Spirits found in nature)

• Swahili – Mix of East Africans and Persian traders– Many are Muslims– Found in Tanzania, Kenya, Mozambique– Means “one who lives by the coast”

Ethnic Group and Religious

Ethnic groups – A group of people with similar ethnic background (what group you belong to)Religious Groups – A group of people with similar religious beliefs.

Imperialism in Africa• Europeans first come to Africa for slaves• Scramble for Africa - After slavery became illegal they found other

resources; Cheap Labor, Gold, diamonds, lumber, ivory, peanuts, palm oil etc.

• Colonize Africa – Took it over and forced the nation to serve there own

• They create cities, railroads, schools, • Berlin Conference – European nation meet to decide how to share

Africa, NO Africans were there. • WWII – Africa helps with the war and nations want independence.• Europeans give it to them because they are broke, and lack ability to

rule.• WWII – Africa helps with the war and nations want independence.• Europeans give it to them because they are broke, and lack ability

to rule.

South Africa• Pan Africanism – Africa run by Africans.

• South Africa is run by white South Africans under British rule.

• Gained independence in 1948• They remain in power after South Africa gains its

independence from Great Britain.• Apartheid – Separation of races - Blacks are given few rights• African National Congress- created to fight for rights for

blacks in South Africa with the leadership of Nelson Mandela

• Mandela went to prison for 27 years• F.W. Deklerk ends Apartheid and frees Mandela• Mandela becomes first black president of South Africa

Kenya

• Became a colony of Great Britain • there was a violent resulting in tens of

thousands of deaths. • Kenyans wanted the right to vote and run

their own government.• Kenya finally becomes independent in

1963• Joseph Kenyatta becomes the first black

president of Kenya

Nigeria• Nigeria a colony of Great Britain• Gained independence in 1960• Christians and Muslim leaders work together

for independence• Nigerians control government for themselves• Civil war broke out between the Christian south

and the Muslim north. • The religious war left many thousands dead or

injured

Problems for New African Countries• Partitioning of Africa was done by

Europeans• When new independent counties

were formed they were colonial boundaries• Grouped together ethnic groups that

did not like each other• Split apart ethnic groups that should

be in one country

Problems for New Governments• Poor education• Poor health care• Poor people• Civil Wars• Diseases• Poor transportation systems• No money

Economic System• Traditional Economy

• Command Economy

• Market Economy

• MixedEconomy

• Controlled by customs and habits – trade and barter– Tradition controls what to make and for whom

• The government controls the economy – the government tells what to make how and for whom.

– The gov’t controls what to make and for whom• The Market controls economy –

– Market controls what to make and for whom• Mixed Economy – A mix between Market and

Command

Trade Barriers – anything that is a barrier to trade

Quota

Embargo

Tariff

• Set an amount of goods to be produced

• To refuse to trade or do business with another country

• To place an additional tax or good on products coming into the country

Economy of Africa• Nigeria – Market Economy– Weak but growing economy– Know for Petrochemicals (oil)– Low standard of living– Government corruption hurts the economy

• South Africa – Market Economy– Strong economy– Known for platinum, gold, diamonds.– Large industry, automotive, textiles, iron, steel,

chemicals and fertilizers.– High standard of living

Citizen Participation• Autocratic

Government

• Oligarchy

• Theocracy

• Monarchy

• Democracy

• One person has all of the power

• A group of people have all the power• The religion controls the government

(Iran)

• One man usually king has all the power. Form of autocracy (Saudi Arabia

• The people choose their leader (Israel & Turkey)

Government of KenyaCountry Type of

GovernmentHead of State Who Can

VoteDegree of Personal freedom

Year of Independence from colonial Rule

Republic of Kenya

Republic, with 1 house legislature called National Assembly

President lead Kenyan African National Union (KANU) political party

All citizens 18 years of age or older can vote

Freedoms are written into the constitution but government is dominated by the president. There have been improvements in citizen’s rights in recent years thought

Kenya became independent from Great Britain in 1963

Government of South AfricaCountry Type of

GovernmentHead of State Who Can

VoteDegree of Personal Freedom for Citizens

Year of Independence from Colonial Rule

Republic of South Africa

Republic, with a 2 house National Assembly

President elected by the National Assembly

All citizens 18 years of age or older can vote.

Personal freedoms are numerous Apartheid (legal separation of the races) has ended. Literacy rates are high.

South Africa became independent from Great Britain in 1910. The racially segregated government ended in 1994, when majority rule was established.

Government of SudanCountry Type of

GovernmentHead of State Who Can

VoteDegree of Personal Freedom

Year of Independence from Colonial Rule

Republic of Sudan

A government of national unity was formed with a National Legislature. The government is dominated by the National Congress Party however.

President and Head of State lead the National Congress Party.

All citizens 17 year of age or older can vote.

Citizens of Sudan have few real constitutional freedoms unless they are associated with the National Congress Party. Most government positions are appointed. Elections are supposed to be held in the future.

Sudan became indpendent of Egypt and Great Britain in 1956.

Geography of Asia

Indus River

Ganges River

Huange He River

Yangtze River

Mekong River

Indian Ocean

Sea of Japan

South China Sea

Bay of Bengal

Geography of Asia

China

North Korea

South Korea

Japan

India

Vietnam

Indonesia

Pakistan

Mongolia

Russia

Environmental Issues• Asian Brown Cloud (Air Pollution)

– Produced from factories, automobiles, open fires etc. Causes respiratory disease.• Water Pollution – Caused from

industrial, chemical, human, animal waste in rivers.

Ethnic Group and Religious

Ethnic groups – A group of people with similar ethnic background (what group you belong to)Religious Groups – A group of people with similar religious beliefs.

Religions of AsiaReligion Started by # of Gods Name of God Books Rules

Hinduism Aryans 1500BC

Polytheism Brahman (main god)Thousands of other gods

Vedas Caste System determines social structure

Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)

1 Buddha Tipitaka Middle Way & Eight Noble Truth

Islam Muhammed 7th Century

1 Alah Quran Five Pillars of Islam

Shinto 500 BC Polytheism Kami Kojiki Respect of Ancestors

Confucianism Confucius 550BC

NAPhilosophy

NA Analects Golden Rule

History of India• Controlled by the British – wanted resources

and labor for empire• Two groups formed to remove British– Indian National Congress– Muslim League

• After WWI Indian’s protested for rights• Rowlatt Act – arrest protestors• Mohandas Gandhi – Lawyer & Holy man– Used Civil Disobedience

• After WII Britain let India go– India split into India, Pakistan

History Vietnam• 1900’s French control country• Nationalism forces out French• Communism in North, Capitalist in

South• U.S. comes in to help South• North led by Ho Chi Minh• 1975 U.S. leaves and Vietnam is

unified under Communist North

History of Japan• WII Japan invades most of Asia• Attack U.S. at Pearl Harbor• U.S. fights Japan WII• Atomic bomb on Hiroshima and

Nagasaki• Japan Surrenders• U.S. sets up Democracy in Japan

created by General Douglass MacArthur

History of China• China was controlled by the British• Britain leaves• Two Governments–Nationalists, Kuomintang, Chaing Ki

Shek–Communists, CCP, Mao Zedong

• Civil War• Nationalists lose and flea to Taiwan• China becomes the People’s Republic of

China

China and Mao• Mao takes over China• Reorganizes the people into collectives• Great leap forward – forces people to produce steal• 50+ million die from starvation• Cultural Revolution - Uses Red Guard to keep

population in line• Mao Dies – Deng Xiaoping new leader• Roles back of the harsh laws• Tiananmen Square– Students protest for more freedom– Government responds by attacking students

History Korea• North = Communist, pro Russia, China• South = Capitalist Democracy, pro U.S. & Europe• Country divided between N & S• North Korea attacks the south• U.S. helps South Korea• Push North Back to border of China• China attacks, war splits country in 2 at the 38th

parallel• North Korea is back at the

Governments of AsiaType of Government

Who Votes Role of Religion Design of Government

Japan Constitutional Monarchy

All Citizens 20 years old or older

No direct role; the government is considered secular

Elected parliament (the Diet) and a prime minister chosen by the Diet member

China Communist Party

All citizens over the age of 18

Religion is not encouraged by the Chinese government

National People’s Congress with leaders chosen by the congress

India Democratic Party

All citizens over the age of 18

India is a secular government

Elected parliament with a prime minister chosen from the majority party

Economic Systems

• China – Communist – becoming capitalist• India – Mixed Economy – government control• Japan – Mixed Economy – less gov control

Reflection/Summary Middle East

• In your notebook write a reflection / summary of one of the following topics (3 paragraphs minimum)– Environmental Issues of Middle East– History of Middle East– Economic and Government Systems of Middle East

Reflection/Summary Africa

• In your notebook write a reflection / summary of one of the following topics (3 paragraphs minimum)– Environmental Issues of Africa– History of Africa– Economic and Government Systems of Africa

Reflection/Summary Asia

• In your notebook write a reflection / summary of one of the following topics (3 paragraphs minimum)– Environmental Issues of Asia– History of Asia– Economic and Government Systems of Asia