Massive traumatic bleeding: The multi-factorial complex nature of Institute of Thrombosis Hemostasis and The National Hemophilia Center, Sheba medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Uri Martinowitz MD Uri Martinowitz MD Member, Hemorrhage Control Steering Committee , The U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command USAMARC, The Combat Casualty Care Research Program CCRP
32
Embed
Massive traumatic bleeding: The multi-factorial complex nature of Institute of Thrombosis Hemostasis and The National Hemophilia Center, Sheba medical.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Massive traumatic bleeding:
The multi-factorial complex nature of
Institute of Thrombosis Hemostasis and The National Hemophilia Center, Sheba medical Center, Tel Hashomer,
Uri Martinowitz MDUri Martinowitz MD
Member, Hemorrhage Control Steering Committee , The U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command USAMARC, The Combat Casualty Care
Research Program CCRP
MILITARY TRAUMA
CNS-KIA31%
MULTI-KIA13% MOF-DOW 4%
CNS-DOW5%
SHOCK-DOW 3%
EXSANG-KIAEXSANG-KIA44%44%
KIA – killed in action; DOW KIA – killed in action; DOW – died of wound; MOF – – died of wound; MOF – multiple organ failure.multiple organ failure.
WDMET Vietnam war WDMET Vietnam war 1967–1969; 8000 1967–1969; 8000 CASUALTIESCASUALTIES. .
CNS 42%
EXSANGEXSANG39%39%
CNS + EXSANG6%
MOF 7%Other 6%
Sauaia A et al. Sauaia A et al. J Trauma.J Trauma. 1995; 1995;38:185-19338:185-193.
Coagulopathy is underestimated -we only see the tip of the iceberg
Acidosis
hypothermia
platelets dysfunction
fibrinolysis
Hemodilutio
n
Anemia
Consumption
Lag time of 45-60 min. to results
Fibrinogen dysfunction
1111
1212
1313
1414
1515
1616
1717
2626 2828 3030 3232 3434 3636 3838 4040 4242
Temperature (°C)Temperature (Temperature (°°CC))
PT (S
ec)
PT (S
ec)
PT (S
ec)
3434
3939
4444
4949
5454
5959
2626 2828 3030 3232 3434 3636 3838 4040 4242
Temperature (°C)Temperature (Temperature (°°C)C)PT
T (Se
c)
PTT (
Sec
PTT (
Sec
))Rohrer MJ, Crit Care Med 1992Rohrer MJ, Crit Care Med 1992..Rohrer MJ, Crit Care Med 1992Rohrer MJ, Crit Care Med 1992..
Hypothermic coagulopathy is underestimated
Coagulation tests are performed in test tubes at 37°C
Coagulation process is taking place on cell membranes
in body temperature of the patient
Effect of temp. on PT and PTT
The effect of temp. on platelets function is not assessed
Time [sec]
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Coagulation
Fluid
Time [sec]
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Clot
Time [sec]
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
FluidFibrinolysis
Time [sec]
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Clo
t fo
rma
tion
Benni Sorensen 2008 with permission
Standard coagulation test are of limited valueStandard coagulation test are of limited value
they only detect initiation of clot formation
PT/PTT
TT,ACT
Thromboelastography -real time clot analysis
clotting time [sec]clot formation time [sec]
ma
xim
um
clo
t firm
ne
ss
fibrinolysis
clo
t fi
rmn
ess
time
blood activators
Continuous registration of clot firmness
Fibrinogen function
Platelets function
Thrombin Generation measurement
1.Lag time
2.Pick height
3.ETP-Endogenous thrombin potential (area under curve)
1
3
2
Research tool ,not a real time test, commercial kits are developed
Routine coagulation tests
Surgicalhemostasis
Reversal ofacidosis ?. Inhibition of
rVIIa. Platelets and Fib. may be
needed
Inhibitionof
fibrinolysis
Avoidanceof massive
Fluidresuscitatio
n
Hemostaticbandage
sand glues
Preventionand correction
of hypothermia
(not a limitingfactor for
rFVIIa)
Threshold of Hb? Age of blood?
Early FFP 1:1 RBC:FFP
Instead 1-4/6
Platelets(goal:
>100,000)rFVIIa
Hemostatic resuscitation of traumatic coagulopathy
1:1:1:1
fibrinogen(goal >1g/L
? >4g/L
***
The blood bank: from (problematic) provider to partner in massively bleeding patients
Pär I. Johansson, Transfusion 2007 Aug. 47:176-181s (Anesth.+transfus
Early hemostatic rescusitation
Pro-hemostatic agents :
Extra-vascular (surgical):
● Fibrin glues ● New hemostatic polymers Intravascular - ● Fibrinolytic / proteolytic inhibitors ● Coagulation factors (cryo, FFP) and platelets ● Coagulation factor concentrates PCC, APCC, fibrinogrn FXIII , platelets substitutes ● DDAVP … ● New generation of Injury-specific hemostatic agents . (rFVIIa, Xa / PL, pdVIIa/Xa ,mutants rFVIIa)
ConclusionCoagulopathy is common in major trauma, its Coagulopathy is common in major trauma, its severity correlates with bleeding and mortalityseverity correlates with bleeding and mortality
Hypothermia , acidosis, hemodilution are Hypothermia , acidosis, hemodilution are important confounders of the coagulation important confounders of the coagulation processprocess
Hyperfibrinolysis is underestimatedHyperfibrinolysis is underestimated
Fibrinogen depletes early in severe trauma Fibrinogen depletes early in severe trauma
Standard coagulation test are of limited valueStandard coagulation test are of limited value
Thrombelastography could be helpful in Thrombelastography could be helpful in detecting coagulopathy and monitor treatmentdetecting coagulopathy and monitor treatment
• Overview of rFVIIa
Thank you for your participation,I hope it was usefull