Maseral (Marlies Teichmuller)

GENESA BATUBARA DITINJAU DARI PETROLOGI BATUBARA

(The genesis of coal from viewpoint of coal petrology)

by :

Marlies Teichmüller

Group Maceral Characteristics

Vitrinite telinite telo-

kollinite detro-

corpocollinitevitrodetrinite

cell walls tissue

amorphous (gel or gelified detritus)cell fillingsdetritus

Liptinite sporinitecutinitesuberinitefluoriniteresinitealginitebituminitechlorophylliniteliptodetriniteexsudatinite

spores, pollencuticlessuberinized cell walls (cork)plant oilsresins, waxes, latexalgaeamorphous (bacterial, algal, faunal)chlorophylldetritussecondary exudates

Inertinite fusinitesemifusinitesclerotinitemacriniteinertodetrinitemicrinit

cell walls (charred, oxydized)cell walls (partly charred, oxydized)fungal cell wallsamorphous gel (oxydized, metabolic)detritussecondary relic of oil generation (mainlay)

A. Origin of macerals

Clasification of maceral groups and macerals

1. Genesa huminit dan vitrinit (Genesis of huminites/vitrinites) Huminit/vitrinit berasal dari liginin, selulosa dan tanin.

Humification is the main process during the peat stage. It is caused by oxidation and by microbial activity

2. Genesa liptinit (Genesis of liptinites) Liptinit berasal dari tumbuhan yang kaya hidrogen seperti alga dan merupakan produk dekomposisi (Derived from hydrogen-rich plant organs as well as algal and bacterial substances and decomposition products)

3. Genesa inertinit (Genesis of inertinites) Karakteristik inertinit : reflektan tinggi, fluorenscence kecil, kandungan karbon tinggi, hidrogen rendah, aromatisasi kuat (Characteristic of inertinites, such as high reflectance, little fluorescence, high carbon and low hydrogen and low aromatization)

B. Origin of coal facies (microlithotypes and lithotypes)

1. Klasifikasi fasies batubara brown (brown coal) sbb : (clasification of facies brown coal)

a. Cannel dan boghead, sapropilic coal adalah mud deposite subaquatic. b. Mikrolitotipe kaya huminit/vitrinit c. Mikrolitotipe kaya inertinit, khususnya fusinit, semifusinit dan makrinit

2. Pengaruh lingkungan deposit (palaeogeografi) (Influence of depositional (palaeographic) environment

Klasifikasi lingkungan pembentukan peat delta (Styan dan Bustin,1983) a. Pembentukan peat delta bagian bawah (kaya sulfur dan sedimen klastik) b. Pembentukan peat antara delta bawah dan atas (kaya clay, silt dan sulfur) c. Pembentukan peat bagian atas (sedikit mineral klastik dan sulfur)

3. Pengaruh ilkim, vegetasi dan ketersediaan air (Influence of climate, vegetation and water supply)

Klasifikasi deposit batubara : a. Carboneferous hard coal Euramerica b. Gondwana coal (peat iklim dingin) c. Brown coal tersier German dan Australia d. Batubara light layer pada brown coal tersier

4. Penurunan fasies batubara dan pengaruh ketersediaan makanan (eutropic-oligotropic) (Vertical succession of facies and influence of nutrient supply)

5. Pengaruh keasaman, air laut dan kondisi calcareous (Influence acidity, marine and calcareous)

6. Pengaruh kebakaran (fires) (Influence of fires)

Klasifikasi mikrolitotipe utama, komposisi maseral dan lithotipe utama

Mikrolitotipe utama(mikroskopik)

Unsur pokok(mikroskopik)

Lithotipe utama(megaskopik)

VitriniteClarite

DuriteVitrinertite

Trimacerit

InertiteLiptiteFusite, semifusiniteInertodetriteCarbargilite

viitrinitevitrinite, liptinite

inertinite, liptinitevitrinite, inertinite

vitrinite, liptinite, inertinite

inertiniteliptinitefusinite, semifusiniteinertodetrinitecoal+clay mineral

bright coalsemi-bright, dull coal(dull if much liptinite)

dull coalbright, dull coal(dull if much inertinite)

mostly dull coal

dull coaldull coalfusain layer, dull coaldull coalclay parting

Hubungan phase microspore dg microlithotype batubara carboniferous (Smith, 1986)

TERIMA KASIHTHANK YOU

Maceral grup huminite menurut ICCP sistem 1994

Maceral grup vitrinit menurut ICCP sistem 1994

Maceral grup inertinite menurut ICCP sistem 1994

TimeTemperature

Pressure

Wood

Peat

Lignite

Bituminous

Subbituminous

Anthracite

Rank StagesSource of plants:- Allochtonous- Autochtonous

COAL FORMATION

Factors affecting the characteristics of coal seams

• Type of deposition autochtonous, allochtonous

• Peat-forming plant communities

• Depositional environment telmatic/terrestrial, limnic/subaquatic

• Nutrient Supply eutrophic, mesotrophic, oligotrophic

• Acidity, bacterial activity, sulfur suplay

• Temperature

• Redox potential Eh

Lithotype• Lithotype

– macroscopically recognizable bands of coal seams

For bituminous coal:Coal Type Lithotype Macroscopically recognizable feature

Humic Coal

Vitrain bright, black, usually, brittle, frequently with fissures

Clarain semi-bright, black, very finely stratified

Durain dull, black/grey-black, hard, rough surface

Fusain

(mineral charcoal)

silky lustre, black, fibrous, soft, quite friable

Sapropelic Coal

Cannel Coal dull/slight greasy lustre, black, homogenous, unstratified, very hard, conchoidal fracture, black streak

Boghead Coal like cannel coal but brownish, brown streak