MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. “LETTER FROM BIRMINGHAM JAIL” PHIL 102 UBC Christina Hendricks Except images licensed otherwise, this presentation is licensed CC BY 4.0
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MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.“LETTER FROM BIRMINGHAM JAIL”PHIL 102UBCChristina Hendricks
Except images licensed otherwise, this presentation is licensed CC BY 4.0
What is civil disobedience?Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
on common features
Breaking the law, with:
• Conscientiousness• Communication• Willingness to accept punishment
• Publicity (not all agree)• Non-violence (not all agree) Ghandi on Salt March, 1930, public domain on
Wikimedia Commons
Segregation in the U.S., 20th century
Bus station in North Carolina, public domain on Wikimedia Commons
Segregated drinking fountain in North Carolina, public domain on Wikimedia Commons
Segregation in education
Educational segregation in U.S. before 1954, by King of Hearts, Wikimedia Commons, licensed CC BY-SA 3.0
National Guard escorting “Little Rock Nine” into high school in Arkansas, public domain on Wikimedia Commons
Civil rights movement (starting 1954)
Rosa Parks in 1955, public domain on Wikimedia Commons
Albany Movement Historical Marker, by Michael Rivera, Wikimedia Commons, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
Birmingham, March on Washington, Civil Rights Act
King, Shuttlesworth, Abernathy, press conference 1963 in Birmingham, Flickr photo shared by US Embassy The Hague, licensed CC BY-ND 2.0
March on Washington Aug. 28, 1963, public domain on Wikimedia Commons
Signing Civil Rights Act, July 1964, public domain on Wikimedia Commons
Brief return to Socrates, in CritoWhat argument did he give for why it would be wrong to break the law and escape from jail?
• Those who live in a state they could have left are making a just agreement to follow the laws
• Under that agreement, they can either obey the laws or try to change them, not break them
• Breaking the laws violates a just agreement and causes harm
How?
Statement of Alabama Clergymen
•Engage in negotiations•Press issues in courts, not streets
•Observe principles of law
When is civil disobed. permissible?
MLK Jr, in “Letter”• Nonviolence, accept punishment, communication
• Four steps:
Collect evidence Negotiation Self-
purificationDirect action
Lasting change
When is civil disobed. permissible?
Just & unjust laws
Moral rules
Just lawsUnjust laws
How determine these?
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