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Mars Science Laboratory ‘Curiosity’

ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) To be launched in 2016 A key goal of this mission is to gain a better understanding of methane and other atmospheric gases that are present in small concentrations (less than 1% of the atmosphere) but nevertheless could be evidence for possible biological or geological activity. NOMAD – Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery A spectrometer suite, covering a wide range of wavelengths (including infrared to ultraviolet), to identify the components of the Martian atmosphere. ACS– Atmospheric Chemistry Suite This suite of three infrared instruments will help scientists to investigate the chemistry and structure of the Martian atmosphere. ACS will complement NOMAD by extending the coverage at infrared wavelengths, and by taking images of the Sun to better analyse the solar occultation data. CaSSIS – Colour and Stereo Surface Imaging System A high resolution camera (5 metres per pixel) capable of obtaining colour and stereo images over a wide swathe. CaSSIS will provide the geological and dynamical context for sources or sinks of trace gases detected by NOMAD and ACS. FREND – Fine Resolution Epithermal Neutron Detector This neutron detector will be used to map the presence of hydrogen on the Martian surface, targeting deposits of near-surface water ice.

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