MARMARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ TEKNOLOJİ FAKÜLTESİ Abdullah DEMİR, Yrd. Doç. Dr. • Automotive Software Systems • Software Architectures for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) • The Intelligent Automated Vehicle: the Last IoT Node • Araçlardaki Mobil Uygulamalara Örnekler
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MARMARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ TEKNOLOJİ FAKÜLTESİ
Abdullah DEMİR, Yrd. Doç. Dr.
• Automotive Software Systems
• Software Architectures for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)
• The Intelligent Automated Vehicle: the Last IoT Node
• Araçlardaki Mobil Uygulamalara Örnekler
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_rate_units
HATIRLATMA The ISQ symbols for the bit and byte are bit and B, respectively. In the context of
data rate units, one byte consists of 8 bits, and is synonymous with the unit octet.
The abbreviation bps is often used to mean bit/s, so that when a 1 Mbps connection
is advertised, it usually means that the maximum achievable bandwidth is 1 Mbit/s
(one million bits per second), which is 0.125 MB/s (megabyte per second), or about
0.1192 MiB/s (mebibyte per second). The Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers (IEEE) uses the symbol b for bit.
Kilobit per second
kilobit per second (symbol kbit/s or kb/s, often abbreviated "Kbps") is a unit of
data transfer rate equal to:
1,000 bits per second
125 bytes per second
Megabit per second
megabit per second (symbol Mbit/s or Mb/s, often abbreviated "Mbps") is a unit of
data transfer rate equal to:
1,000,000 bits per second
1,000 kilobit per second
125,000 bytes per second
125 kilobytes per second
The International System of Quantities (ISQ)
SAE.ORG, Next-gen electronic controls: Open source, scalable and integrated; 19-Apr-2016 04
Tony Cooprider, Senior Technical Leader
for Ford Motor Co. “Twenty-five years
ago, 75% of the vehicle value was
mechanical, 22% was electronics and
there was a sliver of software. Software
has grown to 18%, electronics is now
about a third and about half is
mechanical parts.”
“We need to consolidate what we’ve
distributed, we want to reduce the
number of controllers in a car,” said
Michael Groene, Director of Global
Software Engineering at Delphi
Automotive.
• How many lines of code in a:
– F-22 Raptor:
– Average new Ford:
1.7 million
10 million
Noah Goodall, VDOT’s Connected Vehicle Program, Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation and Research, ASHE Old Dominion Section Meeting, June 13, 2013
Modern Vehicles – Very Sophisticated
Lines Of Code: Kod Satırı
Computerized Measurement
• Speed
• Heading (rota, yön)
• Acceleration (lateral, longitudinal, vertical)
• Position (from GPS)
• Other diagnostics
Wipers on/off
Braking status
Tire pressure
Steering wheel angle
Headlights on/off
Turn signals on/off
Rain sensors
Stability control
Noah Goodall, VDOT’s Connected Vehicle Program, Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation and Research, ASHE Old Dominion Section Meeting, June 13, 2013
Kia
Kia
• Seri iletişim
• Paralel iletişim
Not: Paralel devrede 2 farklı sinyal için 2 kablo kullanılırken seri
devrede bir kablo üzerinden 2 ayrı sinyal gönderilir.
Kia
Ağ Tasarımları
ECU’lar aralarında bilgi alışverişi yapabilmek için
birbirlerine bağlanırlar.
ECU’lar arasında 3 tip bağlantı vardır.
• Çember/Halka
• Yıldız
• Otobüs/Bus
Kia
Bu tip bağlantıda ECU’lar
sinyal gönderir ve gönderdiği
sinyal tekrar kendisine gelir.
Kia
Bu tip bağlantıda merkezde bir ana
ECU vardır. Diğer ECU’lar ana ECU
üzerinden birbirine bağlanırlar.
Kia
Bu tip bağlantıda ECU’lar ortak iletişim
kablosuyla birbirine bağlıdır. Ortak
iletişim kablosu üzerinden data/veri
transferi oluşur.
Kia
Kia
İletişim Hızına Göre Sınıflandırma
Kia
İletişim Hızına Göre Sınıflandırma
Introduction to Automotive
Software Systems 2IN60: Real-time Architectures (for automotive systems)
ISO 9141-2. This protocol has an asynchronous serial data rate of
10.4 kBaud. It is somewhat similar to RS-232; however, the signal
levels are different, and communications happens on a single,
bidirectional line without additional handshake signals. ISO 9141-2 is
primarily used in Chrysler, European, and Asian vehicles.
ISO 14230 KWP2000 (Keyword Protocol 2000)
ISO 15765 CAN (250 kBit/s or 500 kBit/s). The CAN protocol was
developed by Bosch for automotive and industrial control. Unlike other
OBD protocols, variants are widely use outside of the automotive
industry. While it did not meet the OBD-II requirements for U.S.
vehicles prior to 2003, as of 2008 all vehicles sold in the US are
required to implement CAN as one of their signaling protocols.
Software Architectures
for
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)
Robert Leibinger, Software Architectures for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), Elektrobit Automotive GmbH, July 7th, 2015
Robert Leibinger, Software Architectures for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), Elektrobit Automotive GmbH, July 7th, 2015
Robert Leibinger, Software Architectures for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), Elektrobit Automotive GmbH, July 7th, 2015
Power Consumption within BMW cars
Max. power consumption limits the number of ECUs
Robert Leibinger, Software Architectures for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), Elektrobit Automotive GmbH, July 7th, 2015
Rising Quota of Multicore deliveries at Volkswagen
Ramp up: Desteklemek yada güçlendirmek
Multicore usage ramps up (e.g. Powertrain).
ADAS will speed this up.
Robert Leibinger, Software Architectures for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), Elektrobit Automotive GmbH, July 7th, 2015
There is a very basic and helpful definition for a safe
system:
“You know what the system
does”
Robert Leibinger, Software Architectures for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), Elektrobit Automotive GmbH, July 7th, 2015
System Architecture
Approach: 2 channels with comparison
Two ECUs working on the input data, outputs are compared
A 2 channels with comparison system is simply fail-safe and since
you cannot distinguish between “ECU1 not ok” and “ECU2 not ok”.
The safe state is a complete system shutdown.
Robert Leibinger, Software Architectures for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), Elektrobit Automotive GmbH, July 7th, 2015
System Architecture
Approach: 2oo3 Systems
If one of the ECUs fails the system can continue with the remaining
two ECUs.
Failures in the input data can be detected by an “Input-Voter”.
This pattern is well established.
Robert Leibinger, Software Architectures for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), Elektrobit Automotive GmbH, July 7th, 2015
System Architecture
2oo3 Systems and automotive
Applicable for automotive? • More ECUs
• More wiring
• More weight
• More power consumption
• Higher complexity to manage
Will we as a customer accept that? • Different opinions and market studies
• Referring to several studies, customer will pay 1500 – 3000 € more
for autonomous driving car (mid-size car).
Source: KPMG(2013), autelligence (2015)
Robert Leibinger, Software Architectures for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), Elektrobit Automotive GmbH, July 7th, 2015
System Architecture
Approach: 1oo2D System
High diagnostic coverage needed to detect failures in one channel
• IF component fails in one of the two channels, the system does not shut down
but continues to operate with one channel
Common sense:
The best policy is not to operate on a single channel, or not for a long period of
time.
See above: only some seconds may be needed.
Robert Leibinger, Software Architectures for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), Elektrobit Automotive GmbH, July 7th, 2015
System Architecture Diagnostics in software in autonomous driving systems
Integrity mechanism
• Memory Partitioning
• Temporal Monitoring
• Data protection
Infrastructure
• Fault tolerant Ethernet • Service Orientated communication
Software Engineering
• Plausibility checks
• Functional monitoring
• Defensive programming
• Dynamic analysis
Safety OS
• Data Protection
• Stack Protection
• Context Protection
• OS Protection
• Hardware Error management
Robert Leibinger, Software Architectures for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), Elektrobit Automotive GmbH, July 7th, 2015
System Architecture Outlook: Reconfiguration for rebuilding 1oo2D
Robert Leibinger, Software Architectures for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), Elektrobit Automotive GmbH, July 7th, 2015
System Architecture 1oo2D - Normal operation
Robert Leibinger, Software Architectures for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), Elektrobit Automotive GmbH, July 7th, 2015
ECU Software Architecture Overview of different architecture approaches
The Intelligent Automated Vehicle: the Last IoT Node
Juergen Weyer, Vice President Automotive Sales EMEA - The Intelligent Automated Vehicle: the Last IoT Node, M A R . 0 5 . 2 0 1 5
Juergen Weyer, Vice President Automotive Sales EMEA - The Intelligent Automated Vehicle: the Last IoT Node, M A R . 0 5 . 2 0 1 5
Source: IHS 2015
ARAÇLARDAKİ MOBİL UYGULAMALARA ÖRNEKLER
Gül Türker, Araçlarda On Board Diagnostic Sistem ve Mobil Cihaz Uygulamaları, ab.org.tr/ab14/sunum/9.ppt
Android, symbian ve windows işletim sistemli tablet, telefon ve
bilgisayarlarla veriler kablo olmadan, bluetooth ile görülebilir ve
düzenlenebilir. Ancak iOs işletim sisteminde kablosuz Wi-Fi özelliği
kullanılır.
• Android
• IOs
Önemli Not: Kablosuz haberleşme imkanı sağlayan mobil cihazlar ile aracın
OBD soketine uyumlu Bluetooth ve Wifi teknolojilerini destekleyen OBD II
tarama olarak farklı kitler bulunmaktadır. OBD II scanner kitleri için geliştirilmiş
çeşitli yazılımlar bulunmaktadır.
Smartphones
Noah Goodall, VDOT’s Connected Vehicle Program, Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation and Research, ASHE Old Dominion Section Meeting, June 13, 2013
• Very sophisticated computer
• Sensors
GPS
3-axis accelerometer
Camera
Magnetometer
• Carried with you all day
Gül Türker, Araçlarda On Board Diagnostic Sistem ve Mobil Cihaz Uygulamaları, ab.org.tr/ab14/sunum/9.ppt
• DashCommand
• iOBD2
• Mobilescan OBD
• MD4MyCar
• LogWorks
• Rev
• Roaders
Gül Türker, Araçlarda On Board Diagnostic Sistem ve Mobil Cihaz Uygulamaları, ab.org.tr/ab14/sunum/9.ppt